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Mengapa Video Conference ?

April 2012

Wihnanto Nugroho

Agenda Training

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Pengenalan

Network

H323 Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy

MCU

Break

Streaming dan Archiement

H.323 Endpoints

Kodisi Ruangan dan Lingkungan

Video Conference Etika

Kebiasaan saat Video Conference

Penggunaan di Pemerintahan dan Departemen

Kuis dan Tanya Jawab

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Pengenalan

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Sesi Apa dan Bagaimana ?

Sesi ini adalah hanya sebagai masukan dari Anda tentang pengalaman dan pertanyaan apapun

Tidak ada pertanyaan yang salah ataupun memalukan !

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Apakah Video Conference ?

A real-time data video, pertukaran informasi dua atau lebih secara geografis lokasi menggunakan data audio, video dan aplikasi video.

Ini bukan web conferencing, video chat, casting web, atau streaming

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Perbedaan Teknologi

Standards-based:– H.320: videoconferencing dengan media ISDN

lines– H.321: videoconferencing media ADSL– H.323: videoconferencing dengan media

kompresi packet-based IP– SIP: multimedia multicast transmissions via IP

Saat ini digunakan lebih dalam Voice over transmisi IP, tetapi perlahan-lahan bergerak ke dalam dunia videoconference

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Perbedaan Teknologi

Not Standards-based:– Access Grid (AG)– Virtual Room VideoConferencing System (VRVS)– DVTS- SCCP- TIP

Beberapa teknologi telah membuat atau menciptakan interoperabilitas dengan H.323

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Conferencing vs. Broadcasting

Conferencing Live Video Seperti panggilan

telepon Two-way / dua arah Memanggil dan

memutuskan panggilan

Broadcasting Live atau on demand Serti Televisi, ada

Channel One-way / searah Tune-in atau URL Streaming Webcasting

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Standards

International Telecommunications Union ( ITU ) melakukan ratifikasi dan standarisasi dalam berkomunikasi dan membuat kesinambungan antar teknologi seperti; H323

Berbagai macam pihak dan vendor melakukan kajian standarisasi dan dimengikuti panduan bagaimana mengembangkan teknologi tersebut.

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H.320 ISDN vs. H.323 IP

H.320 ISDN Harus terhubung ke

PSTN Biaya yang besar untuk

setiap line Sambungan berbayar Tidak semua Provider

menyediakan layanan ini dan tidak semua tempat

H.323 IP Dengan media IP baik

Internet atau VPN Fix cost dari biaya ISP Mudah untuk di

aplikasikan dan mudah untuk di maanfaatkan dengan jalur data

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H.323 Standard

H.323 adalah acuan stadarisasi untuk pengelompokan dan pengaturan teknologi– Audio

G.711, G.722, G.722.1, G.723.1, G.728, G.729

– Video H.264, H.263, H.261

– Data H.239, T.120

– Tambahan : Call Control, Directories, Transversal Call

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Jenis Video Algorithms

H.261 adalah protokol standar paling lama di gunakan– Aloritma paling lama dari tahun 1990 dan

biasanya di gunakan ISDN/ H.320

H.263 adalah protokol dikembangan untuk koneksi video via line telephone– Dimulia tahun 1995 dan dikembangkan untuk

video asymetris

H.264 dikenal dengan MPEG-4– Dimulai dari pengembangan broadcast awal 2003

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Bagaimana ini menjadi penting ?

Setiap algoritma codec video memberikan pengembangan yang lebih baik dari pengolahan kompresi dan dan kualitas

Setiap codec baru memberikan kualitas video yang lebih baik pada kecepatan rendah, Ini berarti bahwa 768 kbps panggilan menggunakan video H.261 tampak sebagai baik sebagai 384 kbps panggilan menggunakan video H.264

Hal ini dapat membuat tampilan berbasis satelit konferensi video sama baiknya dengan teresterial ( FO atau Radio )

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Video Tambahan H.239

H.239 adalah standar protocol untuk melakukan pengiriman 2 source video yang berbeda “duo-video” atau “people+content”

Memungkinkan gambar VGA di transmisikan melalui videoconference dengan resolusi 1024x768

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Komponen Unit Sistem H.323

Network– backbone dari panggilan H.323

H323 Gatekeepers dan SIP Proxy– Pengendali dan pengaturan sinyal perangkat

endpoint H.323

Multipoint Control Units (MCU)– Perangkat network yang memungkinkan

melakukan sesi video secara bersamaan

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Komponen Unit Sistem H.323

Terminals/Endpoints– Perangkat H.323 Video Conference

Streaming dan Archiement– Pengembangan untuk media satu arah konten

gambar dan suara

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Networkdan Bandwith

Backbone Quality for Successfull Conferencing

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Pengkabelan dan Akses Kabel

3rd floor

Ethernet switch horizontal wiring station cable devicedatajack

iMac

Biasanya menggunakan kabel unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) :

• CAT 3 [old] supports 10 Mbps Ethernet (10base-T)• CAT 5 [modern] supports 10base-T, 100 Mbps (100base-

TX) and 5e supports 1000 Mbps (1000base-T) Ethernet • CAT 6 [new] supports CAT 5 applications +

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Pengkabelan dan Akses Kabel

Kualitas dan penggunaan berpengaruh terhadap transmisi– pastikan kebutuhan kabel UTP anda!

Penting untuk memperhatikan• Jangan menggunakan kabel sub-CAT 5 untuk kecepatan diatas 100 Mbps

• Silver Satin CAT 5 untuk Telephone bukan Video.

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Ethernet LAN

Bandwidths di LAN adalah 10 / 100 / 1000 Mbps Full- dan Half-Duplex

– Half-duplex: mengirimkan dan menerima pada pair jalur yang sama, peralatan hanya dapat mengirim atau menerima pada satu waktu, dan harus mempehatikan coalision dan paket-paket dari perangkat lain.

– Full-duplex: mengirimkan dan menerima pada pair jalur yang sama, peralatan hanya dapat mengirim atau menerima pada waktu yang berbeda , peralatan dapat mengirim dan menerima secara simultan dan tidak perlu memperhatikan paket data.

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Ethernet LAN

– full-duplex is not consistently implemented on old 10 Mbps Ethernet equipment – test before your conference to be sure it works.

– 100 Mbps supports half- and full-duplex.– Modern devicescan auto-sense speed and duplex.

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LAN: Switches vs. Hubs

Hubs (repeaters) sifatnya hanya memperkuat sinyal.

Repeater mengirimkan (mengulangi) paket yang datang pada satu port ke port lain. coalision terjadi, dan sehingga hanya dapat beroperasi dalam modus half-duplex.

Bandwidth dibagi di antara semua perangkat dan coalision transmisi menyebabkan jitter.

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LAN: Switches vs. Hubs

Switch adalah perangkat yang berdasarkan pengalamatan yang terhubung, dan mengirimkan paket secara langsung dan hanya untuk target titik akhir.

Karena hanya 2 endpoint dapat berbicara (tidak ada colaision), mereka berdua bisa berbicara pada waktu yang sama (full duplex).

Menyediakan bandwidth yang lebih konsisten dan latency (jitter rendah).Switch lebih diutamakan untuk videoconference

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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex

Salah satu penyebab paling umum dari masalah performa pada link Ethernet 10/100Mb adalah ketika satu port pada link beroperasi pada half-duplex sedangkan port lainnya beroperasi pada full-duplex.

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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex

Jika salah satu ujung sambungan diatur untuk auto-negosiasi dan gagal melihat auto-negosiasi di ujung lain, standar mengharuskan akhir otomatis bernegosiasi mengatur dirinya sendiri ke default half-duplex. Jika perangkat lain ditetapkan untuk full duplex, kualitas video akan turun

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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex

Yakinkan untuk sistem Video Conference memiliki ketidakteraturan yang memungkinkan r memilih kecepatan full dan half- duplex menjadi AUTO, Pastikan Anda memiliki kecepatan ethernet saat ini yakni 100m atau 1000m.

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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex

switch device switch device

auto auto auto autohalf half half halffull full full full

auto full BAD! half fullfull auto BAD! full half

auto half half halfhalf auto half half

SETTINGS RESULTS

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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex

Rekomendasi:

–Jangan menggunakan HUB untuk system videoconferencing.

–Jika kabel dalam gedung adalah CAT 5 atau lebih baik, maka port switch mengatur dan perangkat untuk 100/full, kecepatan ini lebih didukung oleh switch dan perangkat.

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Router

Menyediakan sambungan ke WAN atau Internet.

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WAN Segments

Service Speed Sample Uses

T1 1.5 Mbps remote building; extension center

DS3 45 Mbps inter-city ; Internet (I1) connection

OC3 155 Mbps inter-city ; I1 & Internet2 connection

OC12 622 Mbps I1 backbones; Internet2 connection

OC 48 2.4 Gbps I1 and Internet2 backbones

1&10 Gigabit 1 or 10 Gbps

advanced inter-city connections utilizing FO

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Internet2 Global Indonesia Backbone

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Transportasi Data di Network

Tipe transport protocol:– IP

TCPUDP

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Transportasi Data di Network

Unicast : one-to-one Multicast: one-to-many Broadcast: one-to-every

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Unicast

Transport data pada umumnya Aplikasi umum: mail, web browsing,

file transfer, etc.

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IP Multicast

Trasnmisi one to many Contoh aplikasi :

– Streaming

Hati-hati: tingginya tingkat tranport multicast dapat mempengaruhi kinerja konferensi video.

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Broadcast

Sistem transport on to every Digunakan oleh protokol jaringan termasuk ARP,

NetBIOS, dan DNS. Semua perangkat pada jaringan harus memproses

setiap paket siaran; tingkat tinggi siaran dapat mengalihkan kapasitas pengolahan.

Jika domain broadcast yang terlalu besar atau luar biasa aktif, aktivitas yang dibutuhkan pada titik akhir untuk menangani siaran bisa mengurangi kinerja.

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Multicast and Unicast Video Broadcasting

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Firewalls

Firewall adalah sistem node jaringan yang bertindak untuk melakukan pengamanan dan kebijakan kontrol akses antara dua jaringan, misalnya, antara intranet departemen dan Internet l.

Digunakan untuk mengamankan sumber daya TI terhadap serangan eksternal dan pembobolan.

Lapisan jaringan firewall biasanya membuat keputusan mereka berdasarkan nomor port dan sumber / tujuan alamat.

Aplikasi-lapisan firewall bertindak sebagai proxy.

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Firewalls

H.323 menggunakan ports IP:– Statis - assigned port TCP 1719 - 1720 dan 1731 untuk call setup dan call kontrol.

– Dynamically-assigned port UDP di range 1024 – 65535 untuk data video dan audio.

Firewall tidak mengizinkan port tidak dibatasi.

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Firewalls – Solutions untuk H.323

Biarkan port yang tidak terbatas untuk range port tertentu, yang dikenal seperti HTTP, SMTP, POP, harus di filter dari eksternal IP alamat.

Gunakan fitur dari beberapa klien videoconference untuk membatasi port dinamis untuk port yang lebih spesifik.[OK, tapi pekerjaan admin tambahan]

Gunakan proxy aplikasi H.323.[Solusi Terbaik] Gunakan firewall yang bisa membukan port pada panggilan H.323, set port statis untuk sinyal dan kontrol dan membuka port untuk audio / video (port dinamis) sesuai kebutuhan.

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NAT (Network Address Translation)

Memungkinkan beberapa berbasis IP di LAN dan berada di belakang NAT untuk berbagi satu alamat IP jaringan eksternal.

Kegunaan:• Mengurangi kekurangan alamat IP• Keamanan - mengaburkan pandangan jaringan dari luar /

internet• Fleksibel administrasi jaringan

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NAT (Network Address Translation)

Adminstrator jaringan akan kesulitan menggunakan H.323 di belakang NAT.

Beberapa unit videoconferencing terminals menyediakan fitur mendukung translate NAT.

Pilih terminal yang mendukung fitur Firewall / NAT traversal sebagai solusi untuk perangkat

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Solusi untuk NAT

Pilih Terminal memiliki Firewall / NAT traversal solusi dibangun untuk perangkat mereka, meskipun ini adalah proprietary vendor tertentu solusi

Fitur “Fix Port" hanya bekerja pada point-to-point call bisa di jadikan alternatif.

H.460.17, 18, 19 adalah berbasis standar solusi yang disahkan ITU menjadi H.323 untuk memudahkan akses via Firewall dan NAT Traversal

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H.460.17/18/19 Firewall Traversal

Bekerja dengan mebuat pin-holes pada jalur Firewall dan seolah olah H323 video call bisa menembus firewall anda baik untuk masuk dan keluar ke Internet

Menggunakan port range tertentu yang bekerja secara dinamis

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Latency

Latency adalah waktu yang diperlukan untuk paket yang melintasi jaringan dari sumber ke tujuan.

Komponen yang bagian dari latency :– Propagasi delay: waktu yang diperlukan untuk melintasi jarak dari garis transmisi.

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Latency

Transmisi delay: waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk sumber untuk menempatkan sebuah paket pada jaringan. Aturan untuk perangkat jaringan umum: <1ms.Untuk H.323 ini termasuk waktu untuk encode / decode video

Store-and-forward delay: panjang kumulatif dari waktu yang diperlukan perangkat internetworking sepanjang jalan untuk menerima, mengolah, dan mengirim ulang paket, variabel, dan tergantung pada beban jaringan.

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Latency

Delay satu arah dari: 0-150 ms menyediakan interaktivitas yang sangat baik 150-300 ms OK 300 - 400 ms adalah buruk Lebih 400 ms tidak dapat diterima Delay satelit dalam kisaran “up 700 ms", tapi Anda akan

menemukan bahwa Anda terbiasa dengan delay dengan teknologi lipsycn ( singkronisasi gerak dan suara )

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Jitter

Jitter adalah variasi dalam latency dari waktu ke waktu.

Jika titik akhir berada di switched LAN, maka sumber utama jitter adalah variasi dalam waktu pengiriman data, yang dihasilkan dari beban jaringan.

Media tranport jaringan dipengaruhi oleh tingginya tingkat jitter. Jika sebuah paket tiba terlambat, maka akan dibuang tanpa digunakan.

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Jitter

Perangkat konferensi video dapat menempatkan paket dalam buffer dan membaca mereka keluar dengan waktu yang tepat, tapi penyangga menambahkan latensi untuk konferensi.

Sebagai contoh, Perangkat Video Conference dapat memperbaiki sampai sekitar 75 ms jitter. Di atas itu, paket-paket akan tiba terlambat terlalu digunakan.

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Packet Loss

Packet loss biasanya karena link padat dan coalisi di router.

– 1% paling bisa diterima

– 5% menjadi patokan untuk toleransi

– >5% tidak dapat menghasilkan frame gambar yang bagus dan penurunan kualitas

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QoS (Quality of Service)

Sebuah metode pemberian beberapa paket prioritas yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain.

Berguna di lebih dimanfaatkan intranet - link WAN.

Perhatian!Konfigurasi pada router yang salah bisa mengakibatkan penurunan kulitas traffic data dan video, misalnya, packet loss meningkatkan jitter , dan data melambat tetapi video conference kulitasnya masih kurang.

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QoS (Quality of Service)

Caranya:Beberapa terminal konferensi video dapat mengatur bit IP precedence. Gunakan bahwa untuk menandai dan antrian prioritas pada WAN.

Atau:Gunakan Proxy H.323 untuk konsolidasi lalu lintas ke sebuah alamat, router daftar akses untuk menandai, dan antrian prioritas pada WAN.

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Indentifikasi Problem

Scenario– Terdapat 2 cabang departemen dan kantor dimana kulitas video conference sangat buruk

– Setiap user didukung oleh kelompok yang berbeda dari insinyur videoconference.

– Setiap departemen didukung oleh kelompok yang berbeda dari admin jaringan.

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Indentifikasi Problem

Problem– Bagaimana pengguna mendapatkan tepat waktu, dan kualitas video yang diterima?

– Bagaimana penyelesaian masalah jaringan terkoordinasi?

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Indentifikasi Problem

HambatanBagian, jadwal, dan prioritas yang tidak memiliki komuniaksi.

Tidak ada satu engineer memiliki pemahaman yang lengkap dari seluruh jaringan jalan.

Tidak ada engineer atau admin jaringan yang bisa mendapatkan akses ke semua node jaringan (router, switch) sepanjang jalan untuk memeriksa masalah.

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Solusi Problem

Solutions– Menjelaskan semua akar masalah untuk jaringan dan video

conference di semua departemen.– Menetapkan komunikasi yang handal, dan memaksimalkan

pemanfaatan alat.– Mengadakan pertemuan teratur; membawa semua admin

jaringan dan admin video conference bersama di satu tempat dan waktu untuk berbagi informasi.

– Memiliki dokumentasi jaringan yang baik untuk semua jaringan.– Latih dan gunakan admin video conference dalam untuk

memahami masalah jaringan dan alat

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H323 Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy

Bringing control to your multimedia traffic

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What is a gatekeeper?

Physically it is a server that can be located anywhere on the network

Functionally very similar to a DNS server that does Address lookup

Adds some control functionality Creates an “H.323 zone”

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H.323 Zone

Definition– A single gatekeeper and all of the end points (clients, MCUs, and gateways) that register with the gatekeeper.

Typically is a community– E.g. University or organization

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Gatekeepers Provide:

Admission ControlCall AuthorizationAddress TranslationsBandwidth ManagementZone ManagementCall Signal RoutingManagement Functions

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Typical Gatekeeper Components

Gatekeeper Core FunctionalityWeb Server ManagementSNMP Services

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Basic Operation

Endpoints register with gatekeeper– This is a one time administrative task

Endpoint asks gatekeeper for permission to place call to another endpoint

Endpoint signals call with other endpointEndpoints exchange media directlyEndpoints disconnect, notify gatekeeper

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Technical Description

Uses TCP port 1720, UDP Port 1719, 1718– 1720 for Q.931 call control– 1719 H.225 Registration, Admission, and Status

messages (RAS)– 1718 GK discovery

Deals with H.225, H.245, Q.931– H.225: RAS as above but also call control and call

setup messages– H.245: Media control and Transport signaling

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Gatekeeper Functionality

Services: – Setup for point-to-point calls– Provides access to multipoint conferences

and gateways Neighbor Gatekeepers:

– Provides inter-zone communication Network Topology:

– Allow administrator to employ traffic shaping

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Gatekeeper Functionality

Endpoints: – Live list of registered users

Call Control: – Live list of active calls– Handy when you consider doing upgrades

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Client Authorization

Open Gatekeepers– anyone can register

Predefined EndpointsLDAP Authenticated Endpoints

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Configuration Considerations

Neighbors– Can neighbor with everyone individually– Join a dialing plan

Choose a registration mode– Open, predefined, authenticated

Choose a routing mode– Direct, Call Setup, Call Setup and Call Control

(negotiation)

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Gatekeeper to Gatekeeper Communication

Like with telephones, it is possible to “call out” of your local system if your system is connected to the “outside world”

Initialy we used neighbor tables and individual exit codes for each gatekeeper that we had defined in our gatekeepers

As more and more organizations installed gatekeepers, neighbor tables became larger and more difficult to manage

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Gatekeeper to Gatekeeper Communication

Then the Trans European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA) came up with a plan to use a hierarchy of gatekeepers

Zone prefixes and extension numbers are defined by the national managing agent - usually the National  Research Network (NRN) in that country

ViDe also joined in the adoption of this plan

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E164 Space

Based upon the ITU-T e.164 telephone number assigned to the current subscriber of a range of telephone numbers

For example, if a university held +1.919.226.6100 through +1.919.226.6199, then that university would be eligible for the GDS prefix 00191922661. That university could assign the remaining two digits to endpoints 00-99

Aside from maintaining direct inward dial (DID) capability for endpoints, there is no reason to limit endpoint numbering to two digits

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SIP Proxy

Getting two different technologies to talk to each other

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SIP Proxy

Take one technology and make it work with another– SIP to IP (SIP to H.323)– Any combination of the above technologies

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SIP Proxy

Standalone box Special card for blade-style H323

Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy Build it yourself Dual function endpoint

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Stand Alone SIP Proxy

Typically a rack mount box with inputs for different types of lines (ATM, E1, IP)

Web interface for administration

SIP Proxy

The addition of SIP to the framework for the future of enterprise video conferencing

– Leveraging existing IETF open standards– Ensuring higher levels of interoperability with third parties– Maintaining a sophisticated feature set that is consistent and

compatible with today’s H.323 video solutionHighlights include: H.323-SIP inter-working, with a common subset of telephony features Call admission control and video enablement policies Bandwidth management

– Priority video callers– Cumulative pools for audio and video– Call rate negotiation

Video Conferencing (scheduled and ad-hoc)

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Multipoint Control Units (MCUs)

Bringing many together at once

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Multipoint Control Units: Hardware vs Software

Hardware• Dedicated, real-time

operating system• Generally work well• RADVISION• Polycom • Tandberg• Codian• LifeSize

Software• Most based on Windows or

Unix OS on a server• Processor speed catching

up to make them more reliable

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MCU Control Functions

Defining a conference– Ongoing conference or scheduled– Connection Speed– Number of connections allowed– Voice Switched (VS) or– Continuous Presence (CP)

Many different layouts

Operating a conference– Dial In versus Dial Out

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MCU Control Functions

Monitoring a conference– Check to be sure it is fully attended– Mute unruly participants

Monitoring an MCU– MCU Status reports

Cascading MCUs– MCUs calling MCUs for really big conferences

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MCUs available in the market

RADVISION ViaIP (Legacy?)– Up to 100 ports at 384k VS– Powerful, reliable; ECS Gatekeeper– Gatekeeper required for dial in, but not dial out

Radvision Scopia– Chassis-based system or stand alone box– HD capabilities– Scopia Desktop

Tandberg

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MCUs Available in the Market

Polycom MGC (used to be Accord) Codian

– MCU 4200 (SD)– MCU 4500 (HD)

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RADVISION SCOPIA MCU

Newest MCU offerings from RADVISION Blade-style technology in multiple chassis

form factors The combination of blades in the system will

determine the capacity in standard and high definition

Built in web server for configuration

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Polycom MGC

3 Flavors, 25, 50 and 100Capacity varies by configurationSupport for H.264Can support ISDN, IP and ATMSeparate Software controlPriced by configurationBuilt-in reservation capability

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Tandberg MCU

16 users, 3 simultaneous conferencesSupport for H.264Embedded EncryptionSupports ISDN and IPEmbedded web server for control and configurationSmall 1U form factor, 19” Rack-mountable

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Codian MCU 4200

6, 12, 20, 30 and 40 port Standard Definition 12, 20, 30, and 40 port High Definition Embedded web server for control and configuration Built-in streaming available for conferences Direct IP-based dialing and Gatekeeper-based

dialing– For IP-based dialing you need to take Far end camera

control or use DTMF tones

Small 1U form factor, 19” Rack-mountable

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HD MCUs

Radvision, Codian, Tandberg and Polycom all have HD support on their MCUs

Some will require new hardware or software to run HD

Definition of “HD” videoconferencing depends on the manufacturer, usually 720p with 30 fps (720p = 1280 x 720 pixels)

The Commons Polycom MCU is HD-capable

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Commons MCU Testbed

Three MCUs are available for testing and discussion http://commons.internet2.edu/testing

– RADVISION viaIP– Polycom MGC 100– Codian 4240

The Commons will support remote or onsite (you come to Ohio) testing

Useful for assisting in evaluations for your own purchases

Delivering content to those without H.323 or for later review

Streaming and ArchivalGabe Moulton

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Streaming

The one-way delivery of digital content from a streaming server to a streaming client in a continuous, paced, and controlled flow

Alleviates the need to download an entire media clip as a file– Live events don’t exist as a file yet– Allows playing to start before download is

completed

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Streaming a Videoconference

Streaming a videoconference makes it possible for any number of people to view a conference – either live or recorded for on-demand access

Viewers use desktop computers with standard media players such as Real, Windows Media, or QuickTime

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What Can I Do With Streaming?

Key individuals participate by videoconference– A larger audience views the live stream

Save the proceedings of a meeting Make a class or lecture available on-demand

for later student review

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How to Stream a Videoconference

All-in-one solutions Videoconferencing endpoints with built-in

H.26x/G.7xx multicast streaming Combination of videoconferencing terminal

and standard streaming encoder

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All-In-One Box

Can exist anywhere on the networkRepackage the H.323 content into a stream that can be interpreted by QT, Real, or WMP

DO NOT optimize for streamingExamples:

– STARBAK VCG– Virtual Rooms Videoconference Service (VRVS)– Codian MCU or IPVCR—has H.239 support

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Terminals with Built-In Streaming

Some high-end terminals such as– Polycom FX– Tandberg 880

Can multicast the H.26x/G.7xx audio and video in QT, Real and/or WMP

No ability to record for VOD Can be a burden on the local network of the

device

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Combo Endpoint and Encoder

Two standard devices…– H.323 videoconference endpoint– Streaming encoder

Are interconnected– A/V out of H.323 endpoint into A/V input of encoder

Encoder can be just about anything– Real, Windows Media, QuickTime; or MPEG-1,-2,-4; unicast or multicast

Video can be recorded and stored for VOD on server

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Combo Endpoint and Encoder

Combo Endpoint and Encoder can be complex to manage

Have to schedule and manage the encoder– Videoconference scheduling systems don’t

support viewing the pair of devices as a single logical device

MediaSite has a device that can be combined with an endpoint that can capture both the VC and H.239 if that is part of the conference.

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Streaming Quality

Combo Endpoint and Encoder uses optimized-for-streaming encoding formats

Both All-In-One Box and Endpoints with Built-In streaming repackage video and audio which is not optimized for streaming

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An end-user’s view of videoconferencing

H.323 Terminal Endpoints

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Four basic types of endpoints

Room systems Desktop systems Software-based systems Telepresence Systems

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Room Systems

Most will need a display device– Monitor, projector, etc

Mostly set-top boxes Some can be rack-mounted Some take multiple inputs for video

– Multiple cameras– VGA/Scan converter– Document camera

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Room Systems

All come with an intuitive GUI Interface Almost all use remote controls or some other

external interface Most have one or more external microphone Most hide the “administrative” features from

the end user– Many will password protect the administrative

interface to avoid users changing settings

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Room System Examples

Polycom– VSX line– HDX line

Tandberg– Set-top Series– Edge Series

LifeSize– No support for H.261

video

VTEL IPanel

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Desktop Endpoints

Have built-in processors to handle some of the video encoding

Most will rely on your PC’s monitor or will have a built-in monitor– Some with the built in monitor can take the place

of your current monitor or be used for dual screen Best to use only if you have one to three

people at your site Very few have external inputs for VGA,

external cameras, etc.103

Desktop Endpoints

Many have “strong arm” focusing which can be difficult to get the focus exactly correct

Becoming less popular and expensive compared to software endpoints on today’s faster processors

Most desktop endpoints with built in monitor are aimed at the “Executive” level

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Desktop Endpoint Examples

Polycom– VSX 3000– V700– HDX 4000

Cisco Tandberg 1500

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Software Endpoints

Most work only with Windows OS Rely on your monitor for displaying video Use USB or Firewire webcam for capturing

video– A decent USB webcam will cost about $100

Most software packages run in the $150 per endpoint range and offer a free trial period download

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Example Software Endpoints

Polycom PVX– www.polycom.com

Xmeeting – http://xmeeting.sourcefor

ge.net/– Runs on Mac OSX

RADVISION eConf– www.radvision.com

Tandberg Movi– http://

www.tandberg.com/products/pc_videoconferencing.jsp

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Telepresence Setups (H.323)

Multiple systems working together– Polycom– Tandberg– Lifesize

Specific room setup Illusion of one single

room

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Getting you and your space ready for videoconferencing

Environmental Considerations

109

Setting Up for a Videoconference

Clothing Lighting Back Drop Audio setup Large Conference Room considerations

110

Clothing

Solid color shirts “Busy” outfits blur when

on camera Simpler patterns aid the

video compression

111

Lighting

Soft white frontal light Standard overhead lights

can cast shadows—especially if the user wears glasses

Think of TV studio lighting Camera can not focus in

low light—keep this in mind if you use a projector

112

Backdrop

No hard lines or complicated patterns Can use a dry erase board, but be aware of

glare Solid darker color is ideal

– Avoid red backgrounds they can be hard on the viewing site

Give audience one thing to focus on—YOU Good idea—use a sign to indicate your location

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Bad Backdrop

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Good Backdrop

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Audio Setup

Keep the microphone away from where the speakers are located– This can cause audio loop back

Test audio levels ahead of time– Make a test call – Use built-in features of the endpoint to test

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Audio Setup

Make sure microphones are away from extraneous noise generators– Air conditioners– Laptop/Projector fans

May need to add echo canceling hardware– This is less common as endpoints become MUCH

better at handling audio

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Large Room Considerations

Position the camera to see the primary speaker and audience– May want to add additional cameras

Good lighting Designate locations for Q&A with

microphones Avoid panning the camera too much

– Use endpoint “presets”

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Other Considerations

Plasma burn-in– Many endpoint use icons while in a call– These icons can lead to burn-in on the plasma

screen

Projectors– Newer, brighter projectors (3000+ lumens) are

plenty bright to have room lights on during videoconferences

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Make every conference an enjoyable one

Videoconferencing Etiquette

120

Plan Your Videoconference

Send the agenda and handouts in advance Allow a few minutes for call setup and shut

down time Stick to the time limits Unplug room telephone or turn off the ringer

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Be Considerate

“Can you hear me, can you hear me?” Remember to mute your microphone when

you are not talking to the group Use a location banner and name tags in case

you are not on a first-name basis with the others in your conference

Take turns speaking and allow time for audio delay

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Be Considerate

Don’t Multi-task on cameraBe aware of possible audio distractions

if your microphone is not muted– Coughing– Paper rattling– AC units, Laptop and projector fans

Don’t bring food unless all sites will be eating

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Tips for Getting Started

Provide an overview workshop for new users to learn basics– Share rules of etiquette– Get experience using the remote control– The importance of muting

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Tips for Getting Started

Publish and distribute print materials or create a website describing basic equipment use and listing the site coordinator’s contact information

Emphasize simple practices like having a clear meeting agenda, muting the microphone, and how to use the remote control

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Test, test, test

Test with every location thoroughly– Testing will help address equipment and

networking issues in advanceTesting provides experience and

creates a positive end experienceMurphy’s Law: If something can go

wrong, it will

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Why We Test

A student had a thesis defenseMoved from the planned, tested

location just prior to a videoconference– Original testing went fine– Far site moved their unit just moments

before the conference was to begin– Nervous presenter waited while new

problems were corrected

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128

Site Coordinator DutiesBob Dixon

What is expected of you

129

Be Your Organization’s Videoconferencing Liaison

Work with the people in your group to assist with scheduling and testing

Establish relationship with your users and best practices for your group

Work with other site coordinators at other organizations

Work with users in conferences you schedule to be sure they can connect

Make nice with your organization’s network administrators

– They can be your best friend in making H.323 really work for your organization

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Troubleshooting Point to Point Videoconferences

Make sure the network is up to the task– Eliminate Firewall or NAT as troublemaker

Make sure both endpoints are turned on and have valid IP addresses– Some endpoints have built-in hub and if the

Ethernet cable is plugged in here, it will not work– Most will give an indication that they have a valid

IP address, but they can be wrong– Make sure you have link lights

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Troubleshooting Multipoint Conferences

Number 1 support call: “I can’t get into the conference”

Make sure all sites have followed the directions Make sure you have the time and date correct Make sure all sites are registered to a GDS

Gatekeeper Double check your speed and what you dialed

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Follow Directions

Commons Dialing Directions come with a date and time (with time zone) reminder and directions similar to this example:

1. Register with a GDS Gatekeeper, if you need to borrow space go here: http://commons.internet2.edu/reggate

2. Make sure you are connecting at 384 kbps3. Dial 001189 700 1234 (no spaces)4. Call 614-292-xxxx for technical support

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Timing is everything

Time zone confusion can be problematic Don’t be surprised if your Tuesday

conference is empty on Wednesday, or simply won’t let you in!

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Registering with a Gatekeeper

Many new users have never done this Typically an administrative chore and

requires administrative access to the endpoint’s settings

This does take a few minutes and can require some rebooting, so be prepared

If your campus is already GDS, make a note of that on the cheat sheet in VC room

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How to register with the Commons Gatekeeper

1. In your videoconferencing endpoint unit, navigate to the H.323 settings menu

2. Enter your email address as your endpoint’s H.323 Name

This gives administrators some idea of who is registering and from where

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How to register with the Commons Gatekeeper (cont.)

3. Assign yourself an E.164 number in this format

001189 + your 10 digit phone number If your phone number is (111) 555-0000,

your GDS number would be 0011891115550000

Your endpoint's system may need to be rebooted.

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How to register with the Commons Gatekeeper (cont.)

4. Navigate back to the H.323/Gatekeeper setting

5. Enter the following IP address: 192.148.244.115

Again, your endpoint may need to be rebooted

6. Congratulations! You should now be registered with the Internet2 Commons Gatekeeper

138

Check your speed!

Some MCUs will not let you in if you dial at an incorrect speed

Some will only give you partial connection – Only audio– Only video– Frozen image

Faster is not always the best way to go!

139

Check your digits!

One added or missing number may put you in a completely different place

Some MCUs have predefined meeting “rooms” where a mistyped dial string will cause failure to connect

You do not enter the spaces in a GDS dial string, the spaces are for readability like the parenthesis and dashes in telephone numbers

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Do you have a Firewall or NAT?

Firewall + H.323 = Bad NAT + H.323 = Bad Firewall + NAT + H.323 = Bad

141

Still can’t get in?

Some endpoints require you to specify for them to dial by IP or LAN

Is your endpoint ISDN or ATM?– You will need a gateway to convert your signal to IP

and back

Check to make sure the Ethernet cable is plugged into the right place– Some of the older Polycoms have an Ethernet jack

AND a hub port

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Okay, now I’m in but it looks terrible!

Do you have enough bandwidth?– A dedicated T1 for video might not be enough– Say you have 4 endpoints all videoconferencing at 384

kbps– 4 * 384 kbps = 1536 kbps which is your WHOLE T1 and

that doesn’t allow room for overhead– Network congestion can cause a poor

videoconferencing experience Did you check your duplex settings

– Duplex mismatch is the “silent killer” of videoconferencing

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Another word on etiquette

Remember to mute your microphone Try to stay in the frame of the video for the other

end’s pleasure– There’s nothing more distracting that looking at the

top of someone’s head or out their window

Cut down on visual and audio distractions in the room– Air conditioners, fans, and poor mic placement– Busy backgrounds and clothing

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And never forget…

Test Test TEST!!!

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Thank you

We expect our inbox to be flooded with Site Coordinator forms!