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Study One Saydna Adam Al Arraf(7):11-26, Al TaHa(20):120-123 What is shame/mercy?
Study Two Saydna Adam Al TaHa(20):116-129, Genesis 3:1-15 What did Allah do to restore
relationship and cover
shame?
Study Three Saydna Noah Al Araaf(7):59-64, Al Hud(11):29-45 What is the result of
rejecting or heeding the
guidance Allah send?
Study Four Saydna Noah Genesis 6:5-22, 7:1-24, 8:1-22, 9:8-17 Does Allah accept our
offerings?
Study Five Habil Al Maaidah(5):27-30, Genesis 4:1-8, 6:9 How does our shame affect
the offerings we bring to
Allah?
Study Six Saydna Ibrahim Al Saffat(37):83-113 How do I know if Im
righteous?
Study Seven Saydna Ibrahim Genesis 12:1-4, 15:1-6, 22:1-19 What are the steps to
become righteous?
Study Eight Saydna Musa A TaHa (20):9-76 What do The Great Signs
reveal?
Study Nine Saydna Musa Exodus 1:1-2:10 What is the true meaning of
the greatest of The Great Signs?
Study Ten Saydna Daud Al Anam (6):84 , Al Baqarah (2):251 Who is the Victorious King?Al Nisa (4):163, Bani Israil (17):55
2 Samuel 17:8-17, Psalm 2 and 45
Study Eleven Saydna Daud Surrat Al Amran(3):45, Al Ahzaab(33):69 How was the Victorious King
Psalm 22, Isaiah 53:1-12, Matt 27:27-46 tested?
Study Twelve Saydna Yunus Al Inbiya 21:86-87,Al Saffat(37):139-148 Why was Saydna Isa
Al Qalam(68):48-50 punished?
Study Thirteen Saydna Yahiya Al Imraan(3):38-39,Maryam(19):7-15 How is Saydna Yahiya a sign
Al Anbiyaa(21):89-91, Mata 3:1-17 to all the nations?
John 1:29-30
Study Fourteen Saydna Isa Al Baqarah (2):87, 253, Al Imran (3):45-55, How can we follow Saydna
ANisa (4):158, 171, Al Maida (5):110-117, Isa?
Maryam(19):16-34, Zukhruf (43):61-63
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1Garment of Righteousness
Saydna AdamStudy One
Quranic Text
Al Arraf(7):11-26
Supporting Text
Al TaHa(20):120-123
Key Principles
Khalifat Allah Evil Inclinations Shame and Mercy
Definitions
Khalifah-leader in all aspects of life
(political, social, and religious);
Arabic definition is to replace one
who died (successors of Prophet
Mohammed); carries the idea ofKing/Steward
Khalifat Allah- leader of all
humanity, not just the ummah
(Muslim community)
Respite-a temporary delay in the
execution of punishment
Mercy- the gift of Gods goodness
to those who dont deserve it
Inclination- A tilt or characteristic
disposition to do, prefer, or favorone thing rather than another
Sign-an act, object or person in the
physical realm which God uses to
teach us spiritual truth
Key Questions
1. What is shame?2. What is mercy?
Ask your friend to read Ayahs 11 through 18 in Arabic while you
follow along in English. After reading the passage ask him to
summarize what he just read. Listen intently.
Summary 11-18: Allah created the revered (Saydna) Adam taking
special care to give him all the knowledge and abilities he would
need to be the steward or representative (khalifah) of Allahs
Kingdom. Allah ordered the other beings of creation to bow down
and pay homage to the new steward of Allahs Kingdom. All
honored Allah and His steward by bowing down but Satan (Iblis)
refused saying, I am better than he; Thou hast created me of fire
and him thou didst create of dust. Allah rejected Iblis excuses for
disobedience and humbled him in the sight of the angelic host by
decreeing that He would punish Him and fill hell with all of his
followers. In humiliation, Iblis declares before all creation that he
would attack them from every side and do whatever possible tokeep the descendants of Adam from the straight path (Sarat Al
Mustaquin).
Key Points:
Adam is the Steward of Allahs Kingdom(Khalifat Allah) (2:30)
Satan is rejected because of his pride(gharoor/Istakhbaar) (13)
Satan is the open enemy of humanity (16 &17)
Question: Why was Iblis so harshly punished?
Answer: Pride (gharoor), thinking you know or understand better
than Allah. This belief is the first belief that leads to all other
wrong thinking about Allah and self. It is from this false belief that
all sinful action stems.
Ask your friend to read Surrat Al Araaf (7):19-26 and Surrat A TaHa
(20):117-123 in Arabic while you follow along in English. The two
principles that are necessary to communicate are A shame and B
mercy.
A) Shame Clear instructions
But go not near the tree, lest you become one of the
unjust (Those in darkness and separated from the
Allah Al Noor). (19)
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2Garment of Righteousness
Saydna Adam
Clear warningThis is an enemy to thee and thy wife; so let him not
drive you both out of the garden. (20:117)
Clear disobedienceAnd Adam disobeyed his Lord, and was
disappointed. (20:121)
The Quran is clear that the actions of Adam were not a mistake but
disobedience. Here Adam exhibits the same gharoor that Iblis
showed in not bowing to Adam. Allah told him not to go near the
tree or let his enemy drive him from the garden. Saydna Adam, in
listening to Iblis and taking from the tree, thought he knew better
than Allah, because of this gharoor, disobeys Allahs careful
instruction. Make sure your friend understands Adam did sin and
he now wears the shame of his action. In Surrat ATaHa(20):121the word sowa speaks of Adams evil inclinations. These evil
inclinations were there before he ate of the fruit but it was only
after he ate of it that he became aware of them. They are the
reason mankind needs mercy from Allah. In the same verse the
word ghawa which is translated disobeyed literally means that
his life became evil to him as a result of these evil inclinations,
sowa.
Question: What is shame and why does Saydna Adam have it?
(26)
Question: What did Saydna Adam do to cover his shame? (26)
Question: What do we do to cover our shame?
Note: It is important you be the first to answer the last question .
Be vulnerable and without specific details admit you have shame
and some of the ways you try to cover them without Gods
involvement (mercy). This is not the time to confess a deep moral
sin. Remember, this is a culture of honor and you must maintain
yours. Shaming yourself will discredit your message. Example:
White lies and excuses are types of coverings we use to try to hide
our shame.
Transition Question: Did Allah accept Saydna Adams covering for
his shame? No, leaves are not fitting for the
Khalifat Allah. (26)
B) Mercy There was nothing Saydna Adam could do or ever
would do to cover his shame.
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3Garment of Righteousness
Saydna Adam
If thou forgive us not, and have not mercy on us, we
shall surely be of the losers (those outside the
goodness of Allah). (23)
This mercy was from Allah no one else. sent down to you to cover your shame. (26)
Question: What is mercy?
Answer: The gift of Allahs favor to those who dont deserve it.
The provision needed to correct the problems of humanities
inward and outward conditions.
Review:
This time is important. As you have studied with your friend Im
sure he/she has had some questions that went unasked or
unexplained. Now is the time let him to ask. Make sure that he
understands the principles, A Shame and B Mercy.
Shame is a result of disobedience and disobedience is a result of
pride or gharoor.
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4Garment of Righteousness
Saydna AdamStudy Two
Quranic Text
Al TaHa(20):116-129
Supporting Text
Al Araaf(7):262:30-39
Biblical Text
Genesis 3:1-15
Definitions
Taqwah-inner godliness or
righteousness
Waqaa-to guard or protect
Key Principles:
Allah offers mercy. Man must take the
mercy.
Key Questions
1. What is the Garment ofrighteousness?
2. What did Allah do torestore relationship and
cover shame?
Begin day two by rereading Surah 7:26. Tell your friend you have
found something extremely interesting in this Ayah and invite
him/her to discover it with you.
Question: What is the Garment/Raiment of Righteousness?
-Dont answer the question, but allow your friend time to share his
idea.
Answer: What it does defines it.
Gives beauty(26) Covers Shame(26) Protects from evil (The only protection from evil
desires within and temptation from without is inner
godliness (taqwah).)(26)
Note: The word taqwah is derived from the Arabic root, waqah,
which means to guard. Taqwah is understood as inner godliness
or righteousness, piety that is only achieved if one is guarded or
protected.
Question: Does this sound like a garment you wear?
Answer: No, a garment cant cover ones mistakes or protect them
from the evil inclinations inside of them that lead to disobedience.
The Garment of Righteousness (Labis a Taqwah) is a sign for the
provision of mercy Allah is sending to fix Saydna Adams problemsas a result of his disobedience and shame. In ayah 23 Saydna
Adam says, We have wronged ourselves. His sin damaged his
own soul in a way only Allahs mercy can restore.
At this point you want to review Saydna Adams current standing
after sinning in paradise.
Ashamed of his appearance (naked) Ashamed of his behavior Has evil desires (non-submitting)
-Reiterate that Saydna Adam tried to cover his shame but wasunable. In 7:23 he confessed that he is one of the losers
(KhaSreen) without Allahs mercy.
Its important to note that Allah is sending mercy (Garment of
Righteousness) to correct the problems that the sin of Saydna
Adam has caused.
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5Garment of Righteousness
Saydna Adam
Allah wants to make us beautiful, cover the shame of our sin, and
protect us from our evil desires, by giving us new desires (the 3
things the Garment does). You want to share with your friend that
this same story is found in the Old Testament (Taurat). It shows
the Garment of Righteousness mentioned in the Quran in a
different light. Have your friend read the biblical account in Arabic
while you read along in English. Remember, odds are your friend
has never read the Taurat so take as much time as necessary to
talk about the passage.
Note: Make it a point to interject something about the similarities
between the two books. As you summarize the passage (Gen. 3:1-
14) continue to review all the previous points established from the
Quran.
Summary of Gen. 3:1-14:
Iblis was smart and full of trickery. Because of his hatred for
mankind (Day One: reason for his hatred) he came to Saydna
Adam and Eve (Howa) to deceive them into eating from the
forbidden tree (Al Shejarah Al Malaonah). Although in the Taurat
we see the account of his conversation with Eve, Saydna Adam did
not speak up to stop Iblis deceiving words and he took the fruit
and ate it just like the Quran says. They both willingly disobeyed
Gods instructions.
Iblis either had the power to come in the form of a serpent or theform is merely emphasizing the deceitfulness and dangerousness
of his nature.
Iblis begins his plot to expel Saydna Adam and Howa from
paradise by questioning her understanding of Allahs command. In
essence Iblis is saying, If Allah is good, would He ever keep
anything good from you? Howa restates Allahs command with
an addition of her own (shall you touch it). After questioning
Allahs character Iblis now makes a bold accusation Allah is lying to
them. At this point Howa began to doubt Allahs words to her and
for the first time mankind listened to the voice of her enemy and
believed a lie. Believing that there was some good thing Allah was
keeping from her she examined the fruit (touching it). Because
she had added to the words of God, it strengthened the power of
the lie Satan told her. Believing the lie she acted out of an
independent spirit, she ate of it giving some to Saydna Adam, and
she and Saydna Adam left the straight path.
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Key point: The evil desires in our hearts are gharoor/pride. This
gharoor leads us to believe lies about Allah and us.
They felt so ashamed they made for themselves garments of
leaves. When they heard Allah coming they hid because of what
they had done. They had the knowledge that the garment they
had made would never be sufficient to cover the shame of
disobeying Allah.
Key Points:
Because of the evil desires/ pride (gharoor), in our heartwe believe lies and then act out in wrong behavior.
Shame is a result of sin. We cannot cover our own shame.
Allah draws near to them and asked, Where are you? Allahknows where they are but he is teaching them to seek Him for
council first. (There could be some question here for your friend
so take the time to explain this. It might help to give an example.)
Example: My children are not allowed to play in the kitchen
because of the different dangers there. So when I hear them in
the kitchen, to give them mercy and the opportunity to change
their behavior and come to me for help, Ill call, Where are you?
So when Allah asks the question, Where are you? Saydna Adam
answers by saying the reason he is hiding is because he is naked.This nakedness is only an outward manifestation of what has
happened in his heart. Allah replies, Who told you that you were
naked? Allah asked the question to expose what was being
believed as a result of the disobedience and shame. Disobedience
and shame always makes us feel as though we are missing
something, insufficient, and/or damaged. Then Saydna Adam
makes an excuse placing blame on his wife and the majority of it
on Allah. Allah, in turn, asks each one of them to give an account
for their sin (Saydna Adam, Howa, and Iblis). After listening to
their excuses Allah pronounces punishment.
After reading the passages ask you friend what he/she thinks. Talk
about the passage for a minute. Answer any questions they have
pointing out the similarity to the Al Quran. Then read from the Al
Quran 2:37-39 together. Say, When I read this, I see Allah
sending to Saydna Adam words or guidance, showing him how to
take the mercy Allah was giving in the Garment of Righteousness.
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8Garment of Righteousness
Saydna Adam
Review and conclusion:
Draw the Diagram and explain.
1. Draw a line on a slant putting Allah at one end and Adamon the other making sure that Allah is above Adam. Write
Allahs name and draw a stick figure for Adam. Say,
While Saydna Adam and Allah were in the Garden Allah
had created for them they had a very close relationship. In
fact in the Torah it says they walked together in the cool of
the day. But something happened to change that. Then
ask:
Question 1: What did Saydna Adam do to cut the close
relationship he had with Allah?
2. Draw a wedge between the two names. And write theiranswers inside the wedge.
Then ask:Question 2: What did Saydna Adam try to do to restore the
relationship? Draw a line with an arrow pointing to the
wedge and write the word leaves above it. Adams clothes
of leaves were not accepted.
3. Question 3: What did Allah do to restore the relationshipand cover Saydna Adams shame? When they answer
draw a line with an arrow going from Allah up and over the
wedge back to Adam. Say, It was Allahs mercy in the
form of the Garment of Righteousness that alone could
cover Saydna Adams shame.
(When you review the following you can list them on the diagram)
Review the Garment of Righteousness from day one.
1. Restate the condition of Saydna Adam in his shame Ashamed of his appearance Ashamed of his behavior Having evil (unsubmitting) desires
2. Restate the solution Allah provides through the Garmentof Righteousness (3 things the G.O.R. does)
Makes you beautiful Covers your shame
Guards against evil (unsubmitting desires)
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9The Ark and Promise
Saydna NoahStudy Three
Quranic Texts
Al Araaf(7):59-64
Al Hud(11):29-45
Supporting TextsAl Muminun(23):30
Al Ankabut(29):15
Al Qamar(54):1
Al TaHa(20):121
Al Haqqah(69):11-12
Key Principles
Allah sends guidance tobring man back to the
straight path.
There is judgment forthose who reject the
guidance.
There is mercy for thosewho heed the guidance.
Definitions
Idolatry-assigning partners to
Allah(sherk)
Guidance-message of the prophets
and their books that teach us how
to take the Mercy Allah extends
Message- sign or mark, an evidence
or proof.(Ayyah in Arabic)
Special Knowledge- communication
from Allah (Wahy in Arabic)
Kafar- derived from the Arabic
word to cover and carries the
understanding that it is one who
knows the truth and covers it.
Key Question
What is the result of rejecting or
heeding the guidance Allah send?
Briefly review the key principles from your study on Saydna Adam.
Remind them of the diagram. Nine generations later Allah sent his
message to the world through Saydna Noah. Ask your friend to
read Surrat Al Araaf(7):59-64 in Arabic, while you follow along in
English. Ask him what he likes about Saydna Noah and this
particular text. Respond by sharing your delight with the passage
and then refocus on Ayah 62.
Question: What does Saydna Noah know that his own people
dont know?
Answer:
There is only one true God. The sin of his people is idolatry(sherk). Mercy is available if the people will heed the Guidance. Punishment (flood) is coming if they refuse the Guidance.
Transition Sentence: Nine generations and 1600 years after
Saydna Adam disobeyed the people have become so wicked Allah
is ready to destroy them all by a horrible death (drowning).
Question: How did the people become so wicked?
Before you answer, show your friend Ayah 63. Share with him
how Allah sent a messenger from their own people so they would
be sure to hear his guidance (hodaa). Saydna Noah was warning
them to fear Allah and take his mercy.
Answer: Ask if they remember what you talked about last time
when you discovered the evil inclinations from 20:121. Explain
that it was these same evil desires in the hearts of Saydna Noahs
people as in the day of Saydna Adam. They followed theses
desires and the evil within without regarding the will of Allah and
His prophets. They embraced their own pride, gharoor, and
believed all the lies Iblis told them. Generation by generation
these evil desires became worse and the people began to embrace
them instead of guarding against them. The people need the same
solution Saydna Adam needed. They need the Mercy (inner
godliness).
Allow this to be a time of give and take discussion. Make sure they
are with you. If not, before you progress, take the time to review
any questions they are struggling with.
Say, I found some of the other verses from the Al Quran that I
thought really went along with what weve been talking about.
Show them Surrat Al Yusuf(12):33 and 51-53. These ayat are about
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Saydna Noah
the wicked intentions of man and his inability to do right without
the Mercy of Allah. Other ayat on this point are found in Al
Zukhruf(43):15, Al Shuraa(42):48, Bani Israil(17):67 where man is
called unbeliever (kafer).
Transition Sentence: In Al Anaam(6):84-90 Al Quran says that
Allah has sent Guidance through the prophets and His books to
show us what the Mercy is, and how to receive it. (Just refer to
the passage and dont take time to go to it unless they want to.)
Ask your friend to read Hud(11):25-49 in Arabic, while you follow
along in English. After reading the passage ask him to summarize
what he just read.
Summary: Allah sent Saydna Noah, a man from his own people, to
warn them of coming danger. Allah was about to bring judgmentand there would be no more mercy if they refused to heed the
Guidance from His prophet, Saydna Noah, to fear Allah and
hopefully take his mercy (63). The leaders of Saydna Noahs
people rejected the Guidance and described Saydna Noah as
He was a mere man Those who followed his message were of the lowest of
society
He was not socially or materially above them Deceiver Surrat Al Muminun(23):24 our ancestors have never
spoken of such things (why should we believe youabove tradition?)
Noah replied by describing his pure motivation. He did not come
asking for wealth or suggesting he was anything other than a man
except to say he was one with a special knowledge (wahy) from
Allah. Because of his fear of Allah and his love for his people he
wanted nothing more than for them to take Allahs mercy and be
blessed instead of cursed. Allahs Guidance is always obscure to
those who refuse to confess their sin and submit to its message. In
Surrah Hud(11):28 it was made obscure to them is understood
as literally saying, Allahs mercy is blind to them. Allahs mercy
would not find them because they would not take the guidance
that preceded its coming. Unbelievers
Argue with the truth (guidance) Cover the truth (Kafer-one who covers truth) Reject the truth
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Saydna Noah
So the people said, Bring upon us that which you threatened us
with, if thou art truthful. Saydna Noah responded by saying he
was innocent of their guilt because he had done what Allah had
commanded of him. Then Allah revealed to Noah: None of thy
people will believe except those who already believe, so grieve not
(for them) and make an ark (fulk). So the leaders of Noahs
people laughed when they saw him building the fulk.
After the fulk was completed Saydna Noah gathered pairs from all
the animals of the earth and secured them on the ark. Allah
brought forth water gushing from the valley and from the sky that
eventually destroyed all human and animal life except those on
the ark. As the water was rising Saydna Noah saw his son and
called out to him, embark with us and not be with the
disbelievers. But the son did not obey his fathers voice and said,
I will take myself for a refuge to a mountain that will save me.
Before he could even set out toward the mountain summit a waveswallowed him and he drowned. Saydna Noah cried out to Allah
questioning, surely my son is of my family, and thy promise is
true. Saydna Noah was reminding Allah of His promise to save his
family and questioning Allahs judgment to allow his son to die
among the unbelievers. Allah replied, he is not of thy family; he is
unrighteous in conduct. So Allah rebuked Saydna Noah for his
ignorance lest he become one of the ignorant and Saydna Noah
repented asking for the Mercy.
Guidance comes through the message of the Prophets Guidance reveals the Mercy and leads us to it. Guidance is not clear to those who embrace the evilinclinations Guidance is not taken by the ignorant (jaahel), ignorance
isnt to be confused with lack of status or intelligence, it is
simply to reject the guidance
Question: Why did Allah not accept Saydna Noahs Son?
Answer: He wasnt walking the straight path but his own. He was
unrighteous and expected his actions to save him. Maybe he even
thought his family or religion would save him. His father was a
prophet. The righteous, however, depend on Allahs Mercy.
They confess their shame, submit to Allahs guidance, and take the
Mercy however it comes.
Key Point: They take Allahs Mercy in whatever form it comes,
whether it is a Garment of Righteousness or a big boat. The fulk is
a sign of Allahs Mercy. Surah Hud(11):41 tells us Allah navigated
the fulk and Surah Al Huqqah(69):11-12 tells us that Allah cause it
to float. Those who take Allahs mercy can expect to find
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12The Ark and Promise
Saydna Noah
provision, and protection from the enemy Iblis and Allahs
judgment.
Question: What do we do to try to save ourselves?
Answer: You answer this question first. Give examples of things
that might be good things to do but they dont save us (prayer,
fasting, etc.). Emphasize that because everyone has wrong doing
only those that are given the Mercy from Allah and take it will be
saved because all have those evil inclinations. (Al Nahl(16):61)
Note: The concept of taking (receiving) the mercy is a new idea for
your friend so do not push them hard. As the study progresses he
will see this more clearly.
Reread Hud (11):45-47
At this point you may want to remind your friend that this is the
exact same statement Saydna Adam said after he realized he has
disobeyed. It isnt necessary to explain how Saydna Noah acted
unrighteously or even if he did. The point is that he still has evil
(natural) desires and needs Allahs Mercy to be righteous. His
confession makes the point clear and the need apparent. In fact,
in Surrah Al Noah(71):28 Saydna Noah prays for Allah to forgive his
unrighteousness and the wrong doings of his parents, and all those
who believe.
Note: His heart for a moment was more for the well being of his
son then for the will of Allah (cleansing the earth of sin and
protecting the righteous). Like Saydna Adam he was questioning
the goodness of Allah (Did He lie?). Allah rebuked him so that he
would not become one of the ignorant, who heed not the
guidance of Allah and are judged. (46).
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13The Ark and Promise
Saydna NoahStudy Four:
Biblical Texts
Genesis 6:5-22
Genesis 7:1-24
Genesis 8:1-22Genesis 9:8-17
Key Principles
Allah is faithful. Allah desires offerings.
Definitions
Faithful- completely reliable
Offering- to bring something of
worth to Allah
Key Questions
1. What is an offering?2. Does Allah accept our
offerings?
Ask your friend to read the biblical account found in Genesis
beginning in 6:5-22, 7:1-24, 8:1-22, and 9:8-17 in Arabic, while you
follow along in English. Ask him to summarize what he just read.
Simply use these passages as a way to reiterate your points, and
grow your friends love and respect for the Taurat. Give them the
opportunity here to ask any questions they might have.
Note: It is important that you do not read scriptures Genesis 6:1-
4, and 9:18-27 as these are difficult passages for most believers
who have grown up reading them, they will almost certainly be
difficult for our friends to see and understand.
The wayward son of Saydna Noah not being mentioned in the
Taurat should not cause alarm. If its a problem simply state that
the Taurat does not have some things that the Quran mentions
nor does the Quran have everything that the Taurat mentions, butnone of these small details change the overarching theme both
found in the Quran and Taurat.
Read Genesis 6:5-22.
Summary: Iblis was humbled by Saydna Adam in front of all
creation so he plotted to shame Saydna Adam and succeeded. But
he failed to accomplish his end goal (bring honor to himself). Iblis
was not extolled, to the contrary, Allah proclaimed him the lowest
of all creation. So as Iblis vowed, he is trying once again to lead
the descendants of Saydna Adam from the straight path. Iblissucceeds in corrupting and shaming man. However, Allah
intervenes as with Saydna Adam and the Labis a-taqwa to save
humanity. Allah looks and sees, the wickedness of man was great
in the earth and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was
only evil (6:5). All of man has been lead astray by his evil
inclinations and the deceit of Iblis except Saydna Noah, his wife,
his three sons and their wives (6:18). From all of humanity only
eight were found righteous (7:1). If Allah had not acted and
cleansed the earth of evil Iblis would have surely succeeded in
corrupting and shaming all of humanity. Saydna Noah was called
just in his generation, and righteous (6:9, 7:1) because he did all
that Allah commanded him (6:22).
Transition: We saw in Surah Hud (11) that Allah did not accept
Saydna Noahs son because he did not take Allahs mercy but
trusted in his actions, family and religion to save him. Briefly
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review what was said last time about the different things we
sometimes rely on for our protection and salvation from our own
evil inclinations, Iblis, and Allahs judgment. Remember the
bottom line is the evil desires, pride, in Noahs sons heart that
leads him to go his own way, away from the straight path. Lets
look at Genesis 8:20-21 to see what Allah accepted from Saydna
Noah.
Key Points:
Allah accepted offering from Saydna Noah in the form ofan animal sacrifice.
Allah was pleased by the animal sacrifice Saydna Noahmade and established a twofold covenant with Saydna
Noah and his descendants. Genesis 8:21a, Allah smelled
the sweet fragrance and thought to himself . . .
1. Genesis 8:21b, Ill never again curse the ground2. Genesis 8:21c, Ill never again kill off everything
living as Ive just done.
(These promises are not universal in scope but allows
for natural disasters and death just not global)
God is faithful to the righteous. He gave a sign to affirmhis promise (covenant), the rainbow. (Gen. 9:12-17)
Note: The word, remember is used (8:1) to emphasize Allahs
faithfulness to those who are righteous. The sign of the rainbow
is to reiterate Allah is good and will do what He says He will do.
Remember, both Saydna Adam and Noah forgot/questionedAllahs goodness but Allah because He is good/faithful never
forgot them.
Say, Allah requires and desires offering (worship) from each of us.
Throughout both the Quran and the other holy books Allah has
expressed this command and desire from his followers.
Question: What is an offering?
Answer: To give something to someone you love, gift.
Question: How do we give offerings to Allah?
Answer: We give offerings through prayers, tithes (zakat),
Question: Do you think Allah accepts our offerings (rhetorical)?
Spend as much time as needed exploring these questions.
Emphasize the beauty of Allah accepting Saydna Noahs offering.
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15The Ark and Promise
Saydna Noah
Be sure to differentiate between the offerings we give being
worship and not being what allows us entry into the Kingdom of
Allah. If our offerings saved us, then our works, family or religion
would be all we needed. Emphasize again our need for the mercy
of Allah to save us. They will enjoy agreeing with you on this but it
will cause them to think about why they do what they do.
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16The Lesser Sacrifice
Qabil and HabilStudy Five
Quranic Text
Al Maaidah(5):27-30
Biblical TextGenesis 4:1-8, 6:9
Support Text:
Surat Al Maidah (5):31
Surat Al Hajj (22):37
Genesis 6:9
Key Principals:
Allah desires and requiresofferings.
Allah only acceptsofferings from therighteous.
Definition
Sacrifice- offering
Key Question
How does our shame affect the
offerings we bring to Allah?
In the other stories of the prophets we learned that Allah desires
and requires offerings. Saydna Noah was commanded to build and
alter and make an offering on it with the extra animals Allah askedhim to bring (Gen. 7:2-3). After the flood Saydna Noah obeyed
Allah. He built an alter and placed a burnt offering on it. Allah was
so pleased by Saydna Noahs offering that He made promises with
Saydna Noah and all humanity (Gen. 8:20-21). Saydna Noah was
much like Habil. Saydna Noah was a just man in his generation
(Gen. 6:9).
Question: How do we know Allah will accept our offerings?
Answer: I believe the answer can be found in the signs of Saydna
Noah, and Qabil and Habil. Ask your friend to read Surat Al
Maidah (5):27-30 in Arabic while you follow along in English. Ask
him/her to summarize.
Summary: The two sons of Saydna Adam offered a sacrifice. Allah
accepted one offering and refused the other. The son whose
offering was rejected, Qabil, became angry and swore to kill his
brother, Habil. The Quran describes Habil as a righteous man who
when threatened by his brother spoke not with anger but said,
Allah accepts only the godly/righteous (muttaqi). If thou stretch
out thy hand against me to kill me I shall not stretch out my hand
against thee. So Qabil hardened his heart and dulled his mind. In
Arabic the text literally means that he permitted himself to
commit this horrible act. He submitted to the evil inclinations in
his heart instead of submitting to Allah. Then he stretched out his
hand against his brother and killed him.
Question: Do you know what the sacrifices each one brought
were?
Say, In this story there are many details in the Taurat that will
help us understand this story even more fully. Ask your friend if he
would read with you in the Taurat. In this case the Taurat has
many more details. Ask your friend to read Gen. 4:1-5 in Arabic
while you follow along in English.
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17The Lesser Sacrifice
Qabil and Habil
Answer and Summary: Eve conceived and bore two sons. Habil
was a keeper of sheep and his brother Qabil was a tiller of the
ground. They each brought an offering before Allah. Qabil
brought an offering of fruits from the ground and Habil brought asheep from his flock. Allah respected Habils offering and did not
respect Qabils offering. Qabil became very angry and his
countenance changed. The Hebrew for countenance fell literally
means face fell. Instead of gazing upward to Allah, he was now
looking away embracing his evil inclinations and giving himself
over to his anger and jealousy.
Question: Why did Allah accept Habils offering and reject Qabils
offering?
Answer: The Quran tells us that Habil was righteous and therefore
brought an offering that was acceptable. The Taurat says, Habil
brought the firstborn of his flock and of their fat. Habil brought a
spotless lamb, the best and the fattest, the most costly thing he
had. Qabil brought that which he had grown. There was nothing
special about what he brought. It cost him little.
Question: How can we know if Allah will accept our offerings?
Answer: Lets look at Genesis 6:9 and Surat Al Maidah (5):27.
Discuss these verses after you read them. Ask your friend what hethinks about these verses. Then read together from Surat Al Hajj
(22):37. Ask your friend to tell you what he thinks this verse
means. When we give an acceptable offering it is our taqawa
(godliness/righteousness) that reaches Allah and not the offering
itself as if we have anything that Allah needs.
Question: If Qabil had given a more costly offering would Allah
have accepted it?
Answer: No, what we give is a byproduct of the condition of our
heart. Even if Qabil had offered something costly his heart wasstill unrighteous and therefore would not be accepted.
Saydna Iesa tells us in the Injiil (Luca 21:1-4) of two different
people giving their offerings. (Tell the story but dont necessarily
read it.) In front of the temple thirteen chests were set up for the
people to give monetary offerings. A rich man dropped a lot of
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18The Lesser Sacrifice
Qabil and Habil
money in making sure that everyone around heard and saw that
he was giving much. Then a widow approached and put two small
coins in the chest and walked quietly away. Saydna Iesa told his
disciples to look and see whose offering was acceptable. He saidthe widow gave all she had as an offering to Allah but the rich man
gave to be seen. She had given more and acceptably and
appropriately. Al Mutaqeen, the righteous, alone are accepted.
Question: So why was Qabil so angry?
Ask your friend to read Gen. 4:6-8 in Arabic while you follow along
in English.
Answer: He was angry because he haphazardly brought an
offering to Allah.
Note: Your friend would never think of praying without first doing
al wadhu. He knows well the shame that would accompany
approaching Allah half-heartedly.
Qabil was rejected in front of his brother who was accepted. He
felt ashamed of his actions and even more ashamed because his
brother was there. He wanted to remove the shame of being
rejected by Allah and punish Habil. His actions remind us of
Saydna Adam questioning the goodness of Allah, blaming others
for his own actions, and trying to cover his shame.
Note: Surrat Al Maidah(5):31 describes an interaction between
Allah and Qabil after the murder of Habil. Its not found in the
biblical text but teaches a great truth. Allah sends a raven to
show Qabil how to cover the shame of his brother. Allah was
not only telling Qabil to bury Habil but was showing him that even
if he covered his brothers body he could not cover his own shame.
His brother was still dead and there was nothing at this point he
could do about that. Without Allahs mercy his shame would not
be covered.
Summary:
Question: How do you think our shame affect the offerings we
bring to Allah?
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19The Lesser Sacrifice
Qabil and Habil
Answer: Let them answer and talk about their thoughts. If you
sense they need to review use this time.
Conclusion: In both the Quran and the Taurat Allah sent guidance
to Qabil. Whether through Habils words (A.Q. 5:27), the raven
(A.Q. 5:31), or directly from Allah (Gen. 5:7), we see the mercy
Allah sought to give to Qabil before and after his sin. Tragically,
we see again as with Saydna Noahs son what happens when one
refuses the guidance Allah sends. And from Qabil we learn that
without the mercy we cannot be considered righteous and our
offerings will not be accepted.
To end say, If Im righteous Allah will accept my offerings. How
do I know if Im righteous? Give them the opportunity to answerand then say, I believe the story of Saydna Ibrahim has much to
share about how to know if one is righteous. We should study his
story soon.
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20The Great Sacrifice
Saydna IbrahimStudy Six
Quranic Text
Al Saffat(37):83-113
Supporting TextAl Imraan(3):97
Key Principles
True belief isacknowledging and
surrendering to truth.
Mercy comes throughsacrifice.
Mercy must be received.Definitions
Ransom-To obtain the release of by
paying certain, demanded price.
Key Question
How do I know if Im righteous?
We saw that Habil and Saydna Noah were called righteous and
their offerings were accepted by Allah because of this. So if I am
righteous Allah will accept my offerings. How do I know if Im
righteous? Through the message and signs of Saydna Ibrahim and
the Great Sacrifice Allah has answered our question.
Ask your friend to read Surat Al Saffat (37):83-113 in Arabic, while
you follow along in English. Ask him what he likes about Saydna
Ibrahim and this particular text.
Summary: He asked his people, What is it that you worship, and
are there gods beside Allah? (85-87) with great indignation
Saydna Ibrahim shouts, I am deeply grieved from your Idolatry!
(89) So the people turned their backs on Saydna Ibrahim and so he
began to insult their gods. Why do you not eat, and why do you
not speak? (91-92) Then he hit one of the idols with his righthand and the people became angry moving toward him (93-94)
shouting, build for him a building and then cast him into the
flaming fire (97). Saydna Ibrahim flees with the intervention of
Allah (99-100). The Quran teaches that the people bound him and
sought to burn him alive and Allah saved him by cooling the flames
(Surat Al Anbiyaa(21):69). Then Allah gave him a son and, when he
became of age to work, Allah came to Saydna Ibrahim in a dream
commanding him to slaughter his son as a sacrifice. Saydna
Ibrahim tells his son and the son says, O my father, do as thou art
commanded (101-102). So after both of them had submitted to
Allahs will Saydna Ibrahim laid his son on the alter and began toobey all that he had been commanded by the word of Allah. Allah
calls out to Saydna Ibrahim and tells him that it was a test to affirm
his faith and that the life of the boy is not to be taken. (103-106)
Question: How does Ayah 84 describe Saydna Ibrahim?
Answer: A man having a righteous or uncorrupted heart.
Question: Why do you think Allah tested him?
Answer: Allah is testing Saydna Ibrahim to teach him. Allah often
uses tests as truth) in order to teach us the straight path signs (an
object in the physical realm which God uses to teach us spiritual.
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21The Great Sacrifice
Saydna Ibrahim
Question: How did Saydna Ibrahim come to acquire this righteous
heart?
Answer: By believing Allah and submitting to His will. He did not
try to save himself as Saydna Noahs son but he trusted Allah
would save him. (Later see Genesis 15:6)
He believed Allah (111) He submitted to Allah (103) He receive the mercy Allah gave through sacrifice(107)
Look at each of these ayaat. Discuss them showing each point
from the Quran.
After you have read Ayah 107 and made the point that Saydna
Ibrahim accepted the mercy Allah gave through sacrifice, ask whateach of the following three words mean in Arabic. Allow them to
answer.
Fedaa: The root word here is fedaa, and means to ransom. Allah
is the doer of the verb (majestic plural). Example: Ied Al AThHa
where they slaughter a sheep and give the meat to the poor as an
offering to Allah. The Ied is more than charity. The one who gives
the sacrifice is in a small way ransoming men from the oppression
of poverty.
ThebaH: ThebaH is understood to mean sacrifice or slaughter.
Atheem: Atheem is an adjective meaning great.
Key Point: Saydna Ibrahim is offering what he was told to offer,
the most costly thing he has, his son. However Allah sent His
mercy, ransoming Saydna Ibrahims son, by sending something
greater, better. This reminds us of when Allah said to Saydna
Adam that the labis ataquah He sent is what is best.
Key Point: The mercy Allah sends is always best and alone
sufficient.
Question: Is a ram greater than a promised son/prophet?
Answer: No, the offering is greater than a ram, the promised son,
a prophet, and it satisfies a great debt.
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Question: What can it be?
Answer: In verses 106 and 107 literally, Allah is satisfying the debt
that Saydna Ibrahim (pbuh) owed him through sacrifice. It is a
great sacrifice. Keep your answer brief. Leave room for mystery.
Let them think about it. Repeat the definition of a sign. A sign is
an external reality that represents a spiritual truth. It
demonstrates in small what Allah is doing or will do on a larger
scale. Read ayah 105 which says fulfilled the vision. Allah
always fulfills what He says He will do. The sheep/goat is obviously
a sign of the great sacrifice.
Example: Architects often use a scaled model building to show
potential clients what a building will look like when it is finished.
The scaled version isn't the real building but it gives a good look at
what is in the mind of the architect and his plans.
Note: To be righteous is not to be faultless or without sin. In Surat
Al Nahl (16):61 we see that if Allah were to punish men for their
intentional sins (Thalm) He would destroy every creature. Saydna
Noah sinned and yet Allah called him a righteous man.
Conclusion: Being righteous means believing Allah, submitting to
Allah, and taking the mercy of Allah, which is best and great.
Allah is showing us that the cost of restoring man to a righteous
state is through sacrifice. And this sacrifice is not just something
but great. It has to be momentous. How great must it be if Allah
is the giver!
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Saydna Ibrahim
Question: What does it mean to believe(Gen 15:6)?
Answer: The original language defines this word believe as having
firm, enduring belief.
Real faith (belief) possesses two elements.
Acknowledging something to be truth Surrendering to that which is truth
We can plainly see these qualities in Saydna Ibrahim. In fact, in the
Holy books faith is almost always associated with spiritual things or
Allah. Real faith centers on the promisegivernot the actual
promise given.
Background information:
In chapters twelve through twenty two there is a great dialoguebetween Allah and Saydna Ibrahim. Allah asks, Do you believe
me (am I trustworthy)? And Saydna Ibrahim asks, Can I believe
you (are you trust worthy)? On four different occasions Allah
confirms and reconfirms his promise to Saydna Ibrahim, to make
him a great nation through a promised son. The focus of this
passage is often placed on Saydna Ibrahims acts of submission.
And while his acts of submission are a major thrust through the
passage, they are not the over arching theme. The theme is
provision through sacrifice. Allah is forever going to put to rest a
dialogue that, has spanned over twenty five years, eleven
chapters, and the birth of the promised son. Allah willdemonstrate, through a test his trustworthiness, resolve Saydna
Ibrahims fears and show the world how he will bring
provision/mercy to the greater need of humanity (righteousness).
Ask your friend to read Genesis 22:1-19 and summarize.
Summary: Allah came to Saydna Ibrahim and asked that he take
his son and offer him as a sacrifice. This idea would not have been
a foreign idea. Child sacrifice was a common form of pagan
worship in his day and Saydna Ibrahim was from a pagan nation.
Allah was asking for Saydna Ibrahims greatest possession, and his
only hope of receiving the promise to become a great nation. The
very next day Saydna Ibrahim rises early and gathers all he needs
for a burnt offering as well as his son and two young servants.
After traveling nearly three days Saydna Ibrahim sees Mount
Moriah (meaning place of provison, situated near or in
Jerusalem). Thus far, Saydna Ibrahim showed incredible surrender
by immediately obeying and taking his son to this far away place
with the intentions of following the command of Allah. In verse
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25The Great Sacrifice
Saydna Ibrahim
five Saydna Ibrahim tells his servants to, stay here with the
donkey, the lad and I will go yonder and worship and we will come
back to you. Here Saydna Ibrahim was making a statement of
Allahs trustworthiness and of his trust in Allah. He believed that
even though Allah had commanded him to sacrifice his son that
Allah would provide a way for both he and his son to return to the
servants. Saydna Ibrahims son asks in verse 7, My father . . . look
the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for the burnt
offering? Saydna Ibrahim told him that Allah would provide for
himself a lamb for a burnt offering. He then prepared the alter,
bound his son, and raised the knife over his son to slay him. Then
the Angel of the Lord called to Saydna Ibrahim and said, Do not
lay your hand on the lad or do anything to him since now I know
you that you fear God since you have not withheld your son, your
only son, from me. Then Saydna Ibrahim looked and saw a ram
caught in the thicket and together Saydna Ibrahim and his sonoffered the ram on the alter to the Lord. Allah then reminds
Saydna Ibrahim of the promise He had given him.
Question: Why, when Allah released Saydna Ibrahim from His
command, did Allah still require a sacrifice?
Answer: Both in the Quran and Taurat we see Allah still
demanding a sacrifice. In Genesis 22:13 we see that the sacrifice
was intended to replace the son. Obviously, sacrifice is important
or Allah would have never required it.
Note: The idea will be developed in full later so dont push to
explain. Just state the question, point to the answer and move on
to reviewing the key points.
Key Points:
Saydna Ibrahim is called righteous because:
Faith in Allah (belief and submission) He received the mercy of Allah through sacrifice
The sign of the greater sacrifice (ayyat 106-107)
For all humanity Allahs mercy for our righteousness Mercy comes through sacrifice
Conclusion: In the message and sign of Saydna Ibrahim, Allah
shows that he provided mercy through a sacrifice. From Saydna
Adam to Saydna Ibrahim we see what makes us unrighteous
(gharoor) and how to become righteous (belief, submit, and
receive Allahs mercy which comes through sacrifice).
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26The Great Sign
Saydna MusaStudy Eight
Quranic Text
A TaHa (20):9-76
Supporting TextAl Araaf (7):100-136
Al Baqarah (2):170
Al Araaf (7):9, 36, and 40
Bani Israil (17):101
Al Araaf (7):133
Key Principles:
Allah gives mercy to anywho repent, believe, and
submit.
The unbeliever rejectsAllahs guidance.
Allah sent The GreatSigns.
Definitions:
Revelation- (Wahi)- direct
communication between Allah and
his messengers
Manifest-(ikhfaa)-removing that
which conceals
Key Question:
1. What are The GreatSigns?
2. What do they reveal?
Ask your friend to read and summarize Surrat aTaHa (20):9-16.
Summary Musas Commissioning 20:9-16
Saydna Musa saw a fire burning and told his companions to wait
while he went to see if he could take some hot coal for a fire or
find someone who could direct them homeward. As Saydna Musa
approached the fire a voice called out, O Musa, surely I am your
Lord so take off your shoes, surely thou art in the [sacred place].
Allah tells Saydna Musa his first revelation (wahi) is that, there is
no god but Allah, so serve [and worship Allah alone]. Next Allah
foretells that he is going to do something new and make it
manifest to all. Those who strive to follow will be rewarded and
those who choose not to follow will perish.The word manifest(ikhfaa) (15) usually means to conceal but
here it means to remove i.e. a veil concealing something. In this
case the full meaning is that a veil is being removed to reveal
something that had not been seen until this hour.(15) Hour is
usually understood as the last day but in this case it is associated
with coming judgment and mercy
Question: What is Allah about to make manifest to all?
Answer: The Great Signs
Ask your friend to read and summarize Surrat aTaHa (20):17-24
Summary-Allahs Instructions 20:17-24
Saydna Musa was commanded by Allah to throw down his walking
stick. It then turned into a snake. Allah told him to pick it up and
not to be afraid. The staff turned back into its former state. Then
Allah commanded him to put his hand under his armpit and it
became white but was not harmed. Both of these things were
signs. These signs were given to affirm Saydna Musa as a prophet
to Pharon and the chiefs as well as to give Saydna Musa
confidence. Allah then says, [Go] that we may show you of ourgreater signs. Go to pharaoh, surely he has exceeded the limits.
It is clear here that these are not the Great Signs but they are yet
to come.
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27The Great Sign
Saydna Musa
Question: What are the Great Signs?
Answer: Do not answer but continue to build suspense. The Great
Signs are the ten plagues and the blood of the Passover lamb
(which is the greatest). Although youre not answering, reiterate
that the Quran over and over again exhorts us to pay attention to
the signs because the signs authenticate the guidance, and these
are not just signs but The Great Signs. (23)
Ask your friend to read and summarize Surrat aTaHa (20):25-35
Summary-Musas Request 20:25-35
When Musa realized the enormous task he had been chosen for
and the powerful forces he had to confront, He prayed, O my Lord!
Since this mission is extremely difficult and dangerous strengthenmy resolve so that I am able to face all situations with confidence.
He went on to ask for an aide to assist him, his brother Haron. In
ayya 29 the Arabic word wazeer literally means one who bears a
burden. In ayya 32 again Musa asks for someone to sharak, or
share, his task.
Note: Saydna Musa had two mothers, a Hebrew mother (until age
6) and Egyptian mother. This afforded him the ability to speak
both Hebrew and Egyptian fluently. Also, as the son of the
pharaoh he enjoyed the best education. The Arabic word for
(speech) impediment in ayya 27 means roughness or coarseness.Throughout the Quranic passage Allah is exhorting Saydna Musa to
overcome his fear. It is possible that when afraid, Saydna Musa
stuttered thus failing to communicate clearly.
Ask your friend to read and summarize Surrat a TaHa (20):36-41
Summary-Allahs Affirmation 20:36-41
Allah encourages Saydna Musa by demonstrating that He had been
with him through each of the stages of his life orchestrating them,
in order to prepare Saydna Musa for this difficult task. (Take time
to discuss the stories.) Now that Allah has delivered him from
these life events He is commissioning him to be the deliverer for
Bani Israil.
Ask your friend to read and summarize Surrat a TaHa (20):42-49
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Ask your friend to read and summarize Surrat a TaHa (20): 56-64
Summary- Enemys Accusations 20:56-64
Pharon rejects Saydna Musas message and two signs. In order to
continue to foster enmity between Saydna Musa and the chiefs of
his own people, Pharon tells them Saydna Musa is only a sorcerer
who is trying to take their land. Pharon challenges Saydna Musa
to a battle against his sorcerers. Pharon withdraws for a short
time and then returns with many sorcerers. The sorcerers after
seeing Saydna Musa and Haron said to Pharon, These are surely
two sorcerers who would drive you out from your land by their
enchantment (magic), and destroy your traditions.
Question: Why does Pharaon reject the signs when they are
clear?
Answer: Look back at ayah 63 for review. Ask your friend to look
at Surrat Al Baqarah (2):170. Discuss how Pharon and his chiefs
were willing to reject the Guidance and Signs of Allah for their
traditions. State we too must be careful not to sacrifice truth for
tradition. Do not push on this point. Let the Quran do most of the
talking.
3 ways Pharon and the chiefs sought to suppress the guidance
Accuses them of shaming their ancestors Accuses them of trying to take their land Accuses them of trying to destroy their traditions
Ask your friends to read and summarize Surrat aTaHa (20): 65-76
Summary-Saydna Musa battles the Enchanters 20:65-76
The sorcerers asked, Will you throw down or shall we? Saydna
Musa answers, you throw down! The sorcerers made their staffs
and ropes to appear as moving snakes. Saydna Musa was afraid
but Allah comforted him and commanded him to throw his staff.
It became a serpent and swallowed up their devices. Upon seeing
such powerful signs the sorcerers prostrated themselves crying:
We believe in the God of Haron and Saydna Musa. Pharaoh
enraged from their comments shouts, you dare believe in him
before I give you permission? This man[Saydna Musa] must be
your master who taught you witchcraft. Pharon then threatened
to punish them with horrible torture and crucifixion. The sorcerers
then replied, We cannot have greater faith in you than in the
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30The Great Sign
Saydna Musa
signs of which we have witnessed and in Him who has created us.
Therefore do your worst; you can punish us only in this present
life. We have put our faith in our Lord so that he might forgive us
our faults (khaTeeah)
Question: How do the sorcerers respond?
Answer: Just as Saydna Ibrahim
Believed (70) Submitted (72) Asked for and took the provision of mercy(73)
Note the similarity of the sorcerers and Saydna Ibrahim. The same
thing that made a prophet righteous made unbelieving enchanters
righteous. In Surrat Al-Araf (7):125-126 we see what else the
enchanters said, if you cause us to die, allow us to die as Muslims
(those who are completely submitted to Allahs will).
They continue in ayya 74 warning the Pharon. Pharon is seen
here as an unbeliever or as one who rejects Allahs guidance and
signs. The unbeliever may or may not reject the power of Allah
behind the sign but rather he refuses to believe, summit and
accept the provision of Allahs mercy. Here Pharon does both.
Support text: (if needed) 7:9, 36, and 40
Transition Question: So what are the Great Signs?
Answer: The Great Signs are the ten plagues and the blood of the
Passover lamb (which is the greatest). Reiterate that the Quran
over and over again exhorts us to pay attention to the signs
because the signs authenticate the guidance, and these are not
just signs but the Great Signs. (20:23)
Note: The Quran and Taurat might seem to initially disagree on
the number of plagues. This is not problematic however. TheQuran simply combines the death of the cattle and the death of
the first born as one sign (wide spread death) where as in the
Taurat they are stated separately.
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31The Great Sign
Saydna Musa
Invite your friend to read with you from Surrat Bani Israil (17):101
and Surrat Al Araaf (7):133. In Surrat Bani Israil the ayya
describes the number of plagues as 9. In Surrat Al Araaf there is a
description of some of the plagues although the list is notexhaustive. Niether the Quran nor the Taurat count Saydna
Musas hand becoming white and his rod turning to a serpent
among these particular signs.
The first two signs were enough for the enchanters to believe.
Pharaon still did not acknowledge Allahs guidance so He then
sent The Great Signs.
Question: What do you think was the greatest of the Great Signs?
The Taurat not only gives us many details on the ten great signsbut also says which one is greatest.
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Study Nine
Biblical Texts
Exodus 1:1-2:10
Key Principles
The Great Signs teachjudgment and mercy.
The Great Signs prove theprovision of mercy will
come through sacrifice.
Definitions
Deliver- To rescue or preserve
Plague- A calamity
Memorial- that which keeps alivethe memory of someone or
something
Key Question
What is the true meaning of the
greatest of The Great Signs?
Ask your friend to read Exodus 1:1-2:10 and summarize.
Summary-Pharons plot
Bani Israil came to Egypt as a 70 member family, Saydna Yusefs
family, to escape a great famine in the land. Now many years later
they have become the great nation Allah promised Saydna Ibrahim
with nearly 2 million members. A new pharaoh comes to power
who did not know Saydna Yusef (9).
The new pharon saw Bani Israil as a threat and plotted against
them.
Make them slaves Make midwives kill the Hebrew baby boys Make Egyptians kill the Hebrew baby boys
(Saydna Musa escaped)
Despite all of these plans, Bani Israil grew and multiplied.
Note: Exodus 1 and 2 depict the helpless situation of Bani Israil.
The people were bound. It also shows Saydna Musa being
delivered. His name even means one who was delivered (2:10).
Allah delivered him so that he would one day deliver his people.
It is not necessary to read all seven chapters about the plagues
from Exodus. If they are interested, however, allow them to read.
Each of the plagues was a specific attack on a specific false god the
Egyptians worshiped. With each of the Great Signs Allah showed
the Egyptian people that He is the only true God.
Ten Signs/Plagues Reference False god
Water to blood (7:20) Hapi, the father of gods, his symbol
is running water, oldest of all gods
Frogs (8:6) Heqt, the god of resurrection, head
of a frog
Lice (8:17) Hathor, the goddess of joy and love,she was protector of all women
Flies (8:24) Shu, the god of air, maintained
order and calm in the sky
Livestock
diseased
(9:6) Apis, the god of fertility, shape of a
cow
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Boils (9:10) Sekhmet, the goddess of war,
protector of good, destroyer of evil
Hail (9:23) Geb, the god of rich soil
Locusts (10:13) Serapis, the god of vegetation and
death
Darkness (10:22) Ra, the sun god
Death of the first
born
(12:29) Pharon and his oldest son both
considered gods
-all gods of Egypt (12:12)
Blood of the lamb (12:13)
With each sign the Pharon rejects, the severity of the plague
increases. Both are considered wholesale death. The first signs
are signs of judgment, or plagues. The last and greatest of the
Great Signs is a sign of deliverance including both judgment and
mercy.
Summary- The Great Sign of Deliverance-Exodus 11:112:36
Restored honor 11:1-10
Allah tells Saydna Musa that after the last plague Pharon will let
Bani Israil go. Allah restores their honor by commanding them to
take articles of silver and gold from all of their neighbors. And
because of these Great Signs Saydna Musa and Bani Israil were
seen as great in the land. Allah is making a distinction between
the Egypt and Bani Israil. Here Egypt is a sign representing all
unbelievers and Bani Israil is a sign representing all believers. The
people who take the guidance will have peace but those who do
not will have judgment. As with the previous signs of judgment,
Allah first reveals his plans to Saydna Musa. This time thejudgment is indeed great. The last plague was the death of the
first-born in every family of Egypt, even Pharons first-born. Allah
also tells Saydna Musa that Pharons heart will be hardened and
he will not submit. However, after his son is killed, Pharon will let
the people go.
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Instructions given 12:1-10
Because this sign is so important and momentous, before Allah
gives it He wants to establish a memorial feast for it. The people
must remember Allah so he sets it on their calendar.
Example: The salat is a type of memorial to help the Muslim
remember Allah and his great need for Allahs guidance and
mercy.
Remind your friend of the importance of receiving/taking. Saydna
Adam, Saydna Noah, and Saydna Ibrahim all received the mercy
Allah offered. Notice, however, in all three accounts the mercy did
them no good until they took it. Remind them of Surat Al Anam
(6):99 and 141. Allah sends down bountiful provisions but the
people remain hungry until they eat. In verses 3-7 the word take is
used four times. Allah is once again teaching us judgment iscoming but mercy is available for those who will take it.
The people are told specifically what to sacrifice, a spotless lamb in
its first year. Any flaw would render it unfit to represent a pure,
wholesome sacrifice given to Allah. In v.7 Bani Israil is told to put
some of the blood from the lamb on the doorposts of their houses.
Faith Required 12:11-13
Even before the sign authenticated the guidance the people acted
in obedience. This was also required of Saydna Musa getting on
the Ark before the rain came. Every person was required to be
fully dressed, with his sandals on his feet and staff in his hand. This
was to indicate that he was fully convinced that God was going to
deliver him that very night. While eating the meal as a family or
nation demonstrated their faith as a community, this act
demonstrated each individuals personal faith and trust in Allahs
promises. Allah says this is a sign so that no one will miss it or be
in doubt of its importance. The sign is not the lamb, but the blood
of the lamb. The blood represents the life of the lamb. The great
judgment was coming for both the Egyptians and Hebrews.
Something had to die from each household, if not the lamb, then
the first born son.
Question: So what is the greatest of the Great Signs?
The sign of the blood is mentioned in the Quran (7:133). It is the
greatest of the Great Signs.
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Question: Why is sacrifice so important? What does it teach us?
Answer: This is a rhetorical question. Answer before they do.
Key Point: As Saydna Ibrahims son was bound on the alter Bani
Israil is bound in slavery. This is a depiction of how every man is
bound by the evil inclinations in his heart. Just as a Ram was
sacrificed for the ransom of Saydna Ibrahims son (Genesis 22:13),
the lamb must be sacrificed for the freedom of Bani Israils sons.
Exodus 12:14-20
This is not necessary for our discussion but let them read it and
quickly note that this is a reminder to remember the signs of Allah.
Exodus 21-36
These verses will strengthen the point you just made. In verse 21
we see Saydna Musa encouraging the elders to pick out and take
a lamb. Previously the instructions were given. Now it is time to
follow those instructions. When Saydna Musa said pick out it
means to choose the very best. The word take is used again.
The people would go into the house, put the blood on the
doorposts and over the door, and stay inside the house. The lamb,
like Allah closing the door of the Fulk and malabis a taqwah, is
the provision and protection of Allah. (22-23)
The people were commanded to observe this true sign as well as
teach their children the true meaning of the sign. (26)
Questions: What is the true meaning of this Great Sign?
Answer: Allah provides mercy through blood sacrifices. That blood
sacrifice delivers us from the schemes of Iblis and the evil
inclinations we are bound by, just as the blood of the lamb
delivered Bani Israil from the oppression of Pharon and the bonds
of slavery.
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36The Victorious King
Saydna DaudStudy Ten
Quranic Text
Al Anam (6):84
Al Baqarah (2):251
Al Nisa (4):163Bani Israil (17):55
Supporting Quranic Text
Saad (38):26
Al Saba (34):10
Biblical Text
2 Samuel 17:8-17
Psalm 45
Psalm 22
Key Principles:
The Seed is
Howas descendant Saydna Dauds
descendant
A coming victorious Kingwhose throne is
established forever by
Allah
Definitions:
Messiah- one anointed with oil
symbolizing the reception of the
Holy Spirit enabling him to do the
task Allah has given him
Prophecy- Speaking forth the mindand counsel of Allah. It is also
called foretelling.
Foreshadow-To provide clues forthe reader to be able to predict
what might occur later in the story
Key Question:
1. What special knowledgedid Allah give Saydna
Daud?2. Who is the Victorious
King?
Begin by briefly reviewing the messages the prophets have
brought at this point. Saydna Adam and Saydna Noah showed us
that because of our enemy, Iblis, and our evil inclinations, we
cannot cover our own shame but must receive Allahs mercy for
inner righteousness or taqwa. Without Allahs mercy we cannot
enter Malakut Allah. Allah sends hudaa/guidance through the
prophets to show us how to be righteous and take the mercy Allah
offers us. Habil, Saydna Ibrahim, and Saydna Musa show us that,
in order, to become righteous and walk the Surrat Al Mustaqim,
we must believe, submit and receive the provision of mercy Allah
sends. We also see that provision of mercy comes through
sacrifice.
Then open the Quran to Surrat Al Anam (6):84. Read it together.
Here Saydna Daud is numbered among the prophets as having
received guidance or hudaa, from Allah.
Then ask them to read from Surrat Al Baqarah (2):251. Here
Saydna Daud obeys Allahs guidance and kills Goliath, Jaalut,
defeating his army. Allah grants him a kingdom, wisdom and
knowledge. This wisdom and knowledge is from Allah and it is
specifically of things Allah wills.
Question: So what do you think the special knowledge Allah gave
Saydna Daud is?
Answer: Discuss their thoughts. Then go to Surrat Al Nisa (4):163.
This special knowledge is the Zabur which contained:
Praises of Allah Words of wisdom Prophecies
Question: What is prophecy?
Answer: Speaking forth the mind and counsel of Allah. It is also
called foretelling. So the Zabur is made up of praises, words of
wisdom and prophecies.
Moving on to Surrat Bani Israil (17):55, have them read it in Arabic
as you follow along in English. Comment that some prophets
came with more revelation than others. Specifically Saydna Daud
is mentioned in this text as one coming with a great revelation, the
Zabur. Lets look at why the Zabur is so special.
Read II Samuel 7:8-17. These verses take place sometime after
Saydna Daud has killed Jaalut and Allah is giving him a promise.
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Summary:
(8-11) Promises to Saydna Daud to be fulfilled during his lifetime.
A great name Appointed a place for Bani Israil Rest from enemies
(12-17) Promises to Saydna Daud to be fulfilled after his death.
A son to sit on the national throne Allah would oversee him Allah would discipline him Allah would give him mercy
A throne established forever Through a descendant from his body
Ask your friend to summarize and discuss what they think.
Foreshadowing provides clues for the reader to be able to predict
what might occur later in the story. In this text Allah is making
promises to Saydna Daud in reference to his son, Solimaan and
those who would come after him, in a temporal sense. However,
He is also talking about something deeper, foreshadowing
something to come. Twice in the text (vs. 13 and 16) Allah
promises to establish his throne forever through Saydna Dauds
seed. We see from these verses that this scripture is talking about
an heir on two levels. First, it refers to all of Saydna Dauds
descendants. Second, it is speaking of one specific descendant.
Allahs relationship with Saydna Dauds descendants as a whole isa picture or ayya/sign of Allahs relationship with one very special
descendant of his. At this point go back and review the prophecy
given in Genesis 3:15 of a seed of the woman who would come
and restore humanitys honor. This is the very first prophecy ever
mentioned.
So at this point we know that this seed is:
An heir of Howa An heir of Saydna Daud
Another reason the Zabur is so special is specifically because of themany other prophecies concerning this promised seed. Lets
look at some of these and see further this special knowledge of
what Allah willed(2:251). Read of few of the ayyat from the
Zabur. Begin in Psalm 45:1-9. This chapter is a song of praise to
Allah and prophecy concerning the seed, which would come and
establish the throne forever (vs 6). (Remember 2 Sam) In this
poem, the
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38The Victorious King
Saydna Daud
seed is the King, Mighty One, and the Anointed One. This
King will triumph over his enemies. This King will love
righteousness and hate wickedness. He has a righteous authority
from Allah that will not end.
Move to Psalm 2. Read and Summarize. The nations and rulers of
the Earth will plot against this King to overthrow him. However,
since Allah has established his throne forever, their plots are in
vain. In verse six we see the King will rule from Jerusalem, Zion.
This affirms the King here as the seed of Saydna Daud. He will
triumph over all his enemies and Allah will give him all the nations.
In verse 7 we are reminded of the promise Allah gave to Saydna
Daud when He said that He would be like a Father to his
descendants. Here Allah says it even more strongly by referring to
the closeness of the relationship between He and this King says,
You are My Son, Today I have begotten you. In the originallanguage the word begotten means adopted and implies no
physical or biological relationship at all. Because the King is also a
son, Allah gives him an inheritance, the nations. He will be King of
the World, Khalifat Allah.
Question: Who do you think is this Victorious King of the World?
Answer: Lets look in Psalm 2:2 and 45:7 where he is called the
Anointed One. Because of these ayyat and many more like them,
the Jews came to call this victorious king who would come from
the seed of Saydna Daud, the Annointed One or Al Massieh.Messiah refers to one anointed with oil symbolizing the reception
of the Holy Spirit enabling him to do the task Allah has given him.
For example, kings, priests and prophets were often anointed in
the Taurat. However, this Messiah who was to come would have
an everlasting kingdom.
When you read the following verses have your friend, as always,
read them in Arabic and you follow along in English.
Surrat Al Imran (3):45 Jesus is the Messiah
Surrat Al Baqarah(2):87 Jesus is strengthened by the Holy Spirit
Surrat Al Baqarah (2):253 Jesus is exalted above other prophets
and strengthened by the Holy Spirit
Surrat Al Maidah (5):110 Jesus is strengthened by the Holy Spirit
Matthew 1:1- Jesus is the son of David
Matthew 1:17-Jesus is the son of David
Luke 1:31-33- Allah will give him the throne of David, his father
and his kingdom will never end.
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39The Victorious King
Saydna DaudStudy Eleven
Quranic Text
Surrat Al Amran(3):45
Al Ahzaab(33):69
Biblical Text
Psalm 22
Isaiah 53:1-12
Matt 27:27-46
Definitions:
Wajeh- the most noble one who
helps to reconcile two parties
Key Points:
The seed
Will be tested by Allah,suffer, and be victorious.
Will be the corban, savinghis people from their
sins/shame.
The wajeh in this life andthe life to come.
Key Question:
1. How does the Zabur saythe King will be tested?
2. Why is the Victorious Kingtested?
The last time we studied we saw that Allah gave Saydna Daud the
Zabur and in it special knowledge of a victorious king who would
come from the line of Saydna Daud and have an everlasting
kingdom. The Victorious King is also called the Anointed One and
thus given the name Al Massieh. In day two we will see that like
Saydna Ibrahim , the Victorious King will be tested. If he succeeds
he will be given a kingdom, restore honor to humanity and dispose
of our shame.
Tell your friend that in Psalm 22 we see how Al Massieh is tested.
Let your friend read Psalm 22.
Question: How does the Zabur say the King will be tested?
Summary: This is a prophecy concerning the physical, mental andemotional pain while being tested by Allah. He submits unto
death and restores the honor of humanity that Saydna Adam lost.
Specific details foretold:
(1-2) Here the Victorious King is being tested and is surrounded by
his enemy who are hurting him terribly. He calls out to Allah
asking for help but feels abandoned by Allah.
(3-5) Although he feels abandoned he does not give into this
emotion but praises the truth of who Allah is saying that Allah is
faithful and has proven himself faithful to his forefathers.
(6-8) These verses are not how he sees himself but how the
people see him. He feels the scorn of his enemy. They taunt andridicule him. Point out verse 8 again. The enemy says that if he
really is Allahs Anointed One, wouldnt Allah save him?
(9-13) Although the enemy is surrounding him like a lion or
powerful bull about to attack, he praises Allah confidently in the
midst of the test. In essence he is saying Allah, you are the only
one who can help me and you are the only one I trust.
(14-18) These verses describe graphically the immense physical
pain of the test. His vitality, strength and courage have left him. It
is a very specific foretelling of Al Massiehs crucifixion.
(19-31) Again we see the depth of the trust Al Massieh had for
Allah even in the midst of great testing. These verses are a song
of praise.
After reading this, read from the Matt 27:27-46
Remind your friend that this prophecy came a thousand years (28
generations) before Saydna Isa was born. Use Matt 27:27-46 to
point back to the prophecy in Psalms.
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40The Victorious King
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My God, My God, why have You forsaken
Me?
Psalm 22:1 Matt 27:46
I am. . .a reproach of men Psalm 22:6 Matt 27:39-44
He trusted in the Lord, let Him rescue
him. Let Him deliver him since He
delights in him!
Psalm 22:8 Matt 27:43
They pierced my hands and feet Psalm 22:16 Matt 27:16
They divided My garments among them,
And for My clothing they cast lots.
Psalm 22:18 Matt 27:35
Note: Crucifixion carried out by the Roman government in the
time of Saydna Isa was considered the most shameful and
disgraceful way to die. The goal of Roman crucifixion was not just
to kill the criminal, but also to mutilate and dishonor the body of
the condemned.
Specific details: The length of time required to reach death could
range from a matter of hours to a number of days, depending on
exact methods, the prior health of the condemned and
environmental circumstances. Death could result from any
combination of causes, including blood loss, shock from trauma or
blood loss (hypovolemic), or bacterial infection (sepsis), caused by
the scourging that preceded the crucifixion, asphyxiation, or by
the process of being nailed itself, or eventual dehydration.Normally, death from crucifixion was a combination of all of these.
Psalm 22:14-16 provide a vivid description of what the crucifixion
itself looked like for Al Massieh.
Bones out of joint describes the weight of his bodypulling his shoulders out of their sockets.
My heart is like wax melting within me describes thepain he felt in his chest as he struggled to breathe.
My tongue clings to my jaw describes the dehydrationhe was experiencing.
They pierce my hands and feet describes how theybound him to the cross. The congregation of the wicked has enclosed me. . .
surrounded me describes the team of Roman soldiers
torturing the condemned with the Jews watching.
Dividing my garments describes the manner in which hewas hung (naked) and the depth of his humiliation.
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Question: Why would Allah allow the Anointed One to undergo
such a humiliating and painful trial?
Answer: Again, the answer to this question is found in prophecy
concerning the Victorious King that was written nearly 800 years
before he was born.
Ask your friend to read with you Isaiah 53:1-12. Let him read
aloud in Arabic as you follow along in English. In light of all weve
discovered about Al Masseih it should be easy for your friend to
see that these verses relate to him. If they do not see it however,
ask them who it is. Let them discover it themselves. After you
read these verses allow your friend to summarize.
(1-3) Despite all the prophecy given about Al Massieh some willstill not believe or follow him. Specifically, the Jews. In verse one,
the arm of the Lord means Allah will reveal his strength and
restore honor to Al Massieh, who is despised by men.
(4-12) Al Massieh did not suffer for his own sin but for the
transgressions of My people.(8) Though he was seen as one
cursed by Allah, it was the sin of the people which cursed him.(4)
He was innocent and without shame (9) yet at Allahs will he
submitted unto death. (7-10) Allah rewards him with a great
reward.
Question: Ask again, why did Allah allow the Anointed One toundergo such a humiliating and painful trial?
Answer: The answer is found in the phrase, on him. It is used 10
times in verses 4-12.
Question: What was put on him?
Answer: Take your time. Go through the verses and encourage
your friend to list all the different answers. Some include: griefs,
sorrows, sickness, affliction, wounds, transgressions, iniquity, sin,
judgments. . .
Key Point: All these things point to the disobedience and shame of
man and his inability to cover his own disobedience and shame.
So Allah made Al Massieh an offering (10) so that he would justify
many and bear their iniquities.(11) He is the Passover Lamb
spoken of in the great sign of deliverance.
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42The Victorious King
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Read and discuss Surrat Al Amran(3):45 with your friend. Focus on
the latter part of the ayya which reads, whose name is Messiah,
Iesa, son of Maryam, worthy of regard in this life and in the life to
come, and of those who are closest to Allah. The Arabic word,
wajeh, means nobility, prestige, and superiority. This phrase is
used only of Saydna Musa in reference to in this world in Al
Ahzaab 33:69. He was called the wajeh because he was the
superior one among Bani Israil and reconciled them back to Allah.
Note: Tell the story from Exodus 32:5-14. Point out how Saydna
Musa interceded for Bani Israil and reconciled them back to Allah.
Draw it back to the definition of a wajeh and add that, for the
same reasons Saydna Isa was called the wajeh, in this life and in
the life to come.
Since this phrase is only used of him, he is the most nobleand closest to Allah. He is the great and victorious King.
Also, wajeh is used to depict a family representative.The wajeh of a family is the best (not possessing offense)
and represents the core values of the family. If there is a
dispute between two parties in the family they call on the
wajeh to mediate between the two and bring about
reconciliation. An example of this is the jaahah. The
jaahah is a custom where the groom takes the wajeh
to the bride-to-bes family and the wajeh actually is the
one to ask