Microbial Fuel cellBy Sagar Divetiya

110990135013Environmental Science & Technology

4th sem

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1) Perquisitesa) Electrochemical cellb) Fuel cells

2) Microbial Fuel cell (MFC)a) Definition, meaning & Principleb) Basic Designc) Components & Working

3) Types of MFC4) Applications of MFC5) Advantages & limitations6) Future & facts

Outline

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Perquisites

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Electrochemical cell

A simple voltaic cell

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“ A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent ”

What are fuel cells ?

Fuel

Fuel cell

Energy

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Hydrogen fuel cell - Famous

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Applications of Hydrogen fuel cell

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Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)

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MFCs are still taking baby steps.

If Fuel cells are new technology for us then MFCs are newest.

A very few people are working on it.

Knowledge of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Material science, Environmental Engineering, etc. required to understand & improve this technology.

Facts

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“ A microbial fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by the catalytic reaction of microorganisms. ”

Definition

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“ A microbial fuel cell (MFC) or biological fuel cell is a bio-electrochemical system that drives a current by mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. ”

Meaning

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“ MFCs are bioelectrical devices that harness the natural metabolisms of microbes to produce electrical power directly from organic material. ”

Principle

Why we eat food ?

To produce energy , gain vitamin , protein etc. This is our metabolism

Microbes exactly do the same, they eat organic material then produce energy for themselves.

This is the metabolism of microbe.

But some of microbes (bacteria) liberate electrons during their metabolic activity.

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Primary Flow diagram

FuelMicrobial Fuel Cell

Energy

Glucose(Organic material)

Fuel cell

Basic Design

Oxygen Poor

Oxygen Rich

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Anodic Reaction (Oxidation)◦ EX-1 : CH3COO - + 2H2O 2CO2 + 7H+ + 8e-

(Acetic acid ion)

◦ EX-2 : C6H12O6 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 24H+ + 24e-

(glucose)

Cathodic Reaction (Reduction)◦ EX-1 : O2 + 4H+ + 4e- 2H2O

◦ EX-2 : 6O2 + 24H+ + 24e- 12H2O

Redox Reactions invovled

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Various things like glucose, acetate etc.

Can be Obtained from Wastewater & solid waste especially domestic.

Organic material as fuel

Various Microbes used in MFCs

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Types of MFCs based on Mechanisms

Mediator MFC

Mediator-Free MFC

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Other types based on Constructional features

Research type MFCs

Continuous MFCs

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Some Application Based on MFC

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Treatment of Wastewater & solid wastes

◦ BOD removal

Used to measure strength of wastewater

◦ Biosensor ( Principle: Voltage is proportional to organic material)

Electrical Power Generation

Bio-hydrogen

Applications

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Wider variety of applications over conventional fuel cells.

Can be used to solve Environmental Problems Wastewater treatment & power generation at a same

time. Good alternative to Conventional Power Generation

Systems.

Advantages

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Limit on surface area of anode as bacteria can clog small pores and hence limit on current.

Still not economically competitive.

Power produced way below when compared with conventional cells.

Very slow performance in wastewater treatment.

Limitations

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Future

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“Love your Environment”, only way to save it

Thank you…