Post on 13-Jan-2016
description
Management of ODS Banks/”End of Life” ODS
English Speaking Caribbean Ozone Officers Regional Network Meeting
Antigua Barbuda March 2, 2011
R.J. Cooke Man-West Environmental Group Ltd.
Presentation Scope
• ODS Banks/ “EOL” ODS in context of ozone layer protection and the MP
• Nature of the EOL ODS issue
• EOL ODS mgt. steps and technologies Capture Destruction Validation
• Barriers to EOL ODS management
• Options to address barriers
• Approach for the Caribbean Region
ODS Bank and EOL ODS
• The ODS Bank is what is in productive use that has potential for atmospheric release (“consumption not yet emitted”).
• EOL ODS is no longer in productive use and without the prospect thereof (ODS that is now subject to atmospheric release).
• By definition EOL ODS excludes ODS that is recovered/reclaimed for future productive use.
• EOL ODS is a “waste” whose default management option results in global environmental damage.
• Essentially a “hazardous waste” requiring environmentally sound management (ESM) but generally without a local environmental/health risk.
ODS Bank/EOL ODS: Global Context
• ESM of the global ODS Bank and EOL ODS is one of the remaining ozone layer threats to be addressed by the MP.
• Capture and environmentally sound destruction of the global ODS Bank could theoretically have significant accelerating effect on ozone layer recovery.
• Parallel climate change impacts
• In practice the actual potential benefits of EOL ODS mgt. is much less due to practical limits on timing, ability and cost effectiveness of capture/destruction (CTC an exception)
• Unlike actual ODS phase out, management of ODS banks and EOL ODS is not subject to direct control measures under the MP.
Sources/Types of EOL ODS
• Refrigerants CFC-12, HCFC-22, HCFC blends Domestic/commercial appliances, large refrigeration & A/C
equipment
• Retained in Foams CFC-11, HCFC-141b, HCFC-22, HCFC-142b Domestic/commercial appliances, building materials,
packaging
• Fire protection systems Halon 1211, 1301,2402 Decommissioned systems
• Redundant/obsolete stocks, confiscations – MB
• Excess production/ by-products - CTC
Factors in Prioritizing EOL ODS Management
• Volume - CFCs (near term), HCFCs • ODP – CFCs, halons• GWP – CFC-12, HCFCs• Availability in quantity
GDP Population Originating sources
• Sector Accessibility Commercial/domestic refrigerants Halons
• Cost of capture/processing/destruction Form available Existing capture infrastructure/institutions Access to destruction capacity
EOL ODS Management ProcessCapture Destruction Validation
EOL ODS Capture -Refrigerant/Halons Removal from equipment Decision on future productive use (is it a
waste?) Consolidation/secure storage Ownership/care and custody arrangements Documentation/analysis Base on existing service infrastructure
upgraded for secure storage arrangements
EOL ODS Management ProcessCapture Destruction Validation
EOL ODS Capture -Foam Removal from equipment/application Process option 1:
Size reduce Package for destruction Consolidation/secure temporary storage
Process Option 2 Blowing agent extraction Potential integration with destruction
Ownership/care and custody arrangements Tracking/Documentation of origin/analysis
EOL ODS Management ProcessCapture Destruction Validation
EOL ODS Destruction
•Menu of technologies available – combustion and non-combustion (all have a thermal element), future potential for chemical dechlorination
•Practical Options High temperature incineration Co-disposal in industrial combustion facilities Pyrolysis/plasma arc
•Environmental performance requirements Destruction efficiency/destruction removal efficiency
(>99.99%) Unintended release emissions (PCDD/PCDF < 0.1 ng
TEQ/Nm3) )
•Documentation/due diligence safeguards to provide assurance of destruction and environmental performance
UNDP Demonstration Destruction Projects
• Original Concept - Demonstration of a range of destruction options
• Cuba: Capture capacity pre-established Cement kiln
• Columbia Incremental capture capability
(consolidation/storage) Export or regional specialty facilities
UNDP Demonstration Destruction Projects (2)
• Ghana: Incremental capture capability
(consolidation/storage) Test small local destruction versus export
• Brazil: Link to emerging appliance de-manufacturing
program Utilization of existing HW Mgt infrastructure or/and
or integrated de-manufacturing processing and destruction
Overall Conclusion: Using existing HW infrastructure has significant cost advantage
Barriers to EOL ODS Management
Technology/infrastructure/operational barriers relatively minor
Major practical barriers are:• Creditable institutional arrangements for
ownership care and custody• Regulatory controls to stimulate capture of
sufficient quantities to have any impact Emission bans EOL ODS a regulated hazardous waste Enforcement and meaningful penalties
• Financing a high cost of the EOL mgt. process
Financial Mechanisms to Support EOL ODS Mgt.
• Public assumption of financial liability
• Environmental stewardship charges
• Voluntary producer responsibility
• Energy efficiency incentives for retirement
• Carbon finance
• Convention based financing (MLF)
Potential Action in the Caribbean Region
• Characterized by: Low volume potential Widely distributed Absence of policy/regulatory/economic drivers Basic capture capacity available
• Action should focus on capture for future destruction
• Development of collective/regional capacity
• Coordination of policy and regulatory action
• Collective care and custody mechanism
• Destruction in the region unlikely
• Destruction likely financed by carbon finance/grants
Conclusions
Globally the amount of EOL ODS actually destroyed will be modest
Priority targets are CFC-12 and halons with CFC-12 having a narrow window over the next 5-10 years
High consuming countries (developed/developing) is where the impact can be maximized
EOL ODS needs to be regulated and managed as a hazardous waste
Initial focus should be on capture
Conclusions (2)
EOL ODS destruction not limited by technology
Limitations are institutional/regulatory/financial
LVC’s need to act collectively
Final destruction integrated with ESM HW management generally and carbon finance as this matures.
Thank YouQuestions?
Rick Cookerickcooke1@compuserve.com
Skype: manwestrjc