Post on 10-Apr-2018
Celia M. Reyes
Decentralization, Local Power and Women’s Rights
November 18-21, 2008
Mexico City
Making Services, Plans, and Budgets
Gender Responsive with CBMS:
The Philippine Experience
Outline of the Presentation
• Decentralization in the Philippines
• The GRB and CBMS: The
Convergence Points
• The CBMS-GRB methodology
• How has it been used?: Experience
from the Philippines
• Concluding Remarks
• The Philippines took a bold step of devolving
key governance functions to local
government units with the passing of the
Local Government Code of the Philippines of
1991 (RA 7160).
• Devolving authority to the local level
promised more Transparent, Participatory,
Responsive, Innovative, and Efficient delivery
of public services.
• Among the key tasks downloaded to local
government units is development planning
and budgeting .
Decentralization in the Philippines
Challenges in Local Planning and
Budgeting in the Philippines • Lack of disaggregated data on local
socioeconomic conditions
• Insufficient knowledge on priority issues / sectors
• Difficulty identifying individuals and households for targeted programs
• Very little knowledge of the socioeconomic and welfare status of the women and men in the localities
• Limited participation of other development actors (People’s Organizations and NGOs) in development planning and budgeting
Challenges in Local Planning and
Budgeting in the Philippines
• Budgeting and planning at the local
level mainly serve as compliance
documents rather than policy
documents
• Budgets and plans have minimal or
even non-recognition of the diverse
needs of women and men
• Gender and Development Budgets
tend to be unutilized or even mis-
utilized
The Results… • Shotgun approach to service delivery
planning and budgeting
• Guesswork- filled governance
• Near-sighted development programming and service delivery
• “Not too participatory” development plans
• GAD budget tends to serve as a “cookie jar”
• No means to track changing patterns, trends, budgetary efficiency
• “Gender blind” local development plans and budgets
• The CBMS-GRB project in the Philippines sought to help solve these issues and facilitate evidence based and gender responsive public service delivery.
• After a series of forums and workshops, the CBMS-GRB methodology was developed and piloted.
CBMS-GRB Initiative
GRB and CBMS:
Convergence Points
Point #1: Both interested in targeting & prioritization • GRB intends to analyze and formulate
budgets that truly respond to the needs of those who need it most
• CBMS as a tool enables empirically- based beneficiary targeting, needs identification, and prioritization of development initiatives
GRB and CBMS:
Convergence Points
Point #2: Both interested in
evidence-based policy making
• GRB examines government
budgetary and planning
documentations to analyze their
impacts to a diverse set of social
groupings (across gender, age,
social group, etc.)
• CBMS provides a multidimensional
view of welfare conditions at the
local level to aid policymaking
Number of
Purok children aged 0- 5
Number Percent
1 5 2 40.0
2 3 1 33.3
3 5 1 20.0
4 2 0 0.0
5 3 0 0.0
6 1 0 0.0
7 6 1 16.7
Total 25 5 20.0
Number of Malnourished Children
GRB and CBMS:
Convergence Points
Point #3: Both should be ongoing exercises
• GRB should be ideally carried out as a periodic exercise to analyze budgets as they are formulated and as these are spent.
• CBMS is done by carrying out different activities from data collection, processing, to validation and utilization. It is designed to be conduced periodically (ideally every 3 years)
A Quick Look at CBMS
• An organized way of collecting
information at the local level for use
of local government units, national
government agencies, NGOs, and
civil society for planning, program
implementation and monitoring
Key features of the CBMS
• LGU-Based while promoting
community participation
• Taps existing LGU/community-
personnel as monitors
• Has a core set of indicators but
system is flexible enough to
accommodate additional indicators
• Generates relevant information
down to the household and even at
the individual level (can provide
disaggregated data across sex, age,
civil status, etc.)
Advocacy and
Workplan
Data Collection
Data
Processing
Community
Validation
Database
Building
General Activities in
Implementing a CBMS
Analysis and
Planning
Dissemination
Program
Implementation
As a policy-making tool, GRB
needs a solid basis for it to be
firmly rooted in local level
planning and budgeting
processes.
Gender relevant programs
need a reliable information
source for performance M&E
Beneficiaries of gender-
related interventions need to
be identified and targeted to
optimize resources
CBMS as a monitoring tool is
lodged in local government
units
CBMS provides the needed
data for pragmatic M&E
activities
CBMS can generate the
needed gender-disaggregated
for targeting and resource
allocation
Why Use CBMS for GRB?
The CBMS-GRB: Its Features
• The CBMS-GRB is essentially based on the standard
CBMS methodology
• It retains some key features of the standard CBMS
(being LGU-based, multidimensional, census of
households)
• It includes enhancements that aim to collect other
key gender relevant information on different
aspects of human well-being: being educated, being
healthy, being empowered, being protected/ taken
cared of and having access to government
assistance
The CBMS-GRB Methodology
The Result:
gender responsive and
evidence-based budget
programs and
interventions
Analysis and
Planning
Dissemination
Database
Building
More enhanced
planning and
budgeting module More diversified
actors for the
community validation
exercises
Enhanced Data
processing system
Gender-sensitized
data enumerators
and supervisors
Enhanced data
collection
instruments and
Gender Sensitivity
Training
Community
Validation
Data
Processing
Advocacy and
Workplan
Data Collection
How has it been used?:
Experience from the Philippines
Escalante City is a small
rural city made up of 21
barangays (villages).
Population: 86,580 (Male:
51.20%; Female: 48.80%)
No. of Households: 18,935
Income: US$ 4.85 Million
On being educated (indicators on education - City of Escalante)
Indicator Results
Education
Children 6-16
years old
not attending
school, by type of
school (public or
private)
1
Percentage of children not
attending school is significantly
higher for males than females
FGDs revealed that young
males tend to work in farms to
augment household income
instead of going to school
2
Slightly greater proportion of
females attending private
schools
On being healthy… (indicators on health and nutrition – City of Escalante)
Indicator Results
Child deaths (aged
0-5 years old)
1. About 60 children aged
0-5 years old died
during the reference
year.
2. More girls died than
boys
On being healthy… (indicators on health and nutrition – City of Escalante)
Indicator Results
Women deaths due to
pregnancy related
causes
Six women died due to
pregnancy related causes
On being healthy… (indicators on health and nutrition – City of Escalante)
Indicator Results
Children aged 0-5
years old who are
malnourished
1. About 6% of children
0-5 years old are
malnourished.
2. More girls are
malnourished than
boys (377 vs. 315)
On being healthy… (indicators on water and sanitation – City of Escalante)
Indicator Results
Households without
access to safe water
supply
1. Half of the
households do not
have access to safe
water supply.
On being healthy… (indicators on water and sanitation – City of Escalante)
Indicator Results
Households without access
to sanitary toilet facility 1. Sanitation is a problem in the city as
59.4% of its households do not have
access to sanitary toilet facilities
Data validation revealed that limited
toilet access has cultural roots as
several households have been used
to not having sanitary toilets
LGU Responses
• Claim back the GAD budget as a first step to address women’s particular needs and concerns.
• No more indiscriminate use of GAD budget
• Review of development initiatives to align with the priorities
• Refocusing on job creation, health and education
• Integrate evidence from CBMS data to enhance planning and budgeting processes and set goals, targets and performance indicators
• Make the budget process participatory and empirically based
Benefits of CBMS-GRB in Escalante • THE CBMS-GRB has essentially helped address
these key development questions:
• What are the issues?
• Who should be helped?
• Where can they be found?
• What exactly do they need?
• How should the intervention be designed?
• How should this be provided?
Benefits of CBMS-GRB in Escalante
• Greater beneficiary targeting and project costing capabilities for different interventions
• Seasonal and emergency relief projects
• Employment projects (identifying possible local constituents to contact for local job fairs)
• Alternative Learning Systems (primarily for illiterate adults in the city)
• Cross checking of development project of village leaders (Barangay Captains who wish to access city level funds)
• Evidence-based GAD Plans and Budgets (deliberated upon by both male and female city department heads)
Benefits of CBMS-GRB in Escalante
• Ability to assess efficacy of previous development initiatives
• Ability of the local legislature to cross check departmental budgets for several services
• Greater involvement of other community stakeholders in development planning (via the FGDs and validation activities)
Benefits of CBMS-GRB in Escalante • The mayor can now say “NO” to political
accommodations
• Enabled better synergy administrative and service delivery city departments; local “Kingdoms” can now better work together
• The City can better prepare proposals for external funding or loan, partner with social groups, and with the provincial government of Negros Occidental
• The city can better track department performance with the socioeconomic data they obtained
• Discussions among social actors (LGU, PO’s, Business, etc) may now be conducted
The CBMS-GRB initiative was able to carry out the following tasks:
1. “Create” gender responsive budgets ( versus post budget analysis)
2. Mainstream the concerns of women into local development plans and budgets
3. Allow greater involvement of women and other marginalized sectors in the planning and budgeting processes (via the FGDs and the Validation exercises)
Concluding Remark