Post on 11-Mar-2015
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Headquarters U.S. Air Force
Lt Gen David DeptulaDeputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
Air Force ISR in a Changing World Changing Paradigms While
Optimizing “Low Density” to Meet “High Demand”
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Overview
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Changes in the Character and Complexity of Conflict
Tenets of Information Age Warfare …
Air Force ISR Transformation
Air Force Remotely Piloted Aircraft
Domains & Environments
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
20th Century WarfareA cultural divide of precision and information
Today: REAPER
Finding, Fixing Tracking …
Targeting, Engaging , Assessing...
WWI: ReconBalloon
WWII: Lockheed “Recce” P-38
Korea: N. American RB-45J
Vietnam: RF-101 Voodoo
Vietnam: RF-4C
Cold War: SR-71
Cold War: Space Today: GLOBAL HAWK
WWI : Verdun, FRWWII : Berlin, GE Korea: Seoul
VietnamDesert Storm Iraqi Freedom: Zarqawi
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2121stst Century challenges demand a new approach … Century challenges demand a new approach …
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 4
“Recce” P-38
B-17 Spotter Corps
“Recce” P-38
RF-101 Voodoo
0-2 Skymaster
0-1 Bird DogB-52
75 Days75 Days
14 Days14 Days
<10 Minutes<10 Minutes
Evolution of Technology, Information, and Culture Enabled Move Evolution of Technology, Information, and Culture Enabled Move from Segregation of Ops and Intel to Integration of Ops and Intel…from Segregation of Ops and Intel to Integration of Ops and Intel…
Number of WeaponsRequired to Target
Number of SensorsRequired to Target
RSI
RI
S ISR
Info in War RevolutionTechnology—Information—Organization
?
19431943 20092009
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 5
Non-Traditional Threats
Irregular
Disruptive Technologies
Cohesive units without a “chain of command” …
Able to act quickly …
Modern technology …
CatastrophicMass disruption & destruction no longer the purview of nation-states…Mass disruption & destruction no longer the purview of nation-states…
Islamabad Marriott Bombing: September 20, 2008
Mumbai, India Attack: 26-29 November, 2008
Driven by a cause …
Small numbers …
Dispersed & distributed …
Highly flexible adversaries:
US Airliner Attempted Attack:25 December, 2009
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 6
Traditional Threats
Cross Domain Dominance Challenged At All LevelsCross Domain Dominance Challenged At All Levels
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Security Challenges :A Myriad of “What Ifs”
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Emerging ASATCapability
Mid-termMid-termNear-termNear-term
AIRAIR
SPACESPACE
CYBERCYBER
Long-termLong-term Mid-termMid-termNear-termNear-term
Hybrid 4th Gen+ Fighters
SA-20 Proliferation
High-Performance Computing
Chinese Manned Space Program
Revitalized Russian Mil Space Program
Advanced DRFM
Long Range AAMs
SA-21
Nanotechnology
Biometrics
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
… Information in War: Finding, Fixing, Tracking…
… Precision in War: Targeting, Engaging, Assessing…
WWI: ReconBalloon
WWII: Lockheed “Recce” P-38
Korea: N. American RB-45J
Vietnam: RF-101 Voodoo
Vietnam: RF-4C
Cold War: SR-71
Cold War: Space TODAY: GLOBAL HAWK
TODAY: REAPER
WWI : Verdun, FRWWII : Berlin, GE Korea: Seoul
VietnamDesert Storm Iraqi Freedom: Zarqawi
INDUSTRIAL AGE WARFARE
INFORMATION AGE WARFARE
21st Century Challenges:Precision and Information Synergy
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The most important skill Airman will need in the 21st Century is the ability to rapidly acquire,
develop, and share information across the Joint Force, and at all levels of warfareThe most important skill Airmen will need in the 21The most important skill Airmen will need in the 21stst Century Century
Is the ability to rapidly acquire, develop, and shareIs the ability to rapidly acquire, develop, and shareInformation across the Joint Force, and at all levels of warfareInformation across the Joint Force, and at all levels of warfare
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
21st Century Challenges & Opportunities
Complex environment
New adversaries - New technologies
20th Century Challenge: Industrial Age Warfare … Focused on “Finishing”
21st Century Challenges: INFORMATION Age Warfare … Find/Fix is the biggest challenge
ISR is the “hub” of the 21st Century Operations
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Chronology:
-- Feb 06: CSAF establishes AF/A2 as 3-star Deputy Chief of Staff
-- Jul 06: 3-star DCS in place
-- Aug 06: AF Intel Summit: 90 days to develop ISR Way Ahead
-- Dec 06: New A2 Way Ahead approved and set into motion
-- Jul 07: Congress confirmed A2 as DCS for ISR (not just Intel)
-- Jul 08: AF ISR Strategy published, “Lead Turning the Future”
-- Apr/May 09: AF ISR and UAS Flight Plans approved
Intent:Intent: To improve our ability to provide global vigilance To improve our ability to provide global vigilance (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), global reach, (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), global reach,
and global power for the Nationand global power for the Nation
Intent:Intent: To improve our ability to provide global vigilance To improve our ability to provide global vigilance (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), global reach, (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), global reach,
and global power for the Nationand global power for the Nation
AF ISR Transformation:AF ISR Transformation:When … Why … and What?
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Tenets of AF ISR 21st Century Change
Domain neutral: ISR operates in ALL domains — Land,
Sea, Air, Space, Cyberspace
Synchronization & Integration: Inherent in ISR—we do “S & R” to get “I,” and the only way we get “I” is thru “S & R”
Capabilities & Effects: Moving away from planning and
managing by program elements, to ISR capability areas
Operations: ISR is no longer support to operations,
ISR is operations
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ISR – The center of America’s asymmetric advantageISR – The center of America’s asymmetric advantage
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c eI n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
VISION:
Transform AF Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) into a set of premier military intelligence organizations; with the most respected personnel; and the most valued ISR capability
APPROACH:
ORGANIZATION: Optimize presentation of Air Force ISR capabilities to other service, joint, & national users
PERSONNEL: Develop senior Air Force ISR leaders ready for 21st Century information age warfare
CAPABILITY: Plan, guide, and orchestrate Air Force ISR from a capability-based perspective
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21st Century ChallengeAir Force ISR Transformation
Creating an ISR enterprise where the source is transparent, Creating an ISR enterprise where the source is transparent, analysis is predictive, and distribution is immediateanalysis is predictive, and distribution is immediate
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c eI n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
AF ISR Transformation:Organization
AF ISR re-organized as an AF-wide enterprise
AF/A2 designated as Deputy Chief of Staff for ISR …not just Intel
AF ISR Agency (formerly AIA) established Jun 07; aligned as an AF-wide Agency to address air, space, and cyberspace ISR
AF Distributed Common Ground Systems (DCGS) re-aligned
Global organization matched to its global net-centric ISR fusion capability while retaining regional (MAJCOM) direction
Created ISR Groups combining Cryptologic and DCGS capabilities under direction of Component-Numbered Air Forces
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All aimed to expand ISR as an AF-wide enterprise providingAll aimed to expand ISR as an AF-wide enterprise providingMAJCOMs & COCOMs more ISR access than ever beforeMAJCOMs & COCOMs more ISR access than ever before
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c eI n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Officer: Seeing results – 1st AF COCOM J2 in 8-years Expanded number of AF ISR General Officers
Establishing better career paths from Captain to Colonel
Civilian: Path for HQ AF, Joint, National opportunities Codified a consistent career progression trajectory where
none had previously existed
Enlisted: Continuing to shape Enlisted transformation Increasing UAS, DCGS manning (~2500); parallels rising mission
Streamlined specialties from 36 to 14..better 21st Century posture
Stood Up new Targeting, ISR Ops, Analysis/Fusion courses
New “Intel Master Skills Course” for Senior NCOs
AF ISR Transformation:Personnel
ISR career paths to match 21st Century Demands …ISR career paths to match 21st Century Demands …
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c eI n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
AF ISR Transformation:Capabilities
AF ISR Strategy: defines AF ISR guidance, approach, goals AF ISR Flight Plan: identifies options for executing the strategy AF UAS Flight Plan specifying AF UAS ways, means, ends Theater ISR CONOP: provides a joint ISR methodology ISR center of excellence established at Nellis Established AF HUMINT for service-specific requirements Increased ISR capabilities in accelerated time frame From 5 x medium-altitude UAS CAPs in 2004 to 40 today… Transitioning to all MQ-9 force; 22/44X more cost-effective than MQ-
1B/C: WAAS development…10 times today’s images per platform starting in FY10 going to 65+
Project Liberty: MC-12W with FMV & SIGINT Less than 7 months from contract to delivery
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Unified planning to integrate ISR capability developmentUnified planning to integrate ISR capability development
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
AF ISR StrategyLead Turning the Fight
Introduce future security environment The next 20 years will not look like the last Constant friction of disruptive technologies Need for anticipatory vice reactive ISR
Strategy seeks organization to integrate the ISR enterprise as a cross-domain function AF ISR previously consisted of separate
elements in separate commands operating in separate domains
Shifts human location from platforms to global architectures Access ISR operations and analysis via reachback
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Creating an ISR enterprise where the source is transparent, Creating an ISR enterprise where the source is transparent, analysis is predictive, and distribution is immediateanalysis is predictive, and distribution is immediate
Integrity - Service - Excellence 18
AF ISR Flight PlanResourcing the Strategy
Air Force ISR FLIGHT PLAN Lead Turning the Future ORGANIZATION
PERSONNEL
MATERIEL
• Database inventory of ISR capabilities; present, planned, and future• Ongoing identification of shortfalls • Direct access to COCOMs & MAJCOMs to input requirements
Steering document and “Strat-to-Task” process to drive Steering document and “Strat-to-Task” process to drive ISR capabilities from strategy to requirements to fundingISR capabilities from strategy to requirements to funding
Integrity - Service - Excellence
AF RPA Flight Plan:Vision for an remotely piloted future
An Air Force with… Remotely piloted aircraft that are fully integrated
across the full range of military operations
RPA that use automated control and modular “plug-and-play” payloads to maximize combat capability, flexibility and efficiency
Joint RPA solutions and teaming
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An informed industry and academia – knowing where we are going and what technologies to invest in
Capabilities-based Air Force RPA vision thru 2047Capabilities-based Air Force RPA vision thru 2047
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Air Force Core FunctionsWhat We Bring to the Fight
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Nuclear Deterrence Ops
Air Superiority
Space Superiority
Cyberspace Superiority
Command and Control
Global Integrated ISR
Global Precision Attack
Special Operations
Rapid Global Mobility
Personnel Recovery
Agile Combat Support
Building Partnerships
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Integrity - Service - Excellence
RPA Growth in AF Core Functions/Capabilities
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LegendCurrently Supporting
Near-term shortfalls
Long-term potential
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Close-in ISR, Lethal, SIGINT/DF
EA GAP
Small
Medium“fighter size”
Large“tanker size”
Special UAS
FY09 FY47
FighterRecap
CurrentCapabilityShortfalls
RQ-4 Blk 30RQ-4 Blk 40
+ASIP
RQ-4 Blk 10/20
EO/IR/SARMP-RTIP
Counterair, Missile DefenseMQ-Ma MQ-Mc
SEAD/AAR-T
Low Observable
ISR/EA
Large AircraftRecap
Scan Eagle
NextGen – Multi-Mission
Family of Transformers
MQ-9
MQ-1B
Tier II STUAS
WASP III
Raven
Personal ISR, Lethal, SIGINT, Cyber/EW, Counter UAS, Auto-sentry
NANO/MICRONano
MQ-La MQ-Lb MQ-Lc
NGLRSRJ/E-X C/KC-X
Hypersonic
Interoperable UAS C2
Today
Air-Launched SUAS
Indoor recon, indoor lethal/non-lethal, indoor comm, cyber attack, Swarming
ISR, Comm Relay, Lethal/Non-lethal, Cyber/EW, SEAD, SIGINT, Low Altitude Pseudo-Sats
ISR, Comm Relay, Lethal, SIGINT
MQ-Mb
EA/ISR/CAS
High Altitude Long Endurance
AF RPA Flight Plan:Function Areas
Integrity - Service - Excellence23
NanoNavigate / communicate
inside buildings
MicroClose-in reconnaissance
& situational awareness
Man-portable- ISR
- Time-Sensitive- Lethal
Family of Expendables- Close-In ISR- Expendable Jammers- Lethal- Counter Air- Precision Clandestine Resupply- Cyber attack
“SUAS Family of Transformers”- Personal ISR
- Lethal- SIGINT- Cyber/EW- Counter-UAV- AutoSentries
Multi-Mission- ISR
- Force protection- FID
Air-Launched- Close-in ISR
- Lethal- SIGINT/DF
Irregular WarfareIrregular Warfare
Anti-Access SupportAnti-Access Support
Increasing across all mission setsIncreasing across all mission sets
Tier II Joint- ISR- Comm Relay- Lethal- SIGINT
Bio-Mechanicals- Indoor Reconnaissance
- Indoor Lethal- Indoor Comm
- Cyber attack
Next Gen Multi-Mission- ISR- Communications Relay- Lethal / Non-lethal- Electronic/Cyber Attack/SEAD- SIGINT/Low Altitude Pseudo-Sats- = New Mission areas
Now Future
Nano
Raven B
Wasp III
Switchblade SUASTechnical Demonstration
Scan Eagle
FinderSUAS
Voyeur SUASTechnical Demonstration
Artist Artist ConceptionConception
Future AL-SUASFuture AL-SUAS
Bio-Mechanicals- Indoor Reconnaissance
- Indoor Lethal/Non-lethal- Indoor Comm
- Cyber attack- Swarming
Lite Machine’sLite Machine’sConceptual SUASConceptual SUAS
GT AeroGT AeroConceptual Bandit SUASConceptual Bandit SUAS
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AF RPA Flight Plan:Small “Family of Systems”
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Specialized ISR
Collection
Dissemination
ISR
Comm Relay
EW
CAS
AAR-T
SEAD
Air Interdiction
Aeromedical Evacuation
Personnel Recovery
Mo
du
lar
Pa
ylo
ad
s
MQ-Xa
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MQ-1- Collection – SIGINT/FMV
- CAS
MQ-9- Collection – SIGINT/FMV
- CASMQ-9- Collection
- SIGINT/FMV- Wide Area Airborne ISR- SAR/GMTI
- CAS
MQ-Xb
MQ-Xc
Now Future
Specialized ISR
Collection
Dissemination
ISR
Comm Relay
EW
AAR-R
Mo
du
lar
Pa
ylo
ad
s
CAS
AAR-R&T
Dissemination
Specialized ISR
CAS
Collection
EW/ISR
Comm Relay
SEAD
Air Interdiction
Counter Air
CSAR
Strategic Attack
Mo
du
lar
Pa
ylo
ad
s
Missile Defense
AF RPA Flight Plan:Medium Systems
Integrity - Service - Excellence
Ground Moving Target IndicatorInformation Integration
ISR
Airborne Moving Target Indicator
EW
Airlift
Command and Control
AAR-R & TAirlift
Humanitarian AssistanceStrategic Attack
Global StrikeCAS
Air Mobility
Mo
du
lar
Pa
ylo
ad
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MQ-Lc
RQ-4 (Blk 20/30/40)- Collection: - Block 20
- Enh SAR- Enh EO/IR
- Block 30- Adv SIGINT
- Block 40- MP-RTIP Radar- GMTI and concurrent SAR- High Range Resolution- No EO/IR or SIGINT
MQ-La
RQ-4 (Blk10)- Collection – ISR
- Basic SAR- Basic EO/IR
MQ-Lb
Ground Moving Target Indicator
Information Integration
ISR
Airborne Moving Target Indicator
EW
AAR-RMo
du
lar
Pa
ylo
ad
s
Command and Control
Now Future
Ground Moving Target Indicator
Information Integration
ISR
Airborne Moving Target Indicator
EW
Humanitarian Assistance
Command and Control
AAR-R & T
AirliftMo
du
lar
Pa
ylo
ad
s
AF RPA Flight Plan: Large Systems
Integrity - Service - Excellence
MQ-X Key Concepts
Fully modular and upgradable Support future roles and
mission needs
Size, Weight and Power Maximize sensor &
weapons flexibility
High subsonic dash Force packaging and
responsiveness
Target area persistence
Survivable in contested environment
Fully modular and upgradable Support future roles and
mission needs
Size, Weight and Power Maximize sensor &
weapons flexibility
High subsonic dash Force packaging and
responsiveness
Target area persistence
Survivable in contested environment
Tanker
Sensor Truck
Missile Truck
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Integrity - Service - Excellence
DAS
LADAR
Hyperspectral
SIGINT
SAR
Ope
n S
enso
r B
us
WAAS
Advanced ISR Capabilities
Open architecture allowing modular sensors to be integrated quickly and inexpensively
Situational Awareness
Hyperspectral
Multi-stream Wide Area Sensor
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Integrity - Service - Excellence
Payload Flexibility
AGM-114 Hellfire
AGM-114 Hellfire+ GBU-12
+ GBU 39/40 SDB* + GBU-38 JDAM*
All of above+ External Fuel
+ Variety of Stores850 1,500 450 1,500 450
650 1,500150
200
Internal650 lbs
3,750 lbs
5,000 lbs
Max Payload(Inlcudes Sensors)
Mixed-load attack optionswithout giving up ISR capability or
significant range/endurance.
Internal storage for max range/enduranceExternal for max flexibility
* Planned Upgrades
Laser Guided RocketTurretedCannon
Air to Air Missiles
X
JAGM
X
MQ-1
MQ-9
MQ-X
ECM
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Analysts overwhelmed by “data crush”
Analysis and exploitation tools not keeping pace with sensor development and deployment
“Copy & Paste” approach to ISR fusion becoming the “norm”…revealing new ISR information becoming rare
“Hunt and not Gather” mentality pervasive in ISR operations…few resources and tools available to “cast-the-net” approach to analysis and fusion
21st Century Challenges:A new emerging problem set
Swimming in sensors… Drowning in Data…
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Wide Area Airborne Surveillance (WAAS)
30IOC 3rd Qtr FY10IOC 3rd Qtr FY10 Delivers 1st Qtr FY12Delivers 1st Qtr FY12TodayToday
MQ-1Observe single target
Single ROVER / OSRVT
MQ-1Observe single target
Single ROVER / OSRVT
MQ-9 advantages over MQ-12 x faster – more responsive
2 x higher – broader coverage10 x payload (versatile: sensor, weapons)
MQ-9Wide area coverage area
10-12 independent ROVER queries and potentially 50-60 clips through the
GORGON STARE ground station
MQ-9Wide area coverage area
10-12 independent ROVER queries and potentially 50-60 clips through the
GORGON STARE ground station
FMVIncrement 1
Gorgon Stare
Increment 2 Gorgon Stare
FMV – 30 fps
Gorgon Stare – 2 fps
MQ-9Better area overage and resolution 10-12 independent ROVER queries
and potentially 50-60 clips through the GORGON STARE ground station
MQ-9Better area overage and resolution 10-12 independent ROVER queries
and potentially 50-60 clips through the GORGON STARE ground station
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 31
Why “CAPs” Should Not be Used as a Measure of ISR Sufficiency
WAAS QRC 2 Delivery
WAAS QRC 1 Delivery
WAAS with ROVER = 10 Video Streams
WAAS with Ground Station = 50 Video
Streams
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 32
How to Get the Most ISR Soonest:Focus on “Output” Instead of “Input”
WAAS QRC 1
WAAS QRC 2
WAAS Program of Record
WAAS Program of Record
Integrity - Service - Excellence
21st Century Challenges: AF ISR Distributed Operations
Approximately 1100 ISR Airmen deployed—however, more than 5,000 Airmen executing ISR operations for
the COCOMs every day
Deployed ISR
Entire AF ISREnterprise
Minimizing forces deployed forward allows us to project power without projecting vulnerability...
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Integrity - Service - Excellence
DISRUPTIVECATASTROPHIC
IRREGULARREGULAR
Domains & Environments: A cautionary note…
AIR SPACE CYBERSPACE GROUND MARITIME
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Integrity - Service - Excellence
DENIEDCONTESTED
PERMISSIVE
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Domains & Environments: A cautionary note…
AIR SPACE CYBERSPACE GROUND MARITIME
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
America’s Asymmetric Advantage… Ops From the Third Dimension
“Tanks And Armor Are Not a Big Deal...The Planes Are The Killers. I Can Handle Everything But The Jet Fighters”
- Conversation Between Taliban Field Commanders 2008
“Tanks And Armor Are Not a Big Deal...The Planes Are The Killers. I Can Handle Everything But The Jet Fighters”
- Conversation Between Taliban Field Commanders 2008
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“The drones are very effective ...[in attacking us]- Taliban Field Commander 2009
“The drones are very effective ...[in attacking us]- Taliban Field Commander 2009
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Headquarters U.S. Air Force
Lt Gen David DeptulaDeputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
Air Force ISR in a Changing World Changing Paradigms While
Optimizing “Low Density” to Meet “High Demand”