MICROORGANISMS

Presented By:

Abdul Qayyum

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

What kind of harmful and beneficial microorganisms are found in our daily lives?

How are microorganisms harmful and beneficial? How can microorganisms be controlled?

STANDARDS:

Students will relate how microorganisms benefit or harm larger organisms.

a. Identify beneficial microorganisms and explain why they are beneficial.

b. Identify harmful microorganisms and explain why they are harmful.

VOCABULARY TO KNOW:

Virus Microorganism Fungus

MICROORGANISM:

What is a microorganism? It is a living thing that is too small to see with a microscope. It includes amoebas, algae, bacteria, and other tiny organisms.

Some are harmful and helpful.

HOW CAN MICROORGANISMS BE HARMFUL? Do you know of any examples of harmful

microorganisms? Ever heard of Salmonella or E. Coli, these can

make you very sick. They are found on raw chicken and other meat,

raw eggs, and other foods.

HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS

How do you kill the bacteria? By cooking it of course…but if food is left out of

the refrigerator for two hours or longer, harmful bacteria will start to grow on it.

MORPHOLOGY OF BACTERIA:

Bacteria are intracellular free-living organisms having both DNA and RNA. Their biological properties and predominant reproduction by binary fission relates them to prokaryotes.

Spherical (cocci) Rod-shaped

(bacteria, bacilli,and clostridia)

Spiral-shaped (vibriones, spirilla, spirochaetes)

DO YOU KNOW THAT YOU PROBABLY HAVE BACTERIA ON YOUR SKIN RIGHT NOW???

You probably have some staph bacteria on your skin.

Staph can cause pimples and can even cause serious infections of the blood, bones, and lungs if you are not careful.

The symptoms of a Staph Infection include a collection of pus, such as a boil or furuncle, or abscess. The area is typically tender or painful and may be reddened or swollen.

USES OF MICROBES IN OUR DAILY LIFE: Sewage Treatment: Using Microbes to Recycle Water. Recycling Vital Elements: bacteria help recycle vital elements

between the soil and the atmosphere. Bioremediation: Using Microbes to Clean Up Pollutants.[Exxon

Valdez disaster of 1989].

Insect PestControl by Microorganisms.

Besides spreading diseases, insects can cause devastating crop damage. Insect pest control is therefore important for both agriculture and the prevention of human disease.Such as BT-cotton.

Discuss about Viruses.

WHAT IS A VIRUS?

A virus is another microorganism that caused diseases.

A virus is even smaller than bacteria. It must use a living cell to grow and reproduce.

Virus can cause colds.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF VIRUSES:

Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling and discoloration on the leaves.

Adenovirus: Adenoviruses are medium-sized, nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double stranded DNA genome. Their name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953.

Influenza Virus: Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A.

Bacterio-phage Virus: This term is derived from "bacteria" and the Greek: φαγε ν (ῖ phagein), "to devour". Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have relatively simple or elaborate structures.

WHAT ABOUT A FUNGUS?

Do you know that you eat some fungi? Can you give any examples? Yeast that is in bread, mushrooms, and

penicillin. These are NOT harmful to you.

HOW CAN A FUNGUS BE HARMFUL?

You have probably found something hidden in the back of your refrigerator that has something furry and green growing on it.

You do not want to eat this. Why?

HARMFUL MOLD AND OTHER FUNGI..

spread through crops and kill them. can rot food and wood. can cause several kinds of skin diseases like

athlete’s foot and ringworm.

SO ARE THERE REALLY HELPFUL MICROORGANISMS? You might be surprised to learn that we can not

live without microorganisms. Without algae and other tiny plants floating in

the ocean, we would not even have enough oxygen to stay alive!

ALGAE AND PLANKTON

These float on the surface of the ocean and is an important part of the food chain.

MICROORGANISMS AND FOOD

Did you know that microorganisms help provide us with food? Can you think of any?

Yes! Did you know that on gram of yogurt contains 1

billion bacteria!!

MICROORGANISMS AND DIGESTION...

Without microorganisms you would have trouble eating any food.

Certain bacteria in our bodies help digest our food.

Also there many medicines that are produced with microorganisms. Have you ever taken penicillin?

ARE THERE ANY OTHER USES FOR MICROORGANISMS? Yep! Some help remove harmful wastes from

sewage at water treatment plants. Others can help clean up oil spills. Microorganisms make dead things decay.

“Thank you”