70% of AWS images80% of Azure’s Linux70% of Docker images65% of Large OpenStack70%The default platform for scale-out

Big software and little software

Mark Shuttleworth

the phase change of modern software

Free software is becoming expensive

Software cost

Operations cost

this is the age of big software

openstack mesos docker kubernetes dl4j tensorflow hadoop cloudfoundry ...

scarcity has shifted from code to ops

saas is really proprietary operations

next step is reusable, open source ops

postgres

logstashhdfscassandra

haproxy

appservers

Story

Walk around your developer desks and look at the whiteboards. This is what you’ll see - collections of services connected up to make applications.

What matters to the developer is what services are involved - not the details of how many machines there are, or which cloud they are on, or whether they are big machines or small machines, or whether all the services are installed on the same machine.

The picture captures the services.

Service orchestration is about focusing on the services, not the machines.

Let software decide what happens on a particular machine, you want your developers to focus on the services independent of the actual implementation.

Look familiar? Check your whiteboards ;)

db

Charms encapsulate operations

➔ installation➔ configuration➔ connections➔ upgrades and updates➔ scale-out and scale-back➔ health checks➔ operational actions➔ benchmarks

Charms are reusable open source operations

Juju is “open source SAAS operations”

meanwhile, at the edge of the network...

what does it cost to manage a linux box?

classic

kernel snap

snappy

os snap

app snapapp snap

kernel config

os writable files

app writable area

app writable areaany package can

write to any file

read-only snaps

writable spaces per snap

filesystem

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS supports snaps by default

Classic Ubuntu 16.04 Ubuntu Core 16

Kernel 4.4

“Deb” packages

“Snap” packages

Kernel 4.4 “Kernel Snap”

“OS Snap”

“Snap” packages

Transactional update and rollback

snapsnap

os snap

kernel snapkernel snap

os snap

kernel snap

os snap

app snap app writable area

os writable area

kernel writable area

kernel

os

appapp

writable areawritable area

Snaps are confined and isolated

app

writable area

app

writable area

Custom app store for any device

Control snap updates directly

Extend the operating system

Base OS is free, familiar Ubuntu

“Ubuntu Core enables ourapp store for open robots.”

Brian Gerkey, CEO