Message-Oriented Middleware

for Edge Computing Applications

Thomas Rausch

Distributed Systems GroupTU Wien

http://dsg.tuwien.ac.at

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Amazon AWS IoT

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The Internet

Decoupled messaging

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Subscribe to topic:/robot/arm

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Publish “move x,y,z” to/robot/arm

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Topic Subscriber

/robot/arm robot-client

/robot/arm ...Subscriber:robot-client

Publisher

Subscriber:...

Topic/robot/arm

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Trust?!

Availability?!

End-to-end latency: ??ms!

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IoT Edge Cloud

Edge Computing

S. Nastic, T. Rausch, et al. 2017. A Serverless Real-Time Data Analytics Platform for Edge Computing. IEEE Internet Computing 21, 4 (2017), 64–71.

G. Lewis, et al. 2014. Tactical Cloudlets: Moving Cloud Computing to the Edge. In 2014 IEEE Military Communications Conference. IEEE, 1440–1446.

Proximity Scale

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IoT Edge Cloud

Edge Computing

S. Nastic, T. Rausch, et al. 2017. A Serverless Real-Time Data Analytics Platform for Edge Computing. IEEE Internet Computing 21, 4 (2017), 64–71.

G. Lewis, et al. 2014. Tactical Cloudlets: Moving Cloud Computing to the Edge. In 2014 IEEE Military Communications Conference. IEEE, 1440–1446.

Proximity Scale

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Data centers

Internet

Mobileedge

Extremeedge

IoT

Cloudlets

Message broker

Cloud-based MOM

Edge-enabled MOM

Edge-Enabled MOM

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Sound familiar?NCA’05

DEBS’05

MW’05

PODC’07

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What’s new?

● The Cloud– Centralized on-demand resources

● Edge resources– Decentralized, heterogeneous, and volatile resources

(Mobile devices, IoT gateways, Cloudlets)

● Internet of Things– Plethora of devices and protocol standards

● A new form of elasticity: Cloud to Edge– Osmotic Computing

M. Villari, et al. 2016. Osmotic Computing: A new Paradigm for Edge/Cloud Integration. IEEE Cloud Computing

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Data centers

Internet

Mobileedge

Extremeedge

IoT

Cloudlets

Challenges

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Data centers

Mobileedge

Extremeedge

IoT

Proximity awareness

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Data centers

Mobileedge

Extremeedge

IoT

Elasticity from the Cloud to the Edge

Runtimeprovisioningof brokers

Networkreconfiguration

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Data centers

Mobileedge

Extremeedge

IoT

Privacy& Trust

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State of the Art – Research & Prototypes

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Messaging Model

● MQTT: ISO standardized pub/sub protocol– TCP/IP– Small code footprint, low-bandwidth design– Has become a common platform for IoT [1]

● Simple protocol– CONNACK– SUBSCRIBE(t), SUBACK(t)– PUBLISH(t,msg)– ...

[1] A. Al-Fuqaha, et al. 2015. Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and ApplicationsIEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347–2376, 2015.

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Messaging Model

● Message delivery guarantees (MQTT “QoS”)– (0) At most once– (1) At least once– (2) Exactly once

● Maintaining guarantees despite distribution

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State of the Art – The Real World

● Static topic bridging for proximity-based messaging(Mosquitto & HiveMQ)

Local Broker Central BrokerShared Topic

Internal Topics

Staticconfig

Staticconfig

Edge Cloud

Steve. 2017. Mosquitto MQTT Bridge-Usage and Configuration http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/mosquitto-bridge-configuration/

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State of the Art – The Real World

ScalAgent. JoramMQ, a distributed MQTT broker for the Internet of Things . White paper. 2014.

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The EMMA Project

ClientGW

c

GW

c

Broker

Broker

Device

Mon

itorin

g pr

otoc

ol

Controller

Bridging Tables

Gateway

Bridging Table

Reconfigura- tion Engine

REST Endpoints

Network monitor

Buffer out

Buffer in

MQTT Server

https://git.dsg.tuwien.ac.at/emma

Architecture Bridging & Reconfiguration

T. Rausch, S. Nastic, S. Dustdar. 2018. EMMA: Distributed QoS-Aware MQTT Middleware for Edge Computing Applications . IC2E’18.

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Prototype Evaluation

us-east eu-west

eu-central

BrokerGateway BrokerGateway

Controller

... ...

Gateway

Broker

98 ms 27 ms

85 ms

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Goals for short/mid-term future

● Elicit algorithmic challenges and novelties● Message delivery guarantees (MQTT QoS)● Elastic diffusion of brokers to the Edge

– Control heterogeneity of Edge resources– Efficient monitoring and network reconfiguration

Cloud

Dipl.-Ing. (MSc)

Thomas RauschResearch Assistant

TU WienDistributed Systems GroupArgentinierstraße 8/184-1, 1040, Vienna, AustriaT: +43 1 58801 184 838E: rausch@dsg.tuwien.ac.atdsg.tuwien.ac.at/staff/trausch