Mental Functioning Ontology and the ICF

Barry SmithOctober 1, 2012

Basic Formal Ontology

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BFO:Entity

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent

BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant

BFO

BFO:Dependent Continuant

BFO:Disposition

Basic Formal Ontology and Mental Functioning Ontology (MFO)

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BFO:Entity

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent

BFO:Process

Organism

BFO:Independent Continuant

BFOMFO

BFO:Dependent Continuant

Behaviour inducing state

Mental Functioning Related Anatomical

Structure

Cognitive Representation

BFO:Quality

Affective Representation

Mental Process

Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition

Basic Formal Ontology and Mental Functioning Ontology (MFO)

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BFO:Entity

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent

BFO:Process

Organism

BFO:Independent Continuant

BFOMFO

BFO:Dependent Continuant

Behaviour inducing state

Mental Functioning Related Anatomical

Structure

Cognitive Representation

BFO:Quality

Affective Representation

Mental Process

Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition

Functions vs. FunctioningsContinuants vs. Occurrents

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BFO:Entity

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent

BFO:Process

Organism

BFO:Independent Continuant

BFOMFO

BFO:Dependent Continuant

Mental Function

Cognitive Representation

BFO:QualityMental Process

Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition

Mental Functioning

Aboutness (‘Intentionality’)

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BFO:Entity

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent

BFO:Process

Organism

BFO:Independent Continuant

BFOMFO

BFO:Dependent Continuant

Mental Function

Cognitive Representation

BFO:QualityMental Process

Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition

Mental Functioning

does all mental functioning involve cognitive representation (aboutness)?

what is aboutness?

Mental Functioning Ontology (MF)

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Linguistic Functioning Ontology (1. Speech and hearing)

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BFO:Entity

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent

BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant

BFOMFO

BFO:Dependent Continuant

Behaviour inducing state

Cognitive Representation

BFO:Quality

Speech-mediated cognitive

representation

Speech process

Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition

Linguistic competence

Speech competence of a population

= a [spoken] languageSpeech competence of

an individual

Hearing (registering)

process

Linguistic Functioning Ontology (2. Reading and writing)

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BFO:Entity

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent

BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant

BFOMFO

BFO:Dependent Continuant

Behaviour inducing state

Cognitive Representation

BFO:Quality

Written-language-mediated cognitive

representation

Writing process

Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition

Linguistic competence

Written linguistic competence of a

population = a [written] language

Written linguistic competence of an

individual

Reading (registering)

process

Linguistic Functioning Ontology (the whole thing)

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BFO:Entity

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent

BFO:ProcessBFO:Independent Continuant

BFOMFO

BFO:Dependent Continuant

Behaviour inducing state

Cognitive Representation

BFO:Quality

Language-mediated cognitive

representation

Writing

Bodily ProcessBFO:Disposition

Linguistic competence

Linguistic competence of a population

= a language Linguistic competence of an individual

Reading

Speaking

How to build MF±Language

First idea: Along what dimensions human beings can depart from normal (‘canonical’) mental and linguistic functioning?

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http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/45578/

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from WHO | World Health Organization

For ICD mental function is a subtype of body function

ICD definition of ‘Body functions’: Body functions are the physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions).

Impairments are problems in body function or structure as a significant deviation or loss.

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http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/45578/

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http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/45578/

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Definition of ‘Mental Functions’

Definitions: 'This chapter is about the functions of the brain: both global mental functions, such as consciousness, energy and drive, and specific mental functions, such as memory, language and calculation mental functions.'

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Quality ≠ Function

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Dreaming?

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http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/F44.8

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http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/45578/

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http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/45578/

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Ontological traffic rule:always use singular nouns 27

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Mental Functioning Ontology (MF)

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Mental Functioning Ontology (MF)

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Definitions: 'Specific mental functions of focusing on an external stimulus or internal experience for the required period of time.'

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Mental Functioning Ontology (MF)

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braininendocrine

gland

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Mental Functioning Ontology (MF)

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Mental Functioning Ontology (MF)

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braininolfactory system

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Mental Functioning Ontology (MF)

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braininolfactory system

Again, confusion of function and quality40

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Integrative language functionsDefinitions: 'Mental functions that organize semantic and symbolic meaning, grammatical structure and ideas for the production of messages in spoken, written or other forms of language.'

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WHO ICF Pro

Performs an amazingly difficult task of unifying public data across the planet (Versions in 5 different languages, plus Youth Version)Serves billing task in US

43http://apps.who.int/classifications/icfbrowser/

44http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/icf/

WHO ICF Con

Use of ‘other’ and other features make it is not future proof (will not evolve gracefully with advances in neurosciencePoor or absent definitions will mean inconsistent annotation of dataLack of logical definitions would mean poor support for computational reasoning with data that is annotated

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Strategy for MF Ontology

• Ensure that the ontology is developed in conformity with basic biology ontologies such as the Gene Ontology

• Provide human-readable definitions for each term to ensure consistent annotation

• Provide logical definitions to support reasoning with data

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http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/49078/

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Examples fromMF-Emotion Ontology

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‘emotion process’

need link to a physiology ontology49

‘physiological response to emotion’