Post on 01-May-2018
2013 Compliance for High Performance Homes
Martyn Dodd
EnergySoft
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Learning Objectives W
elc
om
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Understand the major areas of change in the 2013
Residential Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency
Standards including:
Overall changes in scope and application
Envelope Requirements
Mechanical Requirements
Indoor Lighting Requirements
Outdoor Lighting Requirements
Residential includes all Single Family and Multi-Family
3 stories or less
Original Title 24 code cam out in 1978
The 2013 revisions are the most significant changes
since the inception
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
● When and Why?
● TDV Changes
● New Registration Procedures
● Performance Modeling
Envelope
Mechanical
Lighting
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 4
Update Schedule
May 31, 2012 Business Meeting – Language Adoption
Jan 1, 2014 Implementation Date
Any projects that apply for permit on or after Jan 1, 2014 will be
subject to the 2013 Standards.
Information and Documents available at:
www.energy.ca.gov
www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards
What’s N
ew
By 2020:
All California new residential
construction zero net energy
Low-income homes energy
efficient
Big, bold strategies for energy savings
2013 Update Policy Drivers
5
What’s N
ew
All Standards subchapters are now
renumbered.
More space was needed for
numbering new sections
Using a decimal system
Section 150 becomes 150.0
Section 151 becomes 150.1
All other conventions stay the
same.
Renumbering will causes issues
with current plans and
specifications that use the old
numbering system.
Revised Standards
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 6
What’s N
ew
Repository
An electronic storage mechanism to archive all residential HERS
compliance documents
HERS providers will place registered documents, and probably
data files describing the buildings into the repository
Will provide an archived “snapshot” of the building for the CEC
Forms CF-1R/CF-4R/CF-6R will be kept in repository for the
enforcement division
Inspectors can log on to verify projects are registered
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 7
Scope &
Applic
ation
Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) Energy
Valuations for electricity, natural gas, and
propane
(Energy units) x (applicable TDV multiplier)
TDV multipliers vary by
energy type
climate zone
building type (e.g. low-rise residential)
date and hour
Also the basis for Zero Net Energy
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 8
S
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& A
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2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 9
TDV and Electricity Time-of-Day Peaks
Source: Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) – Economics Methodology:
PG&E Code Change Proposal 2005 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Update
With TDV value, a kWh saved at a high-cost peak hour is valued
more highly than a kWh saved during an off-peak hour
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Energ
y V
alu
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High-value energy (mid day, early afternoon)
Lower-value energy (early morning, late night)
TDV energy value
Flat energy value
Scope &
Applic
ation
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 10
TDV and Time-of-Year Peaks
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Ja
n 1
Fe
b 1
Ma
r 1
Ap
r 1
Ma
y 1
Ju
n 1
Ju
l 1
Au
g 1
Se
p 1
Oct 1
Nov 1
Dec 1
kB
tu/k
Wh
Annual Residential Electricity — Climate Zone 12
Scope &
Applic
ation
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 11
Time Dependent Valuation
Values for TDV energy will increase
Significant increases in Electricity and Propane
Scope &
Applic
ation
Average TDV Multipliers
Year Natural Gas Propane Electricity
2008 1.48 1.90 4.09
2013 1.60 4.11 6.23
Increase 8% 116% 52%
Source: Ken Nittler, Nov 2011 CABEC conference
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 12
Time Dependent Valuation
Example Home in Zone 16
Scope &
Applic
ation
Natural Gas Home
Type Heating Cooling Fans DHW Total % Better
Standard 42.56 13.45 10.6 20.54 87.16
Proposed 40.47 11.73 9.22 15.44 76.86 11.8%
Propane Home
Type Heating Cooling Fans DHW Total % Better
Standard 109.45 13.45 10.60 52.64 186.14
Proposed 104.24 11.73 9.22 39.58 164.78 11.5%
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 13
Updated Weather New weather data used in performance
Uses NREL dataset from 2009
Current data is from 1991
Data based upon historical average
New “reference cities”
Zone 6 - Torrance
Zone 8 – Fullerton
Zone 14 – Palmdale
Zone 15 – Palm Springs
Zone 16 – Blue Canyon
Climate zone boundaries remain the
same
Scope &
Applic
ation
Performance Modeling
ACM Manual and rules still under development
Modeling will use new simulation engine CSE (California Simulation
Engine) that is supplied by the CEC
Simulation will go from once per hour to 30 times per hour for more
accurate mass simulations
Run times will be slower
Credit for Photovoltaic systems in Climate Zones 9-15
CEC will maintain new Compliance Manager software that will
provide Standard/Proposed building rules modeling
All software vendors will use the same Compliance Manager plug-in
for Title 24 results
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 14
Scope &
Applic
ation
Performance Compliance Forms
Performance based Compliance forms will be developed in
electronic format (PDF) by the CEC
Compliance forms will be housed on a Web server (Internet)
Certified compliance tools will have to contact the web server
Project information will be uploaded by the software onto the server
Server will hand software back the completed CF-1R report as a
secure PDF
Any creation of a CF-1R will require Internet access to the CEC’s
server
For the HERS registration process, this secure CF-1R will be
uploaded to the HERS provider for registration and signatures, as
per current procedures
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 15
Scope &
Applic
ation
Envelope
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Residential Envelope
● Mandatory Measures
● Fenestration & Insulation
● Radiant Barriers
● Additions and Alterations
● Solar Zones
Mechanical
Lighting
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards
Mandatory Measures (Prescriptive & Performance)
Frame wall insulation minimum = R-13
Ceiling/Roof insulation minimum = R-30
Exception: Addition/Alteration = R-19
Raised floor insulation minimum = R-19
Vapor barrier on walls in Zones 14 & 16
All zones, unvented crawlspace vapor barrier
Maximum fenestration U-factor = 0.58
Typical of Double Pane Metal Frame Low E
Can average across entire home
Exception: up to 10 sqft (or 0.5% times floor area) of
fenestration
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 17
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Fenestration
Windows:
Prescriptive U-factor = 0.32 in all
climate zones
Prescriptive SHGC = 0.25 (except
zones 1,3, & 5)
Prescriptive maximum west area of 5%
(except zones 1,3,5 & 6)
While some areas may not require permits
for replacements, these windows would
still be required.
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 18
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For non-NFRC certified products
Can be used to determine thermal performance
for residential site-built fenestration
Reference Appendix NA6: Alternate Default Fenestration Procedure
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards
Equation NA6-1
UT=C1+C2xUC
UT = The fenestration product U-factor
C1 = Coefficient selected from Table NA6-1
C2 = Coefficient selected from Table NA6-1
UC = Center of glass U-factor
Equation NA6-2:
SHGCT=0.08+0.86xSHGCC
SHGCT = SHGC for the fenestration
including glass and frame
SHGCC = SHGC for the center of glass alone
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Cool Roofs
Prescriptive Requirement
Low-slope < 2/12 (zones 13, 15)
Reflectance > 0.63
Emittance > 0.75
OR
SRI > 75
Steep-slope > 2/12 (zones 10-15)
Reflectance > 0.20
Emittance > 0.75
OR
SRI > 16
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 20
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Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
Calculator
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/
2008standards/sri_calculator/
Insulation
Prescriptive ceiling insulation increases to
R-38 (zones 1, 11-16)
R-30 in zones 2-10
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 21
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Insulation
Prescriptive Wall Insulation
U-Factor = 0.065
R-15 in 2x4 wall cavity
Additional R-4 rigid over framing
members
or;
R-13 in 2x4 wall cavity
Additional R-5 rigid over framing
members
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 22
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Spray Foam Insulation
Closed Cell
R-5.8 per inch
Open Cell
R-3.6 per inch
Not required to fill entire
cavity
Alternate is to use tested
values from manufacturer,
but these must be listed with
the Bureau of Home
Furnishings
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Sta
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2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors January 2012
What the PE Is Verifying
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4.3.1 - A3
Table 4.3.1: Wood Framed Walls
What you see in
the CF-1R
0.102
What you find in
JA Table
2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors January 2012
Note tables de-rate insulation for framing impacts
Continuous Insulation (One coat Stucco etc)
R-Value rated by Manufacturer
Uses additional columns in table
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2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors January 2012
Table 4.3.1: Wood Framed
Walls
Advanced Framing
• Uses 24” OC section of table
Radiant Barriers
Prescriptive requirement in climate zones
2-15
Note in the case of a “sealed attic” there is
technically no attic space, so the radiant
barrier is not relevant in this case.
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Additions and Alterations
Clarifies that all IAQ requirements apply to
additions less than 1,000 sqft except the whole
house ventilation
Glazing replacements need to meet the
prescriptive criteria from prior slide
Exception applies if all items are met
Window Area <= 75 sqft
U-factor <= 0.40
SHGC <= 0.35 (zones 2, 4, 6-16)
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Optional Heat Recovery Ventilators
IAQ
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Used to meet Whole-building ventilation
January 2012 2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors 2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors
IAQ and Mechanical Ventilation (cont.)
January 2012
Example shows
operation heating
mode where the
cold air from
outside is heated
via the warm air
leaving the building.
Systems can do the
opposite when in
cooling mode.
Additions and Alterations
Two performance paths for analysis
Standard approach gives very little credit
Third party HERS verification allows full credit
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 29
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Standard Design for Alterations
Component Without HERS With HERS
Roof Insulation R-30 Existing Condition
Wall Insulation R-13 Existing Condition
Floor Insulation R-19 Existing Condition
Windows U=0.40, SHGC=0.35 U=0.40, SHGC=0.35
unless existing is lower
Window Film U=0.40, SHGC=0.35
Additions and Alterations
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Standard Design for Alterations
Component Without HERS With HERS
HVAC Efficiency 78% AFUE / 13 SEER Existing Condition
Duct Leakage 6% (new ducts) 15% (existing ducts)
Duct Insulation Proposed R-Value Existing Condition
Water Heater Std gas, 0.58 EF Existing Condition
Roofs Cool Roof, if required
All other measures Proposed Existing Condition
Roof Replacements
Low-slope < 2/12 (zones 13,15)
Reflectance > 0.65
Emittance > 0.75
OR
SRI > 75
Steep-slope > 2/12 (zones 10-15)
Reflectance > 0.20
Emittance > 0.75
OR
SRI > 16
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 31
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Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
Calculator
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/
2008standards/sri_calculator/
Steep Slope Cool Roof Trade-offs
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Steep Slope Roof Exceptions
Air-space of 1” is provided above the roof deck; or
The installed roofing product has a profile ratio of rise to width of 1 to 5
for 50 percent or greater of the width of the roofing product; or
Existing ducts in the attic are insulated and sealed according to Section
150.1(c)9; or
Buildings with at least R-38 ceiling insulation; or
Buildings with a radiant barrier in the attic meeting the requirements of
Section 150.1(c)2; or
Buildings that have no ducts in the attic; or
In climate zones 10-15, R-4 or greater insulation above the roof deck.
Low Slope Cool Roof Trade-off Table
2013 Title 24 Standards 33
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Low-slope Roofs
Aged Solar
Reflectance
Roof Deck
Insulation R-
Value
0.62-0.60 2
0.59-0.55 4
0.54-0.50 6
0.49-0.45 8
0.44-0.40 12
0.39-0.35 16
0.34-0.30 20
0.29-0.25 24
Low Slope Roof Exceptions
No ducts in the attic; or
Insulation at roof deck as shown in table
Single Family Solar Zones
Single family residences located in
subdivisions with ten or more single
residences
Application for subdivision map after Dec
31, 2013
Minimum roof area of 250 square feet
3+ stories and <= 2000 sqft, roof area
required is 150 sqft
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 34
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Solar Zone
Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof
No roof obstructions
Designed for weight of solar panels
The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no
dimension < 5 feet
Multi-Family Solar Zones
Multi-Family buildings
Minimum 15% of roof area
The solar zone shall be located on the roof or overhang of the
building or on the roof or overhang of another structure located
within 250 feet of the building or on covered parking installed with
the building
Exceptions are given in Section 110.10
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 35
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Solar Zone
Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof
No roof obstructions
Designed for weight of solar panels
The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no
dimension < 5 feet
Mechanical
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Envelope
Mechanical
● HVAC
● Return Ducts
● DHW
Lighting
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 37
HVAC
Mandatory HERS testing for new ducted
systems unless ducts are in conditioned
space
Same applies if doing a duct extension of
40+ feet of duct
New duct systems max 6% leakage
Existing duct systems
Max 15% leakage; or
Max 10% leakage to outside
HVAC bypass ducts not allowed
Minimum duct R-value = 6
Prescriptive duct R-Value = 8 (zones 11,
14-16)
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New efficiencies for DX air
conditioners
Implementation on Jan 1, 2015
Equipment < 65,000 Btuh 14
SEER
HVAC
2013 Title 24 Standards 38
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HVAC
Condensing units must be at least 5’ from
dryer vent outlet
Whole house IAQ fans require HERS
testing and verification
Continuous operation of HVAC fan not
allowed as IAQ approach
Prescriptive whole house fan required
zones 8-14
Listed in CEC appliance directory
Provides a minimum of 2 cfm/sqft of
floor area
Impact of not doing this in the
performance method not known since
tools are still not available
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 39
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Return Ducts
Mandatory return duct(s) sized per tables; or
Have HERS test for 350 cfm/ton & 0.58 w/cfm
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 40
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Single Duct
Cooling
Capacity
Minimum
Duct
Diameter
Minimum
Grill Area
1.5 tons 16” 500 in²
2 tons 18” 600 in²
2.5 tons 20” 800 in²
Multiple Duct
Cooling
Capacity
Minimum
Duct-1
Diameter
Minimum
Duct-2
Diameter
Minimum Grill
Area
1.5 tons 12” 10” 500 in²
2 tons 14” 12” 600 in²
2.5 tons 14” 14” 800 in²
3 tons 16” 14” 900 in²
3.5 tons 16” 16” 1000 in²
4 tons 18” 18” 1200 in²
5 tons 20” 20” 1500 in²
Domestic Hot Water
Gas or Propane water heaters serving
individual units
120 v outlet within 3 feet
Category III or IV (or B) straight pipe
vent
Condensate drain
Gas supply sized to deliver at least
200,000 Btuh (1-1/4” gas line?)
All hot water pipes ¾” or larger insulated
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 41
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Types recognized by standards:
Standard Water Heater – Storage Gas
50 gallons, gas fired, <75,000 Btu/h
Large Storage Gas – either
>50 gallons, gas fired
OR
>75,000 Btu/h
Storage Electric
Heat Pump Water Heater with storage
Tankless Gas
Tankless Electric
Boiler and Storage Tank (mostly multifamily)
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January 2012 2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors 2008 Residential Standards Essentials for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors January 2012
Domestic Hot Water
Prescriptive Multi-family
Demand control on recirculation loops
8+ Dwelling units require a minimum of
two recirculation loops
Solar System
● 20% Net Solar Fraction (NSF) in
zones 1-9
● 35% NSF in zones 10-16
Cannot install electric DHW unless
● No natural gas available
AND
● Provide 50% NSF solar system
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 43
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Lighting
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Envelope
Mechanical
Lighting
● Bathrooms
● Garages, Laundry Rooms & Utility Rooms
● Outdoor
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards
All lighting fixture requirements are
Mandatory Measures
No tradeoffs between lighting and other
features
Standards apply only to permanently
installed fixtures
Medium screw base treated as
incandescent
Overview of Residential Lighting
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2013 Title 24 Residential Standards
At least 50% of total rated wattage of
permanently installed kitchen lighting must be
high efficacy
No limits to total number of watts installed in a
residential kitchen
Permanently installed lighting that is internal to
cabinets shall use no more than 20 watts of
power per linear foot of illuminated cabinet
Lighting in Residential New, Adds, Alts
Kitchen Lighting
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Included in wattage calculations:
ballasts, transformers, and power supplies
Blank electrical boxes calculated as 180
watts of low efficacy lighting per electrical box
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards
Bathrooms
A minimum of one high efficacy luminaire
shall be installed in each bathroom
AND
All other lighting installed in each
bathroom shall be high efficacy or
controlled by vacancy sensors
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 47
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GU-24 CFL photo courtesy of
Conservation Law Foundation
Garages, Laundry Rooms & Utility Rooms
All hard-wired lighting must be high
efficacy lighting
AND
Must be controlled by a vacancy
sensor
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards 48
Re
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This concludes the Residential Title 24 Standards Training.
Questions?
2013 Title 24 Residential Standards