Post on 23-Feb-2016
description
MetabolitesPrimary & Secondary
Charlie C. Villate
MetabolitesIntermediates and products of Metabolism;Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own, defense, and interactions with other organisms; and,These are categorized as Primary & Secondary Metabolites. O
OHOH
OH
OH
OH
a-D -G lucopyranose
Primary MetabolitesIntermediates and products of Primary Metabolism;Directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction; and,Absence of primary metabolites can result in immediate death.
O
OHOH
OH
OH
OH
a-D -G lucopyranose
Primary Metabolism (Few)Glycolysis;Photosynthesis;Citric Acid Cycle;Pentose Phosphate Pathway;β-oxidation of fatty acids’ and,Synthesis of proteins, enzymes and coenzymes.
Secondary MetabolitesOrganic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of an organism;Chemical compounds that are found only in specific organisms or groups of organisms as an expression of their individuality;Used as defense, attractants, and coloring agents;Provide most of the pharmacologically active natural products; and,Absence of secondary metabolites can result to long-term impairment of the organism's survivability, fecundity, or aesthetics, or perhaps in no significant change at all.
Building blocks of Secondary Metabolites
Secondary metabolites are derived from Primary Metabolites;The important building blocks of Secondary Metabolites are derived from the intermediates of:
Acetyl CoA;Shikimic acid;Mevalonic acid; and,1-Deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate.
Acetyl CoAUtilized in acetate pathway;Formed by oxidative decarboxylation of the glycolysis pathway product of pyruvate; and,Also, Acetyl CoA is produced in the β-Oxidation of Fatty acid.
CH3
O
CoA
Acetyl CoA
OH
OHO
Salicylic acid
Secondary Metabolite
Willow tree
Secondary Metabolite
Prostaglandin E2
Shikimic AcidUtilized in shikimate pathway;Produced from a combination of phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate;It can lead to a variety of phenols, cinnamic acid derivatives, and alkaloids.
Shikimic Acid
Secondary Metabolite
Vincristine Rose Periwinkle
Mevalonic Acid
Utilized in mevalonate pathway;Formed from three molecules of acetyl-CoA; and,The mevalonate pathway channels acetate into a different series of compounds than does the acetate pathway.
CH3 CH3
OCH3OH
Mevalonic acid
Secondary Metabolite
Azadirachtin Neem Tree
1-Deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate
Utilized in deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway;Arises from a combination of pyruvic acid and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; and,Responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenoid and steroid metabolites.
CH3O
O
OH
OH
PO
O-
O-
1-Deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate
Secondary Metabolite
Annual WormwoodArtemisinin
Thank God!