Post on 03-Jun-2018
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Micro Hydro Power Plant at
Manipal Falls A Feasibility Study
Mr. Adheesh Boratkar, Student, First Year, Manipal Institute
of Technology, Manipal University
Mr. R. Sudarshan, Student, First Year, Manipal Institute of
Technology, Manipal University Dr. K. Balakrishna, Faculty, Dept. of Civil Engg., Manipal
Institute of Technology
Wing. Commander A. Bhojraj (retired), Member, Mannu
Palla Lake Development Committee Mr. K. Shankaranarayana, Faculty, Dept. of Electrical Engg.,
Manipal Institute of Technology
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Contents
ManipalTerrain And Rainfall
Manipal Falls
Micro Hydro InstallationAn Overview
Components
Intake
Penstock
Turbine
Generator
Batter Bank and Inverter
Lighting
Conclusions
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Manipal - Terrain and Rainfall
Manipal - 5 km from Udupi, Karnataka
Situated on the Western Ghats of India
First to receive Rainfall from the South-Western Monsoons.
Rainfall400 cm annually
Elevation - 73 metres above sea level
Distance from sea7 km
Manipal Lake (Rain Fed Lake) - 60 acres in area
Remains filled for 4-5 months an year
Average depth - 30 feet Terrain down the Falls - Steep Gradient
Area 150 feet below FallAccessible by Road
Bio Diversity Hot Spot
Bio DiversityIntact even after Implementation
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Manipal Lake (Mannu Palla Lake)
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Manipal Falls Manipal Falls - Overflow from the Manipal Lake
Area: 60 acres
Average depth: 30 feet
Fall height: about 35 feet
Water flows down a steep hilly gradient to ultimately join the
Arabian Sea.
Effective head achievable with a penstock: about 150 feet.
Catchment areas
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Manipal Falls
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Micro Hydro
Micro Hydro: Generation of less than 100 kW of electricity.
Hilly Areas are suitable for Micro Hydro Installations.
Trapping rainwater at the highest geographical point possible
and then channelizing it to a turbine at the bottom using a
Penstock.
Turbine connected to a Generator to generate electricity.
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Components of a Micro Hydro
Installation
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A Schematic Diagram of a Micro Hydro Installation
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Intake
Place where water enters the Penstock
Surge Tank in the open area just before the falls
Actual intake about a feet above the bottom of Surge Tank
Incase of excess water from lake, overflow from Surge Tank
will be directed to the fall.
Bar Screener before Penstock
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Penstock
Conveys water from Surge Tank to Turbine
Runs down the entire length of the Falls (about 150 feet)
Friction Losses decrease with increasing Diameter of Pipe and
therefore, Cost
Most suitable materialUnplastified Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)
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A Penstock involved in a Micro Hydro Installation
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Comparison of Possible Penstock
Materials
Material Friction Weight Resistanceto
CorrosionResistance
to PressureCost
uPVC ***** ***** **** ***** ****
Mild Steel *** *** *** ***** ****
Ductile
Iron**** * **** **** **
* Means Poor and***** Means Excellent
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Reaction TurbineKaplan Turbine
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Impulse Turbine
Pelton Wheel
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An impulse Turbine is Suitable in our case as
Require a minimal water flow volume, ideal for sites where a relatively
small amount of water runs down a fairly steep hill, like in our case.
More tolerance to sand and other particles present in the water.
Easier to fabricate and maintain.
Parts are more easily accessible.
Dont require a Pressure Casing like a reaction turbine as they work on the
basis of the force applied by a jet of water and not on the basis of a
pressure difference.
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How much can be generated?
Diameter Head(Feet) Theoretical Power Efficiency 35% Efficiency 40%(Inches) (Feet) (Kilo Watts) (Kilo Watts) (Kilo Watts)
6 25 16.6729 5.8355 6.669212 25 66.6917 23.3421 26.676718 25 150.0563 52.5197 60.02256 50 47.1582 16.5054 18.86336 50 47.1582 16.5054 18.8633
18 50 424.4234 148.5482 169.76946 75 86.6351 30.3223 34.654
12 75 346.5402 121.2891 138.616118 75 779.7155 272.9004 311.88626 100 133.3834 46.6842 53.3534
12
100
533.5336
186.7368
213.4134
18 100 1200.4506 420.1577 480.18026 125 186.409 65.2432 74.5636
12 125 745.6359 260.9726 298.254418 125 1677.6807 587.1882 671.07236 150 245.041 85.7644 98.0164
12 150 980.1638 343.0573 392.065518 150 2205.3686 771.879 882.1474
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Battery Bank & Inverter
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Lighting
TYPE LED Incandescent Lamps CFLLife Span 50,000 hrs 1,200 hrs 8,000 hrsToxic Material None None MercuryTurns on instantly Yes Yes No-Takes time to warm-upLumens Watt Watt Watt450 4-5 40 9-13800 6-8 60 13-15
1600 16-20 100 23-30Durability Very Durable - LEDs can
handle jarring and bumpingNot Very Durable - glass or
filament can break easilyNot Very Durable - glass can
break easily
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Conclusions
Micro hydro power plant at Manipal Falls is highly feasible.
The effective energy that can be generated after accounting
for various kinds of losses assuming only a 35% over all
efficiency will be 85.76 KW.(assuming a head of 150 ft. and a
6 diameter pipe.) uPVC is the most suitable material for the penstock.
Due to the available conditions of Head and Rate of Flow, an
Impulse Type Turbine like a Pelton Wheel would be suitable.
A Compound wound self excited DC generator would be bestfor the proposed plant.
This energy would be sufficient to light the periphery of the
lake.
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This would generate awareness amongst the people ingeneral and students in particular.
The project would serve as an inspiration for others to think
along similar lines and come up with new and innovative
ways to generate Green Energy.
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Thank You!