GUANTÁNAMO BAY, Cuba —Cheryl Bormann, a lawyer for oneof the men accused of plotting theSept. 11, 2001, attacks, had made itthrough the two security checksnecessary to enter the maximum-security courtroom when the hemon her black abaya began unrav-eling.

“Wardrobe problem,” she calledout in the court vestibule. “Ducttape!”

Ms. Bormann, a civilian whohas devoted her career to deathpenalty cases, had recently pur-chased the $50 Saudi-style robe ata shop near the Pentagon but hadnot had time to hem it properly.The staples she had used as astopgap solution were coming out.

Once the robe was fixed, shepulled it shut, covered her straw-berry blond hair and stepped in-side the military courtroom atGuantánamo Bay where eightother women, mostly defenseteam lawyers and paralegals,were also hiding their hair in def-erence to their clients — the fivemen accused of plotting the worstterrorist attack in United Stateshistory.

The choice of the women to doso demonstrates how, even aftermore than a decade of war courtproceedings at the isolated UnitedStates naval base, the cultureclash is still raw. Courtrooms arealways stages, and even thoughfew people see the hearings un-

fold, it is still a setting for anespecially difficult mix ofideas and perspectives.

The lawyers say they needto respect the religious sensi-bilities of their clients in order

to defend them. Families of the9/11 victims say they are offendedby Western women coveringthemselves and embracing thecultural norms of men accused ofmass murder.

To spend time at the militarycourt as it moves toward the trialof the accused 9/11 conspirators —a proceeding years in the making— is to see those conflicts and oth-ers in a variety of ways, includingthrough the clothes they wear andthe messages they send.

There are prosecutors in suitsand ties and soldiers in olive drab

At Proceedings of the 9/11 Court,Clothing Is a Point of Contention

By CAROL ROSENBERG

Khalid Shaikh Mohammed,the man accused of master-minding the 9/11 plot.

WENDY MacNAUGHTON

Continued on Page A12

With blockbusters like “Hello, Dolly!”and “Mame,” Jerry Herman had show-goers singing, too. He was 88. PAGE A20

Composer of Golden ChorusesThe wreck in Almaty left dozens ofothers injured, but some of the 98 onboard survived unharmed. PAGE A7

Kazakhstan Jet Crash Kills 12

VOL. CLXIX . . . No. 58,555 © 2019 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2019

C M Y K Nxxx,2019-12-28,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

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WASHINGTON — In a rareshow of bipartisan unity, Republi-cans and Democrats are planningto try to force President Trump totake a more active stand on hu-man rights in China, preparingveto-proof legislation that wouldpunish top Chinese officials for de-taining more than one millionMuslims in internment camps.

The effort comes amid growingcongressional frustration with Mr.Trump’s unwillingness to chal-lenge China over human rightsabuses, despite vivid news re-ports this year outlining atroci-ties, or to confront such issuesglobally.

To press Mr. Trump into actionon China, lawmakers plan to moveahead with legislation that wouldpunish Beijing for its repression ofethnic Uighur Muslims, withenough supporters to compel thepresident to sign or risk beingoverruled by Congress ahead ofthe 2020 election. A version of thelegislation, known as the UighurHuman Rights Policy Act, passedboth the House and Senate thisyear, but its path to the WhiteHouse was stalled this month by aprocedural process.

Human rights causes draw rarebipartisan support in Congress,and many Republican lawmakershave broken from Mr. Trump onthe matter, even as they move inlock step with the president onnearly every other issue, includ-ing defending him against im-peachment.

“There’s been a sense by somethat the administration hasn’t pri-

CONGRESS UNITINGTO COMPEL TRUMPON HUMAN RIGHTS

VETO-PROOF LEGISLATION

Aiming to Punish Chinaand Others for Abuse

as President Balks

By EDWARD WONGand CATIE EDMONDSON

Continued on Page A10

CAMPBELLSVILLE, Ky. — Inthe late 1990s, the town of Camp-bellsville in central Kentucky suf-fered a powerful jolt when its Fruitof the Loom textile plant closed.Thousands of jobs making under-wear went to Central America,taking the community’s pride withthem.

Unemployment hit 28 percentbefore an unlikely savior arrivedas the century was ending: amadly ambitious start-up that letpeople buy books, movies and mu-sic through their computers.

Amazon leased a Fruit of theLoom warehouse about a milefrom the factory and converted itinto a fulfillment center to speedits packages to Indianapolis andNashville and Columbus. Its

workers, many of them Fruit vet-erans, earned less than what thetextile work had paid but the dig-ital excitement was overwhelm-ing.

Twenty years later, Amazon isone of the world’s most highly val-ued companies and one of themost influential. Jeff Bezos, Ama-zon’s founder, has accumulated avast fortune. In Seattle, Amazonbuilt a $4 billion urban campus, re-defining a swath of the city.

The outcome has been differentin Campbellsville, the only sizablecommunity in Taylor County. Thecounty population has stalled at25,000. Median household incomehas barely kept pace with infla-tion. Nearly one in five people inthe county lives in poverty, morethan in 2000.

The divergent fates offer a win-

dow into what towns can give totech behemoths over decades —and what exactly they get in re-turn. Campbellsville’s warehousewas among the first of what arenow an estimated 477 Amazon ful-fillment centers, delivery stationsand other outposts around thecountry. That makes Camp-bellsville, with 11,415 inhabitants,a case study for what may happenelsewhere as Amazon continuesexpanding.

Brenda Allen, Campbellsville’smayor, said: “Amazon has had areally good business here for 20years. They haven’t been disap-pointed at all. And we’re glad

they’re here.”But, she added, “I really would

feel better if they would contributeto our needs.”

In central Kentucky, Amazonhas reaped benefits, including atype of tax break that critics label“Paying Taxes to the Boss.” In thearrangement, 5 percent of Ama-zon workers’ paychecks, whichwould ordinarily be destined forthe county and the state, go to Am-azon itself. The company nettedmillions of dollars from this incen-tive over a decade.

While that tax break has runout, Campbellsville itself still getsno tax money from Amazon. Thewarehouse is just outside the townlimits. The city school system,which is its own taxing authority,does get revenue from Amazon.

Town Feels Tech Giant’s Influence, but Tastes Little of Its ProfitsBy DAVID STREITFELD

Amazon donated to a library in Campbellsville, Ky. Stores there have closed and land sits empty, but downtown has seen a renewal.PHOTOGRAPHS BY ANDREW SPEAR FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A14

AMAZON EVERYWHERE

A Prime Anchor

The world is enmeshed in atrade war. The president has beenimpeached. The tech industry isunder attack from regulatorsworldwide.

But this year investors said: Sowhat?

The stock market is closing inon its best year in two decades.With only two days of trading togo, the S&P 500 could fare betterthan it has since 1997. Stock priceshave been buoyed by a mere whiffof optimism that the economy —despite occasional hiccups anddire prognostications by so-calledexperts — will keep chuggingalong.

And the Federal Reserve de-serves credit, too, for cutting in-terest rates despite scowls from aWhite House that wanted more.

So far this year, the S&P is up 29percent. But the market crept upgradually as investors felt theirway through the turbulent year,interrupted only by a handful ofshort-lived retreats. Since mid-October, stocks haven’t had a sin-gle daily gain of more than 1 per-cent. Even on Friday, the increasewas tiny, but it left the index at arecord and capped a fifth consecu-tive week of gains.

Through the uncertainty, in-vestors saw things they liked: Jobgrowth continued, American con-sumers kept spending, and Presi-dent Trump’s bluster about thetrade war eventually gave way topromises for an early-stage dealwith China.

The damage the trade warmight cause was the biggest con-cern for both investors and theFed this year. The central bank cutinterest rates three times to pro-tect the economy. By December,several key measurements ofgrowth suggested that a recessionin the United States was unlikelyto ruin the party anytime soon.Major American companies re-

S&P Closes InOn Best Gain

In 2 Decades

Forces Fueling a RallyMay Fade in 2020

By EMILY FLITTER

Continued on Page A10

Don Imus, who tested the limitsof shock radio with his irreverentattacks on celebrities, politicians,racial and ethnic groups, women,gay people and practically anyonewhose head stuck up out of thefoxhole, died on Friday in CollegeStation, Texas. He was 79.

A publicist, Matthew Hiltzik,confirmed his death, at BaylorScott and White Medical Center.The cause was not specified. Onhis “Imus in the Morning” showon March 16, 2009, Mr. Imus dis-closed that he had prostate cancer.He was advised to have radiationtreatments, but said he had cho-sen to treat the disease holis-tically.

For nearly a half-century —from his start on local stations inthe West in 1968, through a suc-cession of New York regional andnational radio stations and cablenetworks, until his retirement in2018 — Mr. Imus, with occasionaland sometimes extended time-outs for illnesses, accidents or le-gal problems, entertained and of-fended countless millions with hismercurial outbursts.

The outpouring of sympathy af-ter his disclosure about hisprostate cancer reflected not onlyhis wide following as a radio per-sonality but also admiration forhis private charity work, raisingmillions for the rehabilitation ofwounded veterans of the Iraq warand for children with cancer andsiblings of victims of sudden in-fant death syndrome. Since 1999,many of these children had spent

summers on his ranch near Ribe-ra, N.M.

The public Don Imus was differ-ent. Grizzled, irascible, foul-mouthed, an outrageous, con-frontational growler with a buck-ram face, a battered cowboy hatand a gun on his hip, he spent dec-ades on the air doing pranks andparodies that were often brutish,tasteless or obscene and some-times racist, sexist or homophobic— all while surviving alcoholism,

cocaine addiction, repeated fir-ings and a nearly fatal fall from ahorse.

In the more printable Imus lexi-con, Dick Cheney was “a warcriminal,” Hillary Rodham Clintonwas “Satan,” Oprah Winfrey “a fatphony,” Newt Gingrich “a manwho would eat roadkill,” Ted Ken-nedy “a fat slob,” Steve Forbes “ameanspirited creep,” Dan Rather“a loony,” Rush Limbaugh “a drug-

An Equal Opportunity Offender for 50 YearsBy ROBERT D. McFADDEN

DON IMUS, 1940-2019

Don Imus in 1984. Grizzled, irascible and foulmouthed, Mr.Imus spent five decades on the air doing pranks and parodies.

WALT DISNEY TELEVISION, VIA GETTY IMAGES

Continued on Page A17

Gideon Kidd of Cedar Rapids isthe driving force behind one of thelarger social media megaphonesin Iowa. He has built a following ofmore than 340,000 with his@IvePetThatDog Twitter accountwhere he posts — truth in adver-tising — photos of himself pettingdogs.

Last summer, when his own be-loved dog, Walter, passed away,Mr. Kidd received an outpouringof support, some local news cover-age and one condolence voice mailmessage from a 2020 candidatefor president: Senator ElizabethWarren.

Mr. Kidd cannot vote for Ms.Warren, or anyone, in 2020. He is11.

“It was very touching andsweet,” said Gideon’s mom, Ra-chel Braunigan, who added thatthe family was staying neutral inthe caucuses.

Ms. Warren is betting that call— and many more like it — areworth making anyway.

Beyond offering preteen pet-passing sympathies, she alsomakes sure that activists, celebri-ties, elected leaders and localDemocratic officials keep pickingup the phone (or checking theirvoice mail) to hear the same fivewords: “Hi, this is Elizabeth War-ren.”

She has made thousands ofsuch calls over the past two yearsto key political leaders and influ-

She Has a PlanFor TelephoningEarly and Often

By SHANE GOLDMACHER

Continued on Page A11

From stagnant student performance toa scandal over admissions to elite uni-versities, this year was full of chal-lenges in education. PAGE A9

NATIONAL A9-14

2019: Not Making the GradeWith only days left to seek compensa-tion from a giant utility for wildfiredamage, a team fans out in a hard-hitarea of California to get the word tothose who may be eligible. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-5

Race to Get Fire Victims PaidRobert De Niro and Al Pacino. HelenMirren. Flea. The Times’s culture pho-tographs revealed striking truths aboutart and the people who make it. PAGE C4

ARTS C1-8

The Year in Arts Photos

Police presence will increase in threeBrooklyn neighborhoods in response to asurge of reported hate crimes. PAGE A15

NEW YORK A15-16

Brooklyn Fights Anti-Semitism

In a case against the director Paul Hag-gis, a court said a city law could apply toany accusation of forced sex. PAGE A15

Ruling May Add #MeToo Suits

Hundreds of American titles, bothfiction and academic works, have beenheld up by Chinese publishing regula-tors since the trade war with the UnitedStates intensified this year. PAGE B1

Trade War Turns to Books

History will remember Eli Manning asa two-time Super Bowl winner, but histeammates say he has a secret legacyas a wicked practical joker. PAGE B6

SPORTSSATURDAY B6-9

A Comedic Giant

Roger Cohen PAGE A19

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A18-19

Moscow said that it had deployed ahypersonic weapon that can evadeAmerican missile defenses. PAGE A8

INTERNATIONAL A4-8

Russia Takes Step in Arms RaceKate Figes, a feminist author, offerednew mothers a handbook for theiremotions. She was 62. PAGE A20

OBITUARIES A17, 20

Explored ‘Life After Birth’

Late EditionToday, sunshine, mild, high 52. To-night, cloudy, light winds, low 39. To-morrow, morning sunshine, cloudyafternoon, early-evening rain, high48. Weather map is on Page B10.

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