MEP

Unit 6 Review & ContinuationUnit 6 Review & Continuation

• This review will help you remember what you learned about the Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt.

• It will cover the region, the countries, and the major landforms.

• It will also review the major religions, historical & current events.

• If time permits, it will introduce new material.

• This review will help you remember what you learned about the Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt.

• It will cover the region, the countries, and the major landforms.

• It will also review the major religions, historical & current events.

• If time permits, it will introduce new material.

MEP

North/South HemispheresNorthernHemisphereNorthernHemisphere

SouthernHemisphereSouthernHemisphere

EquatorEquator

MEP

East/West Hemispheres

EasternHemisphere

EasternHemisphere

WesternHemisphere

WesternHemisphere

Prime MeridianPrime Meridian

MEP

What region are we studying?What region are we studying?

Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt

MEP

Countries

1

3

2

4

5

6

7 8 9

10

11

12

13

141516

TurkeyTurkey

LebanonLebanon

IsraelIsrael

JordanJordan

EgyptEgypt

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

YemenYemenOmanOman United Arab

EmiratesUnited Arab

Emirates

QatarQatar

BahrainBahrain

KuwaitKuwait

IranIran

AfghanistanAfghanistanIraqIraqSyriaSyria

The countries are….

MEP

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 8

9

10

11

12

13

1415Black SeaBlack Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Dead SeaDead Sea

Nile RiverNile River

Gulf of SuezGulf of Suez

Red SeaRed Sea

Gulf of AdenGulf of Aden Arabian SeaArabian Sea

Gulf of OmanGulf of Oman

Strait of HormuzStrait of Hormuz

Persian GulfPersian Gulf

Shat al ArabShat al Arab

Tigris RiverTigris River

Euphrates RiverEuphrates RiverCaspian SeaCaspian Sea

The waterways are…

MEP

Middle East Map

MEP

Sahara facts:• “Sahara” means “desert”

• 2nd largest desert in the world

• Hottest desert in the world

• Almost same size as continental U.S.

• 25% is covered with sand

MEP

Sahara Map: Satellite

The Sahara

What is an “oasis”?What is a “wadi”?What is “desertification”?Answer these questions…

MEP

Arabian Desert

What mountains?

What desert?Rub al Khali

Zagros Mountains

. .

MEP

The Persian Gulf

What strait is this?

.

Strait of Hormuz

MEP

U.A.E.

United Arab Emirates

MEP

Qatar & Bahrain: Satellite

Qatar

Bahrain

. .

MEP

Kuwait

MEP

Sinai: Satellite

MEP

Dead Sea: Satellite

• 2nd Saltiest body of water• 1300’ below sea level• Fed by Jordan River• Part of Great Rift Valley

Jordan River

The Dead Sea

. . . . . .

MEP

Black Sea: Satellite

The Black Sea

MEP

Caspian Sea

MEP

Bosporus Strait Istanbul, Turkey

.

MEP

Turkey: Satellite

What are these mountains?The Taurus Mountains!!

. . .

MEP

Turkey Snow: Satellite

MEP

Marmara: SatelliteWhat sea?What sea?

What sea?What sea?

Okay…what sea?Okay…what sea?

Aegean SeaAegean Sea

Black SeaBlack Sea

Sea of MarmaraSea of Marmara

Alright…for a “Smartie”:What strait is this?Alright…for a “Smartie”:What strait is this?

Bosporus StraitBosporus Strait

One more chance…What’s this strait?One more chance…What’s this strait?

DardanellesDardanelles

. . . . .

MEP

Mt. Ararat & Little Ararat

Mount Ararat Little Ararat

MEP

Sinai & Near East Satellite

Gulf of Aqaba

Mediterranean Sea

Dead Sea

Suez Canal

Red Sea

Nile RiverGulf of Suez

1

2

3

45

6

7

Can you name these places….?

MEP

Nile: Satellite

The Nile River….lifeblood of Egypt.

MEP

Blue & White Nile: Map

.

MEP

Muslim Distribution

MEP

OasesSmall Oasis: 400 yards by 1 mile.

Large Oasis: 12 miles by 50 miles!

MEP

Wadi

Wadi: A dry, riverbed that fills after rain.

MEP

Aral SeaThe

Aral Sea

MEP

Aral Sea (Lake)

The death of a sea…

….once the 4th largest lake in the world in 1957…

MEP

The Aral Sea…why is it dying?

2003

1982

Biological weapons facility.

. . . .

MEP

Dead Sea Salt

MEP

Desertification is…

• Turning productive land into unproductive land.

• Caused by…

• The “Dust Bowl” in the U.S. during the 1930’s• The Aral Sea• Rural China

- Overgrazing of livestock- Excessive cultivation of crops- Poor water management- Overpopulation

• Examples:

MEP

The Dust Bowl

The U.S. Great Plains during the 1930’s…

MEP

Aswan High Dam 3

MEP

Aswan High Dam 2

MEP

Aswan & Egypt Map

MEP

Aswan High Dam: The Good & the Bad

• Hydroelectric power (15% of Egyptian needs)• Prevents floods (floods occurred every year)• Provide water for agriculture

• Reduced water flow = more salt in river

Pros:

Cons:

• Nutrients stopped at the dam– Poor soil along the lower Nile = more

fertilizers = contamination– Poor fishing in the Mediterranean

. . . . . Cairo

MEP

End of Part I

MEP

Ancient Egypt

• One of the great civilizations and one of the 5 “cultural hearths”.

• Recorded history from 5000 BC

• Home of the Great Pyramids & the Sphinx

MEP

Map of Ancient Egypt & the Nile

1

2

3

The Nile

4

MEP

What were the rulers ofEgypt called?

Pharaohs

Pharaoh is Greek for “great house” which meantthe temple and the ruler inside.

MEP

The Pharaohs:

More than 170 rulers of Egypt for over 3000 years.

Akhenaten: Son of Amenhotep III. Told his people only he would talk to God. Kicked out the priests.

Amenhotep III: Ruled for 39 years (died at age 50).

King Tut: The boy king and son of Akhenaten. Became pharaoh at age 8 or 9. Died at 18 or 19. Married with 2 still-born children.Cleopatra: The last Pharaoh: she was the famous Queen that loved a Roman General: Mark Antony (he killed himself when he heard (falsely) that Cleopatra was dead. Cleopatra then killed herself by a snake bite).

Khufu: (Cheops) Built the biggest pyramid.

Ramses II: The warrior-king. Became pharaoh at age 20 and ruled for 67 years.

MEP

King Tut’s death mask

MEPKing Tut’s coffin….solid gold.

MEP

King Tut wrapped up

MEP

King Tut unwrapped

MEP Pyramids

King Tut’s chair….covered with gold.Shows a picture of him and his wife.

MEP

Cheops Pyramid 1The Great Pyramid of Cheops

MEP

Cheops 2• Built for Cheops…ruler of Egypt in 2500 B.C. (Ruled for only 23 years)

• 480 feet high

• 6.8 million tons of limestone (2 million blocks)

• Originally flat with white sides!

• Built by skilled workers as part of their “taxes”

• Construction took 80 years

• Each side faces a cardinal direction (North, South, etc.)

MEP

Sphinx & Pyramid 1

MEP

Sphinx & Pyramid 2

Egyptians believed the sphinx guarded the temple gates and the “underworld”.

MEP

Sphinx & Pyramid 3

MEP

AbuSimbel 1

Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel

MEP

Temple of Hathor

Temple of Hathor at Abu Simbel

MEP

The Nile

Why was it important to the ancient Egyptians?

Which direction does it flow? …to the north.

1. Earliest gathering place of nomads.

2. Source of fresh water for all their basic needs.

3. Source of “alluvial soil” for their crops.

Trivia: What was a “nilometer”?

A device to measure water flow on the Nile.

MEP

Two Nilometers used in ancient Egypt

MEP

Cairo & Nile 1

The Nile runs through Cairo

MEP

Cairo & Nile 2

MEP

Cairo & Nile 3

MEP

Cairo & hajib

Cairo street withMuslim womanwearing a “hajib”.

MEP

Luxor Avenue

Avenue to temple lined with Ramses II and an obelisk.

MEP

Ramses II

MEP

More Luxor ruins

More ruins at Luxor

MEP

Luxor again

They worshipped snakes!

Egypt

MEP

Colossi at Hemnon

The Collosi of Memnon • Stood in front of an ancient Egyptian temple

MEP

Buildings at LuxorRuins at Luxor

hiero

The sun god: Ra

Notice the hieroglypics

These ancient Egyptianhieroglyphics couldn’tbe read prior to the early1800’s!

MEP

…in a pyramid!

There are more than 100 pyramids in Egypt…

….but only a few are famous.

Where did they find King Tut?

Pyramids

MEP

Step Pyramid 1

Step Pyramid 1

The “Step” pyramid wasthe first of all the pyramids.

P

What does it remind you of?

The Aztecs:

Temple of the Moon

…In Mexico!!

MEP

Maidum Pyramid 2Maidum Pyramid 2

Pyramids

The Maidum pyramid was the 2nd pyramid built. This picture only shows a portion since the bottom is covered with tons of sand.

MEP

Bent Pyramid 3Bent Pyramid 3

The “Bent” Pyramid was the 3rd pyramid built. Pyramids

MEP

Red Pyramid 4Red Pyramid 4

The 1st “true” pyramid is the “Red” Pyramid.

The pyramid was made of red limestone.

Egyptologists have found the names of the work gangs on some of the stones.

Pyramids

MEP

Giza Pyramids 5

Pyramids

MEP

Hieroglyphics

Spider pig, spider pig, Spider pig, spider pig,

Does whatever a

Spider pig does.

does whatever a

spider pig does.

The following was found on the walls of thetomb of Pharaoh Homeratu, near the

ancient city: Field of the Springs:

MEP

Okay…how did they figure out what all those pictures were?

MEP

The Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone

Written in 196 B.C.

Written in three languages.

Written by the priests to honor the pharaoh and toproclaim all the good things he had done

Found in 1799 by theFrench while building afort.

Translated, primarily, bya French scholar thatcould read Greek & Coptic

Now it can be seen in theBritish museum.

MEP

Rosetta Stone 2

Hieroglypics (Language of the religion)

Demotic(Common language)

Greek(Language of the Rulers)

MEP

How to read hieroglyphics:

• Hieroglyphics are pictures that equal sounds. • It is phonetic…no unnecessary letters!• It uses almost NO vowels. • Combine pictures to make words.

• Water = W T R = W T R

MEP

Now it’s your turn!

MEP