GENERAL CONCEPTS

MATTER: IT IS ALL AROUND US. IT CAN BE SOLID, LIQUID OR GAS.

MASS: IT IS HOW MUCH MATTER AN OBJECT HAS (FOR EXAMPLE, KILOGRAMS,

GRAMS, METRIC TONES, LITRES, ETC.)

VOLUME: IT IS THE QUANTITY OF SPACE THAT AN OBJECT TAKES UP.

STATES OF MATTER

Do they have a definite shape?

Do they have a definite volume?

SOLIDS Yes, they do. Yes, they do because they always take up the

same space .Their particles are closely

packed.

LIQUIDS No, they don’t, because they adapt to the shape

of the container they are in.

Yes, they do because they always take up the

same space .Their particles are packed.

GASES No, they don’t because they adapt to the shape

of the container they are in.

No, they don’t because they expand to fill the container they are in. Their particles are not

packed.

CHANGES IN MATTER

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CHANGES:

PHYSICAL CHANGES

Physical changes happen when matter changes shape and

changes state but the substance does not change.

EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGES

WHEN WE FREEZE A SUBSTANCE WE HAVE A PHYSICAL CHANGE

WHEN WE BEND A SUBSTANCE WE HAVEA PHYSICAL CHANGE

WHEN WE TWIST A SUBSTANCE, WE HAVE A PHYSICAL CHANGE

WHEN WE SQUASH A SUBSTANCE, WE HAVE A PHYSICAL

CHANGE

WHEN WE HEAT A SUBSTANCE, WE HAVE A PHYSICAL CHANGE

WHEN WE STRETCH AN OBJECT, WE HAVE A PHYSICAL CHANGE

A CHEMICAL CHANGE IS WHEN A NEW SUBSTANCE (OR MATTER) IS PRODUCED.

When we burn something

When we expose a substance to air we have a chemical change

A rusted pipe

When we cook something, we have a chemical change

This is also called a mixture

MIXTURES

A mixture is something that contains two or more substances.

Mixtures can be HETEROGENEOUS or HOMOGENEOUS.

HETEROGENEOUS

In heterogeneous mixtures, it is easy to

see the different substances.

HETEROGENEOUS

In heterogeneous mixtures, it isn’t

possible to see the different substances.

CURIOUS EXAMPLES OF MIXTURES

WATER (H2O) IS MADE UP OF ONE OXYGEN MOLECULE AND TWO HYDROGEN

MOLECULES

H2O NH3

CO2 CH4

GRANITE IS MADE UP OF THREE MINERALS:

QUARTZ, FELDESPATE AND

MICA