Post on 24-Dec-2015
Matthew Lombard, PhDBTMM, MM&C, ISPR
November 8, 2007
(Tele) Presence and Usability
Overview
• What is (tele)presence?
• The growing (tele)presence field
• Who cares?
• Usability and presence
• Example
What Is (Tele)Presence?
The evolution of media technologies - drawings, print, radio, film, television, computers, IMAX, simulator rides, virtual reality, AI agents…
What Is (Tele)Presence?
… has produced mediated experiences that seem increasingly natural, intuitive, comfortable, easy, automatic, and ‘real’ because the technology seems increasingly less like technology.
• “the extent to which one feels present in the mediated environment, rather than in the immediate physical environment”(Steuer, 1992)
• “A sense of ‘being there’ in a displayed scene or environment” (Barfield, Zeltzer, Sheridan, & Slater (1995)
• “the perceptual illusion of nonmediation” (Lombard & Ditton, 1997)
What is (Tele)Presence?
• "Presence (a shortened version of the term ‘telepresence’) is a psychological state or subjective perception in which even though part or all of an individual's current experience is generated by and/or filtered through human-made technology, part or all of the individual's perception fails to accurately acknowledge the role of the technology in the experience.” (International Society for Presence Research, 2000)
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
Lara Diki T-babe Webbie- Tookay
Virtual Characters
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
Sony’s Aibo“From the first day you play with Aibo, it will become
your new companion for the Millennium.”
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
What is (Tele)Presence?
Growing (Tele)P Field
• ISPR hosts first systematic database (n=1834)
Growing (Tele)P. Field
Growing (Tele)P. Field10 Annual International Workshops on Presence:PRESENCE 1998: Suffolk, England
PRESENCE 1999: Colcester, England
PRESENCE 2000: Delft, The Netherlands
PRESENCE 2001: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAPRESENCE 2002: Porto, Portugal
PRESENCE 2003: Aalborg, Denmark
PRESENCE 2004: Valencia, Spain
PRESENCE 2005: London, UK
PRESENCE 2006: Cleveland, Ohio, USA
PRESENCE 2007: Barcelona, Spain
Growing (Tele)P. Field
Who cares?• It’s ‘central’ – relates to many fields
and endeavors
• It will be increasingly common
• It has many potential effects – attention, memory, social judgment, persuasion, enjoyment, task performance…
• It’s just cool
Who cares?
Art
Business
Education
Entertainment
Ethics
…
Health/Medicine
Military
Philosophy
Politics
Psychology
…
Usability and Presence
• More presence means greater usability
• Make technology adapt to people, not people adapt to technology
• A natural, intuitive interface that hides technology presence usability efficiency/productivity/satisfaction…
Usability and Presence
• How to evoke presence?–Big displays (high field of view)
–Multiple senses (sound)
–Interactivity
–Obvious affordances
–Perceptual and social realism
–Spatial cues – you’re in a place
–Social cues – you’re interacting with a person
–Meet natural expectations for dealing w. ‘real’ world
Example
Karl Horvath’s dissertation study:
THE COMPUTER AS INFORMATION INTERMEDIARY:
USING SOCIAL AND SPATIAL CUES TO EVOKE PRESENCE IN COMPUTER USERS AND OPTIMIZE HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION
Example
• Low spatial,
low social cues
Example
• High spatial,
high social cues
Example
• Low spatial,
high social cues
Example
• High spatial,
low social cues
Example
• Results:–Social cues Social presence
–Spatial cues Spatial presence
–Social/spatial cues Satisfaction, enjoyment, comprehension, perceived ability, likelihood of use
–Social + spatial biggest effects
–For all experience levels
Example
• Bottom lines:
(Tele)Presence looks like a useful concept for increasing usability
Researchers and practitioners in both areas should talk!
For more information…
Matthew Lombardlombard@temple.edu
http://matthewlombard.comhttp://ispr.info