Post on 04-Jun-2018
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PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGEDEPARTMENT OF ECE
EC 2351 MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
Two mark Que!"o# & A#wer
U#"! I $a"% Meaureme#! Co#%e!
1' ()a! " mea#! *+ meaureme#!,
Measurement is an act or the result of comparison between the
quantity and a
predefined standard.
2' Me#!"o# !)e *a"% re-u"reme#! o. meaureme#!'
The standard used for comparison purpose must be accurately
defined and should
be commonly accepted.
The apparatus used and the method adopted must be provable.
3' ()a! are !)e 2 me!)o/ .or meaureme#!,
Direct method and
Indirect method.
0' De."#e A%%ura%+, Pre%""o# Se#"!""!+ a#/ reou!"o#'
A%%ura%+ is the degree of closeness with which the instrument
reading approaches the true value of the quantity to be measured. It
denotes the extent to which we approach the actual value of the
quantity.
Pre%""o# is the measure of consistency or repeatability of
measurements. It denotes the closeness with which individual
measurements are departed or distributed about the average of
number of measured values.
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Se#"!""!+ denotes the smallest change in the measured variable to
which the instrument responds.It is defined as the ratio of the changes
in the output of an instrument to a change in the value of the quantity
to be measured.
Reou!"o# is the smallest increment of quantity being measured
which can be detected with certainity by an instrument. Thus , the
resolution means the smallest measurable input change.
5' Comare mo"#4 %o" a#/ mo"#4 "ro# "#!rume#!'Ar"6Ma+ 27118
S'No' PMMC MI
1 niform !cale "on#uniform scale
$ It can be used only for dcmeasurement.
It can be used for both ac anddc measurement.
% &ost is high &ost is low.
' It is free from hysteresis error. !erious error occur due tohysteresis.
9'()a! are !)e /"..ere#! !+e o. !a#/ar/ o. Meaureme#!'
1. International standards.
$. (rimary standards.
%. !econdary standards.
'. )or*ing standards.
:' De."#e I#!rume#!'
Instrument is defined as a device for determining the value or
magnitude of a
quantity or variable.
;' L"! !)e !+e o. "#!rume#!'
The % types of instruments are
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Mechanical Instruments
+lectrical Instruments and
+lectronic Instruments.
:' Ca".+ "#!rume#! *ae/ o# !)e"r .u#%!"o#' Indicating instruments
Integrating instruments
ecording instruments
.
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the accuracy.
13' Name !)e /"..ere#! ee#!"a !or-ue "# "#/"%a!"#4
"#!rume#!'
Deflecting torque
&ontrolling torque
Damping torque
10' Name !)e !+e o. "#!rume#! ue/ .or mak"#4 o!me!er
a#/ amme!er.
(MM& type
Moving iron type
Dynamometer type
ot wire type
+lectrostatic type
Induction type.
15' S!a!e !)e a/a#!a4e o. PMMC "#!rume#!
niform scale.
"o hysterisis loss
/ery accurate
igh effuiciency.
19' S!a!e !)e /"a/a#!a4e o. PMMC "#!rume#!
&annot be used for ac m0s
!ome errors are caused by temperature variations.
1:' S!a!e !)e a"%a!"o# o. PMMC "#!rume#!
m0s of dc voltage and current
used in dc galvanometer.
1;' >ow !)e ra#4e o. "#!rume#! %a# *e e=!e#/e/ "# PMMC
"#!rume#!'
In ammeter by connecting a shunt resister
In voltmeter by connecting a series resister.
1
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&an be used for both dc and ac m0s.
ree from hysterisis and eddy current errors.
27' S!a!e !)e a/a#!a4e o. Mo"#4 "ro# !+e "#!rume#!
2ess expensive
&an be used for both dc and ac
easonably accurate.
21' S!a!e !)e a/a#!a4e o. ()ea!!o#e *r"/4e me!)o/'
ree from errors
The balance is quit independent of source emf
22' S!a!e !)e a/a#!a4e o. ?e"# /ou*e *r"/4e me!)o/'
+rrors owing to contact resistance, resistance of leads can be
eliminated by using
this 3elvin double bridge.
23' S!a!e !)e *aa#%e e-ua!"o# ue/ "# a% *r"/4e'
The product of opposite branch impedances are equal.
20' Name !)e *r"/4e %"r%u"! ue/ .or !)e m6 o. e.
"#/u%!a#%e'
Maxwell4s bridge
Maxwell#)ein 5ridge
-nderson bridge
ay4s bridge.
25' Name !)e *r"/4e %"r%u"! ue/ .or !)e m6 o. %aa%"!a#%e'
De !auty4s bridge
!chering 5ridge
)ein bridge
29' Name !)e *r"/4e %"r%u"! ue/ .or !)e m6 o. mu!ua
"#/u%!a#%e'
The eaviside &bell bridge
The &bell bridge.
2:' Name !)e our%e o. error "# a% *r"/4e m6'
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+rrors due to stray magnetic fields
2ea*age errors
+ddy current errors
esidual errors
requency and waveform errors.
2;' L"! !)e /"..ere#! !+e o. error "# meaureme#! +!em'
1. 6ross error
$. !ystematic error
%. +nvironmental error
'. 7bservation error
8. andom error
9. 2imiting error
2
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8. )hat are the functional elements of generali?ed instrumentation
systems= :19;
9.i; +xplain types of error in measurement and instrumentation
systems.:-pril0May$>11;
ii; +xplain units and standards of measurement.:;
>>. )hich ac bridge is used to measure frequency and explain the
measurement
procedure= 2ist the applications for the ac bridge. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay
$>>>@;
1$. )hat is the need for standards of measurements= ow they are
classified= +xplain :-pril0May $>11;
1%. ow the un*nown frequency is measured using )ein bridge
method:-pril0May$>11;
U#"! II $a"% Ee%!ro#"% Meaureme#!
1' ()a! are !)e maor ar! o. CRO,
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1. &T$. /eritcal amplifier%. Delay line'. ori?ontal amplifier8. Time base generator
9. Trigger circuit@. (ower supply
2' ()a! are !)e ma"# ar! o. CRT, A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 2770
277
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'. 5y controlling the si?e of the steps of the staircase generator,
the number of samples and hence the resolution can be
controlled.
8. The sampling technique allows the design of the oscilloscope
with wide bandwidth, high sensitivity even for low duty cycle
pulses.
D"a/a#!a4eB
This oscilloscope cannot be used to display the transient
waveforms.
:'()a! are !)e ue o. a#ao4 !ora4e o%"o%oe,
-nalog storage oscilloscope uses the phenomenon of secondary
electron emission to build up and store electrostatic charges on the
surface of an insulated target. !uch oscilloscopes are widely used i; for
real#time#observation of events that occur only once and ii; for
displaying the waveform of a very low frequency :/2; signal.
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@. - number of traces depending on the memory si?e can be
stored and recalled.
17' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. DSO,
1. It can be used to measure -& as well as D& voltages and
currents, requency , timeperiod, time interval between two
signals and also to measure inductance and capacitance.
$. It is used to give the visual representation for a target of radar
such as aeroplane, strip etc.
%. In medical fields, it is used to display cardiograms that are
useful for diagnosis of heart disease in patients.
'. It is used to observe the radiation pattern generated by the
transmitting antenna.
8. It can be used to chec* the faulty components in various
circuits.
9. It can also be used to analy?e T/ waveforms.
11' ()a! " a# ee%!ro#"% mu!"me!er,
The solid state electronic multimeter of /7M :/oltage#ohm meter; is
one of the most versatile general purpose shop instruments capable
of measuring d.c voltage and current, a.c voltage and current and
resistance.
12' ()a! " a Qme!er, A'U' 6 ECE @De%' 277
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13.()a! are !)e ar"ou our%e o. error "# Qme!er, A'U' 6
ECE @Ma+ 27178
1. +rror due to distributed capacitance.
$. +rror due to residual inductance.
%. +rror due to shunt resistor.
'. +rror due to conductance of E#voltmeter.
10' L"! !)e a"%a!"o# o. Qme!er' A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 27798
1. To measure the E of a coil.
$. To measure the inductance and capacitance.
%. To measure the distributed capacitance of a coil.
'. To measure the E and power factor of a dielectric material.
8. To measure the mutual inductance of coupled circuits.
9. To measure the coefficient of coupling.
@. To measure the critical coupling.
15' ()a! " a e%!or me!er,
/ector meter is also used to measure the impedance and
voltage.
19' Me#!"o# !)e !+e o. e%!or me!er'
1. /ector impedance meter.
$. /ector voltmeter.
1:' ()a! " a e%!or "me/a#%e me!er,()a! are "! !wo mo/e
o. oera!"o#,
A'U' 6 ECE @
De%' 277:8
The meter used for complex impedance measurements at high
frequencies is called vector impedance meter.&onstant current mode
and &onstant voltage mode.
1;' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. e%!or "me/a#%e me!er,
A'U' 6 ECE @De%' 277:8
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1. It is used to measure the impedances over wide frequencies
range, from
'>> 3?. To 11> M?.
$. To obtain sweep frequency plots.
%. To measure the magnitude and the phase angle of the
impedance
simultaneously.
'. sing the oscilloscope, displaying the 2issaGous pattern, the
reactance can be
calculated by the use of this meter.
1
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5loc* dia A efer boo*.
23' ()a! " !)e *a"% r"#%"e o. !rue rm o!me!er,
True rms voltmeter is mainly used for measurement of complex
-& inputs. This instrument produces a meter indication by sensing
waveform heating power, which is proportional to the square of the
rms value of the input voltage. This heating power can be measurd by
amplifying and feeding it to a thermocouple, whose output voltages is
then directly proportional to the rms input voltage.
20' Draw !)e "#!er#a !ru%!ure o. CRT a#/ "! "! .u#%!"o#'
Ar"6Ma+27118
efer Textboo*
25' ()a! are !)e !wo "4#"."%a#! ro*em w"!) /"o/e w)e#
ue/ .or RF re%!"."%a!"o#, Ar"6Ma+27118
Most diodes have
i; +xcessive capacitance for high frequency rectification.
ii; ave excessive reverse recovery time.
PART @ $
1. +xplain the various bloc*s of a sampling oscilloscope. 2ist its
advantages and
applications. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>9, $>1>,$>11;
$. Discuss in detail about the various bloc*s of a general purpose &7.
:-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>B;
%. )ith a neat s*etch, explain the wor*ing principles of D!7. :-.. 0
+&+ ADec. $>>>B;
8. )hat are the types of sweeps in oscilloscope= +xplain the operation
of different types of special oscilloscopes. :-.. 0 +&+ ADec. $>>%;
9. +xplain in detail about analog storage oscilloscope.
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@. +xplain in detail about delayed time base oscilloscope
>9;
B. +xplain briefly the methods of measuring power at high frequencies.
:-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>9;
1>. +xplain the various parts of electronic multimeter. :-.. 0 +&+ A
May $>>B;
11. Discuss the measurements of D& and -& voltages and currents
using an +lectronic Multimeter.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;
1$. +xplain the wor*ing of a vector voltmeter with necessary bloc*
diagram. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>1>;
1%. )hat is vector impedance meter= !tate its applications with a
neat diagram. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>@;
1'. Draw and explain the bloc* diagram of true rms voltmeter.:-.. 0
+&+ AMay $>>B,$>11;
18. +xplain the measurement of quality factor of a coil. :-..0 +&+#
May $>11;
U#"! III S"4#a Ge#era!or a#/ A#a+er
PART @ A1. ()a! are !)e ar"ou re-u"reme#! o. a "4#a 4e#era!or,
A'U' 6 ECE @De%'27798
1. The output frequency of signal generator should be very stable.
$. The amplitude of the output should be controllable from very
small to relatively large values.
%. The output signal should be free from distortion.
'. The amplitude of output signal must be stable.
2' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. "4#a 4e#era!or, A'U' 6 ECE @
De%' 27178
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1. To provide appropriate signal for calibration, testing and trouble
shooting of the amplifier circuits used in communications,
electronics such as radio and television amplifiers.
$. To be employed as power source for the measurement of gain,
bandwidth, signal to noise ratio and standing wave ratio and
other properties of circuits.
%. To measure the characteristics of antennas and transmission
lines.
%.Me#!"o# a#+ .our "4#a 4e#era!"#4 "#!rume#!' A'U' 6 ECE @
Ma+ 27798
1. 2ow frequency sine wave generators.
$. adio frequency sine wave generators.
%. unction generators.
'. (ulse generators.
8. !weep frequency generators.
0' ()a! " a .u#%!"o# 4e#era!or, A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277;8
- function generator is a versatile instrument. It delivers different
waveforms whose frequencies are adGustable over a wide range.
The most required common output waveforms are the sine,
triangular, square and sawtooth waves. The frequencies of these
waveforms may be adGusted from a fraction of a hert? to several
hundred *ilohert?.
5' (r"!e a#+ .our .ea!ure o. .u#%!"o# 4e#era!or' A'U' 6 ECE @
Ma+ 277;8
1. The frequency range is >.>1 ? to 1>> 3?.
$. &an produce various waveforms such as sinewave, sawtooth
wave, triangular wave, square wave etc.
%. The accuracy is within H1 in low frequency range.
'. The distortion is less than 1 for the sine wave.
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8. &an be phase loc*ed to another external signal source.
9. - continuous adGustable d.c. offset is available between #8 /
to J8 /.
9' ()a! are !)e *a"% eeme#! o. .u#%!"o# 4e#era!or, A'U' 6
ECE @Ma+ 277;8
1. requency control networ*.
$. pper and lower constant current source.
%. Integrator.
'. /oltage comparator multivibrator.
8. esistance diode shaping circuit.
9. 7utput amplifier.
:' De."#e /u!+ %+%e .or a ue aue' A'U' 6 ECE @De%' 277;8
The duty cycle is defined as the ratio of average value of the
pulse over one cycle to the pea* value. It is also defined as ratio of the
pulse width to the period of one cycle.
Duty cycle K (ulse width 0 (ulse period.
;' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. .u#%!"o# 4e#era!or,
1. To test the bandwidth of the audio frequency amplifier. This
method is commonly *nown as square wave testing.
$. To be used as an important instrument in the trouble shooting of
different analog and digital circuits and instruments.
%. To act as a source for the alignment of receiver.
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$.
%.
'.
requency stability
Method of
frequency control
(hase loo*ing
capability
2imited
5y frequency
range control and
vernier dial setting
:5y varying
capacitor in 2& or
& circuit;.
"o
triangular etc.
igh
5y varying the
magnitude of
the current
which drives the
integrator.
es
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amount of distortion due to a particular harmonic, as a percentage of
the fundamental component is given by
"th harmonic distortion K 1001
XV
VN
)here /"K M! voltage of the " thharmonic
/1K M! voltage of the fundamental component
13' De."#e T>D' A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277;8
ather than specifying the amount of distortion at a particular
harmonic, a more generali?ed measure, called percentage total
harmonic distortion ta*es into account all harmonic components above
the fundamental. In terms of the percent distortion at each harmonic,
percent total harmonic distortion is determined from
22
4
2
3
2
2 ..... nDDDDD ++++=
10' ()a! are !)e a"%a!"o# o. e%!rum a#a+er,A'U' 6 ECE
@Ma+ 277;8
1. adars
$. 7ceanography
%. 5io#medical fields
It is also used for
1. 7bserving purity of a signal
$. -naly?ing modulated signals.
%. !tudying harmonic components of a signal
'. inding the intermodulation content.
15' ()a! " $ark)aue# %r"!er"o# .or u!a"#e/ o%"a!"o#,A'U'
6 ECEMa+ 27118
i; 2oop phase shift is ?ero ii; The product of voltage gain of amplifier and feedbac* factor
must be equal to
:or; greater than one.
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19' Draw !)e *o%k /"a4ram o. e%!rum a#a+er'A'U' 6
ECEMa+ 27118
efer Textboo*
PART $
1. Discuss in detail about the wor*ing of signal generator= :-.. 0
+&+ AMay $>1>;
$. Describe the wor*ing of function generator with the help of a
bloc* diagram. :-.. 0 +&+ ADec.$>1>, May $>>>9, May
$>>11;
'. Discuss the principle of pulse and square wave generators and
also the pulse characteristics required to analy?e the quality of
the pulse. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>>>B;
9. )hat are the applications of spectrum analy?er= :-.. 0 +&+ AMay
$>>>, Dec.$>>B;
B. +xplain the wor*ing of a superheterodyne type spectrum
analy?er . :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>1>;
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1>. +xplain the wor*ing of frequency selective wave analy?er
with applications. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>1>;
11. Describe the functioning of a total harmonic distortion
meter with a diagram. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>B;
1$. +xplain in detail about digital spectrum analy?er.
1%. Draw and explain the digital 2& meter.
1'. +xplain how function generator generates sine wave,
triangular wave and square wave.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;
18. )hat is wave analy?er= ow it analy?es the harmonics=
+xplain.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;
19. +xplain the vector networ* analy?er and list its application.
:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;
U#"! I D"4"!a I#!rume#!
PART @A1' ()a! are !)e a/a#!a4e o. /"4"!a "#!rume#! oer
a#ao4 "#!rume#!' A'U' 6 ECE @De%'2717Ma+ 27118
1. igh accuracy
$. igh precision
%. 5etter resolution
'. "o parallax error
2' ()a! are !)e a/a#!a4e o. /"4"!a o!me!er, A'U' 6 ECE
@Ma+ 27178
1. ighly accurate reading can be ta*en
$. 5etter resolution
%. (ortable due to small si?e
'. "o parallax error
8. They can be used for the measurement of quantities li*e
current, impedance, capacitance, temperature, pressure
etc.
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3' ()a! " k#ow# a 3162a#/ 0162/"4"! /"a+, A'U' 6 ECE @
Ma+ 277 or 1 whereas full digits
display the numbers from > to B.
0' L"! ou! !)e 4e#era %)ara%!er"!"% o. DM, A'U' 6 ECE @
Ma+ 27798
1. Input range
$. -bsolute accuracy
%. esolution
'. !tability
8. Input resistance
9. Input capacitance
@. &alibration
5' De."#e reou!"o# o. DM ' A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277;8
esolution of digital voltmeter is given by Kn
10
1
)here K resolution of D/M nK number of full digits in a digital display.
9' De."#e e#"!""!+ o. DM' A'U' 6 ECE @Ma+ 277
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$. eterodyne converter
%. Transfer oscillator
'. -utomatic divider
;' ()a! "!)e r"#%"e "#oe/ "# !"me "#!era
meaureme#!, A'U' 6 ECE @ De%' 27178
In this time interval measurement, the electronic counter used to
get the output ta*es the function of an electronic stop watch there by
measuring the time interval.
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$. Touch hold
%. (ea* hold
'. 5ar graph display
8. Digital interface.
10' ()a! are !)e a/a#!a4e o. /"4"!a mu!"me!er,
1. ighly accurate and the accuracy is around H >.>%.
$. 2oading effect is nil because of high input impedance.
%. Measurement speed is more.
'. - single instrument can be used to measure various ranges
a.c. and d.c. voltages, a.c. and d.c. current and resistances.
8. +asily portable.
15' De."#e "r!ua I#!rume#!a!"o#'
/irtual instrumentation is an interdisciplinary field that merges
sensing, hardware and software technologies in order to create
flexible and sophisticated instruments for control and monitoring
applications.
19' ()a! are !)e .u#%!"o#a *o%k o. "r!ua "#!rume#!a!"o#,
- virtual instrument is composed of the following bloc*s.
1. !ensor Module.
$. !ensor Interface.
%. Medical Information !ystems Interface.
'. (rocessing Module.
8. Database Interface and
9. ser Interface.
1:' Me#!"o# ome a"%a!"o# o. "r!ua "#!rume#!a!"o#'
/irtual instrumentation is used as
1. - control system for printing holograms on semiconductor
wafers.
$. - robotic camera system for operating rooms.
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%. -n automated radio test system used by dialer charger.
'. - weapon detection system for security chec*points at
airports.
8. -n in flight testing and data collection system on 5lac* aw*
helicopters.
9. - radiation test system for cellular phones.
1;' ()a! are !)e /"..ere#! !+e o. D"4"!a o!me!er, A'U' 6
ECEMa+ 27118
1. -M( type D/M
$. Integrating type D/M
%. (otentiometeric type D/M
'. !uccessive -pproximation type D/M
PART @ $
1. Draw the schematic of DMM and explain its wor*ing. -lso bring
out its advantages over analog multimeters. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay
$>>@;
$. +xplain the testing of an audio amplifier and a radio receiver.
:-.. 0 +&+ AMay $>>@;
%. )rite short notes on automation in voltmeter. :-.. 0 +&+ A Dec.
$>>9;
'. 5riefly discuss the methods used to increase the range of
frequency counter. :-.. 0 +&+ A Dec. $>>@;
8. )ith a neat diagram explain in detail about i; amp type D/M
and ii; !uccessive approximation D/M. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay
$>>@,May $>11;
9. +xplain the operation of digital frequency meter. :-.. 0 +&+ A
Dec. $>1>,May $>11;
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@. +xplain the functioning of Integrating type D/M. :-.. 0 +&+ AMay
$>>B;
>B;
B. )hat is the use of period measurement= Draw the bloc*
schematic of a period measurement set up and explain. :-.. 0
+&+ AMay $>1>;
1>. Draw and explain the fully automatic digital instrument
system.
11. )hat is virtual instrument= 2ist the advantages of virtual
instrument over conventional instrument.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;
1$. ow computer controlled measurement system is used for
testing radio receiver=:-.. 0 +&+ May $>11;
U#"! Da!a A%-u""!"o# S+!em a#/ F"*er O!"%Meaureme#!
PART @ A1' ()a! " /a!a a%-u""!"o# +!em,
Data acquisition system generally relates to the process of
collecting the input data in digital form as rapidly, accurately and
economically as necessary. - typical data acquisition system
consists of individual sensors with the necessary signal
conditioning, data conversion, data processing, multiplexing, data
handling and associated transmission, storage and display systems.
2' ()a! are !)e o*e%!"e o. /a!a a%-u""!"o# +!em,
1. It must acquire the necessary data, at correct speed and at
the correct time.
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$. se of all data efficiently to inform the operator about the
state of the plant.
%. It must monitor the complete plant operation to maintain on#
line optimum and safe operations.
'. It must provide an effective human communication system
and be able to identify problem areas, there by minimi?ing
unit availability and maximi?ing unit through point at
minimum cost.
8. It must be able to collect, summarise and store data for
diagnosis of operation and record purpose.
9. It must be able to computeunit performance indices using on#
line, real time data.
@. It must be flexible and capable of being expanded for future
requirements.
.1
.
3' ()a! are !)e %a"."%a!"o# o. /a!a a%-u""!"o# +!em,
1. -nalog data acquisition system.
$. Digital data acquisition system.
4. L"! !)e ar"ou .u#%!"o#a oera!"o# o. a /"4"!a /a!a
a%-u""!"o# +!em' A'U' 6 ECE @ Ma+ 277
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4. %i&"a' co"*$r($r.
5. A#)i'iary $+#ipm$"(s.
6. Di&i(a' r$cord$r.
6. Mention some applications of DAS.
1. A$rospac$ app'ica(io".
2. iom$dica' fi$'d
3. !$'$m$(ry i"d#s(ri$s
4. -"d#s(ri$s.
7. What are data loggers?
Da(a 'o&&$rs ar$ #s$d (o a#(oma(ica''y ma$ a r$cord of ($ r$adi"&s of i"s(r#m$"(s
'oca($d a( diff$r$"( par(s of ($ p'a"(. -( m$as#r$s a"d r$cords da(a $ffor('$ss'y as
+#ic'y , as of($" a"d as acc#ra($'y d$sir$d.
8. What is IEEE 488 !"s?
!$ -EEE488 #s is a'so ca''$d as &$"$ra' p#rpos$ i"($rfac$ #s P-. !$
$'$(( Pacard -"($rfac$ #s P- is a propri$(ary *$rsio" of ($ -EEE488 #s.
!$ mai" p#rpos$ for ($ -EEE488 #s is a#(oma(ic ($s( $+#ipm$"(, o( &$"$ra'i$d
a"d sp$cific.
#. What are the signal lines in IEEE 488 !"s?
1. -"($rfac$ c'$ar -C
2. A(($"(io" A!
3. %$r*ic$ r$+#$s( %:
4. $mo($ $"a'$ E
5. E"d or id$"(ify E;-
$%. Dra& the !loc' diagram of Digital Data Ac("isition S)stem?*A.+. E-EMa)
/%$$0
$f$r !$)( oo.
11. What is optical time domain reflectometer?
A" ;!D is a fi$r op(ic ($s($r carac($rii"& fi$rs a"d op(ica' "$(ors. !$
aim of (is i"s(r#m$"( is (o d$($c(, 'oca($ a"d m$as#r$ $*$"(s a( a"y 'oca(io" i" ($
fi$r 'i".
$/. Dra& the !loc' diagram of optical po&er meter.
Mrs. D. Padmapriya , Assoc. Prof./ECE27
8/13/2019 MI 2 Marks-modified
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$f$r ($)( oo.
$1. Write the merits of 23D method of meas"ring loss in optical fi!ers.
1. -( r$+#ir$s acc$ss (o o"$ $"d of ($ fi$r o"'y.
2. -( pro*id$s posi(io"a' i"forma(io" ao#( ($ prop$r(i$s of fi$r.
3. -( is $asy (o 'oca($ ($ fa#'(s.
$4. What are the 'e) feat"res of f"ll) a"tomatic digital instr"ments?*A.+. E-E
Ma)/%$$0
A#(oma(ic po'ari(y i"dica(io"
A#(oma(ic ra"&i"&.
A#(oma(ic $roi"&.
A#(oma(ic ($mp$ra(#r$ pro($c(io".$(c.
5A3
1. >B, May $>1>;
2.
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B. +xplain optical time domain reflectometer with a neat diagram.:-..
0 +&+ A Dec. $>>11;
10. Disc#ss ao#( ($ sys($m 'oss a"d app'ica(io"s of fi$r op(ics i" m$as#r$m$"(s.
:-.. 0 +&+ A May $>1>;
11. )hat are the factors to be considered while interfacing
transducers to electronic control and measuring systems=:-.. 0
+&+#May $>11;
1$. )rite a detailed note on data loggers.:-.. 0 +&+#May $>11;
Mrs D Padmapriya Assoc Prof /ECE29