Post on 29-May-2015
description
OI’s CASE STUDY
Alberto Boaventura
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas +55 21 8875 4998
LTE Latin America 2012
17-18 April 2012 Windsor Barra Hotel,
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
Presentation Duration:
6 h and 30 min!!!
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
What is LTE?
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a standard for wireless high-speed data to mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the GSM / EDGE and UMTS / HSPA, totally over IP, with the
increased capacity and throughput using new modulation techniques, smart antenna systems and self-organizing network.
ITU-R M.2034
Spectral Efficiency
DL 15 bits/Hz
UL 6.75 bits/Hz
Latency
User Plane < 10 ms
Control Plane < 100 ms
Bandwidth
ITU-R M.2034 40 MHz
ITU-R M.1645 100 MHz
ADVANCED
IEEE 802.11ac (<6 GHz)
IEEE 802.11ad (>60 GHz)
IEEE 802.16m
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OFDM Flexibility
Flat Architecture
MIMO
Self Organized Network
Evolution
What is LTE?
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
OFDM and Flat Architecture
DMS Codif. IFFT Ik/Qk Ik/Qk
Subbands
f t Duração do
Símbolo
DA
S5
Architecture, protocols, interfaces completely based on IP
There is no longer the controlling element of the access network (BSC / RNC), with mobility management functions performed by the ENB.
There is no longer the domain CS (Circuit Switched) services and legacy will be emulated by IMS (SMS and Voice)
Seamless integration with non-3GPP access (eg Wi-Fi/WLAN)
General simplification in RMM state machine
E-UTRAN Evolved Packet Core
SAE (System Architecture Evolution)
X2 S11
PCRF
HLR/HSS
OCS/ OFCS
Internet
S5 S-GW P-GW
MME
IMS
S1-AP
Gx
Rx S6a
SGi
Gy/Gz
Sy
Ro/Rf
Sh
Sp
New air interface based on OFDM (UL SC-OFDMA & DL OFDMA)
OFDMA is quite similar with respect to FDMA frequencies the division for information transfer;
It uses the encoding process modulated in sub -bands with orthogonal carriers;
General air interface control plane simplification for latency reduction
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex)
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MIMO & SON
Diversity: Same signal Multiplexing: Different signals Beamforming
SNR
BER
min(NTx , NRx) Antenna
Cap
acit
y
SIN
R
Time
Self-Planning & Dynamic Re-planning
Plug and Play
Automatic Configuration and setup
Self Adjustment
Real time network adjustments
Self Repair
Automatic and quick failure mitigation
Self-Configuration Self-Optimization Self-healing
Automatic Inventory Automatic Neighbor Relations
X2
Smallcells
Control for effective interference between cells (inter-cell inerference)
Heterogeneous Network
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)
Self Organized Newtork
Essential tool to increase coverage and capacity
Two modes:
Coordinated scheduling & Beamforming
Joint processing/transmission
MIMO + SON = Coordenation Multi-Point (CoMP)
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Flexibility & Evolution
Cobertura: < 1 GHz
Cobertura ou Capacidade: > 1 GHz & <2 GHz
Capacidade: >2 GHz
Combined used for LTE Advanced
20 MHz 15 MHz 10 MHz
5 MHz 3 MHz
1,4 MHz Different supported bandwidth TDD & FDD
UL DL
Freqüência
FDD
DL UL
Tempo
TDD
Several supported bands
43 bands are defined in Rel. 10
Rational Band Usage: Bands in World:
Band 3GPP (LTE) Status 700 MHz Bands 12, 13 & 14 USA, Colômbia & Peru 800 MHz Band 20 (DD) Europe DD, Germany, UK, Sueden
850 MHz Band 5 Korea
1800 MHz Band 2 Europe
AWS Band 4 USA 2100 MHz Band 1 Japan 2300 MHz Band 40 Asia 2600 MHz Band 7 Europe
3GPP Releases and world introduction expectation
DL:474 kbps UL:474 kbps
EDGE (Rel 7)
DL:1,89 Mbps UL: 947 kbps
E-EDGE (Rel 8)
DL: 300 Mbps UL: 45 Mbps BW: 20 MHz
LTE (Rel 8)
DL: 28 Mbps UL: 11,5 Mbps
BW: 5 MHz
HSPA+ (Rel 7) DL: 42 Mbps
UL: 11,5 Mbps BW: 5 MHz
HSPA+ (Rel 8) DL: 84 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps BW: 10 MHz
HSPA+ (Rel 9) DL: 168 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps
BW: 20/10 MHz
HSPA+ (Rel 10)
2010- 2010 2011 2012 2013
DL: 1.2 Gbps UL: 568 Mbps BW: 40 MHz
LTE (Rel 10) Network resources
optmization
LTE (Rel 9)
2013+
DL:> 1.2 Gbps BW: 100 MHz
LTE (Rel 11)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Release 8
Release 9
Release 10
Release 11
IMT Advanced
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
What does LTE stand for?
Mobile Broadband TCO Reduction New Services
M2M Brazilian Policies LTE Trial
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
Mobile Broadband
Fixe
d &
Mo
bile
Acc
ess
es
(M
illio
ns)
Fixe
d &
Mo
bile
Bro
adb
and
(M
illio
ns)
0,0%
20,0%
40,0%
60,0%
80,0%
Local LD
18 a 24
25 a 34
35 a 44
45 a 54
55 a 64
65 ~ 0
100
200
0
500
1000
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
Fixed telephone linesMobile cellular subscriptionsFixed broadband subscriptionsMobile broadband subscriptions
Substitution or Convergence?
Source: Femtoforum
Mobile devices are preferred in the younger
generations for the establishment of
telecommunications services.
In Latin America, it is expected that the number
of mobile broadband access to overcome the
fixed in 2012.
Source: ITU/ICT/MIS Growth in Mobile Broadband
Source: Cisco VNI 2010
Video is now 40% of Internet traffic, and will
reach 61% by 2015 .
6.3 exabytes per month across the mobile network by 2015, 4.2 exabytes will
be due to video.
At the same time, it is expected that the average
grows exponentially. In Brazil, the growth is 82%
year-on-year by 2015 according to Cisco
0 Mbps
1 Mbps
2 Mbps
3 Mbps
4 Mbps
5 Mbps
6 Mbps
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
América Latina
America do Norte
Europa Ocidental
Brazil
Source: Cisco VNI 2010
McKinsey estimates that “a 10% increase in broadband’s household penetration delivers a boost to a country’s GDP that ranges from 0.1% to 1.4%.
Booz estimates that broadband penetration of 10% higher a year is related to the 1.5% growth in labor productivity over the next five years.
Broadband, people's welfare and progress
When a person is connected, his life changes!
384
130 67 39
238
29%
23%
14% 13%
4%
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
0 MM
100 MM
200 MM
300 MM
400 MM
500 MM
China India Brasil Russia USA
1.8 B & Internet Users Growth +13% year-on-year
18.8T Minutes & Growth +21% year-on-year
The Internet and broadband continue to grow
Users
Growth
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New Services & M2M Mainframe-> Mini-> Desktop -> Smartphones/Tablets
5 trends for convergence: MBB + Social Networking + Video + VoIP + usability in
different devices
1960 1970 1980 1990 2020+
Mainframe Mini
Desktop
Internet
Internet Móvel
1 MM+ 10 MM+ 100 MM+
1 B+
10 B+
The significant growth forecast for the mobile Internet is justified by the integration of
features (for personal use) in a single device, making it in some years, the primary device
from the desktop.
It is estimated that the demand for Tablet can surpass 100 million shipments by 2012
Smartphones and tablets, in particular, catalyze the demand for the business market,
allowing a marriage to the world of IT through Cloud Computing
2010 2015 2020
1st Phase: Vertical Applications 2nd Phase: Regulation 3rd Phase: Internet of Things
Applications:
POS
Fleet Management
Tracking
Mobile Payment
Monitoring Cameras
Energy Meters
Toll Payment
eCall
Remote Maintenance
Media Synchronization
Health Monitoring
Applications:
POS
Fleet Management
Tracking
Mobile Payment
Monitoring Cameras
Energy Meters
Toll Payment
Applications:
POS
Fleet Management
Tracking
Mobile Payment
50 billion connected
devices by 2020
Machine to Machine
Telecom + Transportation + Utilities + Health +
Government = Smart Cities
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
TCO Reduction
Domínio de Voz Domínio de Dados
Tráfego (Custo)
Receita
Service Throughput & Volume
Price € Cost/ Mbyte
Price/ MByte
Releative Price
SMS 160 Bytes €0.15/ mensagem
€ X € 1.000 400.000
Voz 10 kbps 0.05 a € 0.5 o minuto
€ Y € 0.7 - € 7 300 - 3000
Dados (3 GBytes)
3 GBytes €20 / mês € Y/5 € 0.007 3
Mobile TV Unicast (50 hrs)
50 horas @ 100 kbps
€5 / mês € Y/5 € 0.0023 1
Dilemma of Broadband: Decoupling Revenue and Traffic
The relative price per Mbyte when compared to broadband is:
400,000 times greater for SMS and
300-3000 times greater for the voice
service.
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
3G (1) 3G (2) 3G (3) 3G (4)
3a. Portadora
2a. Portadora
NodeB
LTE (X)
Cost per Base Station: LTE vs 3G
0,0000
1,0000
2,0000
3,0000
0 500 1000
1800 MHz (10) 2600 MHz (20)
HSPA+ HSPA+ (DC)
0,0000
0,0500
0,1000
0,1500
0,2000
0 20 40 60
1800 MHz (10) 2600 MHz (20)
HSPA+ HSPA+ (DC)
Base Station Density (eNB/km2 ) vs User Density (users/km2)
Low density High density
Source: Planejamento/2011 Source: GTEC/2011
Source: Agilent (LTE World Summit 2010)
CapEx
Self Organized Network
OpEx
Self-Planning & Dynamic Re-planning
Self-Configuration
Self-Optimization
Self-healing
Based on "Heavy Reading: 4G/LTE Insider 2010"
The estimated savings in OpEx is 40%
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PNBL
Source: IPEA 2009/ITU ICT/MIS 2010/Cisco VNI 2010
PPP
0%
10%
20%
30%
$0,00 $50,00 $100,00
México
Brasil
Argentina
Venezuela
Colômbia
Peru
Chile
USA
Ho
me
pen
etra
tio
n
Fixed Broadband: Penetration vs Price
Accesses/Home Per Capita Income
North 13,5% R$ 449,00
Northeast 4,0% R$ 381,00
Center-West 20,0% R$ 760,00
Southest 23,8% R$ 748,00
South 21,3% R$ 759,00
Fixed Broadband: Penetration and Income regional distribuition
Source: PNBL 2009
Broadband access definition: an access with traffic flow such as to allow consumers, individual or corporate, fixed or mobile, to enjoy, with quality, a bundle of services and applications based on voice, data and video.
Private Fixed Access Equipment (Urban and Rural):
30 million fixed broadband access (urban and rural), adding to the access in homes, companies and
cooperatives.
Private Fixed Access Equipment (Urban and Rural):
2014
Bringing broadband access to 100% of the organs of government,
including: administration, rural public schools (70k), health facilities
(177k), public libraries (>10k), law enforcement agencies (>14k).
Public Fixed Access Equipment (Urban and Rural):
60 million mobile broadband access: terminals voice / data
(with active data service) and data modems only.
Mobile Broadband Access:
Offer Policy
New edition PGMU III and Review of Concession Agreements General Plan Competition – PGMC New frequency bands (450, 2600, 3500 MHz) Regulating resale of services Regulation of infra/net sharing Regulation of Significant Market Power – PMS Additional regulation for the SCM Revision of Regulations for Compensation Network Deploying converged license Definition of traffic exchange points – PTT Reduce the cost of SCM license for small providers Granting of new concessions to TV via cable
Restraint of tying Computers for All Program Tax exemption by the Union and Federation States FISTEL differentiated regime for small providers of SCM
Demand Policy Quality Policy
Regulation of Quality of Services Regulation of Network Neutrality
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
P W X T U P W X V1 V2 V1 V2
Auction for 450 MHz & 2500 MHz 2
50
0
25
70
26
20
26
90
Wide country license (15+15 years) Mobile operators only (SMP)
Per local area (15 +15 years) Multimedia and mobile operators (SMP & SCM)
45
0
45
8
46
0
46
8
1 subband FDD 7+7 MHz
45
1
46
1
SLP
e
SLE
SAR
C
SMP, STFC e SCM
S
LMP
SAR
C
SMP, STFC e SCM
SLP SLP
2600 MHz
450 MHz
Type A (Lot1)
450 MHz
Type C (Lot 6 - 9)
2600 MHz
Winner?
Type B (Lot 2 - 5)
450 e 2600 MHz
Yes
No
Lot 1 – Highest discount offered on plan and wholesale for individual accesses and Payphone.
Lot 2 till 76 – Highest price offered at final bid presentation.
Auction Dynamics
Coverage Obligations
450 MHz 2600 MHz
20
12
Service for access to broadband Internet, free of charge in all public schools located in rural area of service provision;
Availability of towers and other infrastructure implementation support, transport to the fulfillment of commitments covered by the winning bidder of Lot 1 (450 MHz separately) up to the shared costs
20
13
2
01
4
20
15
2
01
7
Municipalities between 30 k and 100k inhabitants, there will be at least one provider at 2.5 GHz; Service offerings in technological conditions equivalent to 3G. 30% Municipalities below 30k, with superior technology than 3G. (Dec/2017)
Download throughput of 1 Mbps, upload 256 kbps, and a minimum monthly 500 MB Overage-Free. Can be met using another radio frequency. As the schedule PGMU. (Dec/2017)
Host Cities of das Confederations Cup (Apr/2013) Host and Additional Cities for FIFA World Cup 2014 (Dec/2013)
30% of municipalities. (Dec/2013)
60% of municipalities (Dec/2014) Capitals, municipalities with more than 500k inhabitants and also the Federal District (Dec/2014)
100% of municipalities (Dec/2015)
Municipalities with more than 200k inhabitants (Dec/2015)
20
16
Municipalities with more than 100k inhabitants (Dec/2016)
20
18
60% Municipalities below 30k, with superior technology than 3G. (Dec/2018)
20
19
100% Municipalities below 30k, with superior technology than 3G. (Dec/2019)
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
LTE Trial
Program for testing systemic compliance and performance to:
Technology Internalization Technology, architecture, end-to-end service evaluation Anticipation and assessment of potential problems in future implementation Evaluation of suppliers
Goals
Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2
Standard compliance tests
Systemic tests
Special feature tests Outdoor performance tests
Trial Participants:
Altogether there were nine companies involved with more than 100 professionals, to perform planning,
installation, configuration and execution over 50 tests in access, core and IMS network.
Cabo Frio (ALU)
Itaguaí (NSN)
Araruama (Huawei)
Macaé (ZTE)
Teresópolis (Ericsson)
Access Network Transport Network Core Network IMS & PCRF
Scope of Trial:
Complete 2G/3G/4G Mobile Network
Overview:
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Trial Topology
Logical Topology
Metro Ethernet
MSS HLR/HSS MGW
PCRF SGSNMME
GGSN S-GW P-GW
IMS
IP Radio
PTN
PTN JDSU’s Probe
Outdoor Indoor (Oi-Lab)
Switch LAN
eNB
eNB
GERAN UTRAN
eUTRAN
S1-U
Gn/S11
PCRF
HLR/HSS
Internet
Gi/SGi
GGSN S-GW P-GW
SGSNMME IMS
S1-AP
Sp Sh
SGs/Sv
Gm
Mc C
Rx
MSS MGW PSTN/
PLMN
S1-U
S1-AP
X2
X2
Gx
C A/IuCS
Gb/IuPS
Oi-Lab and Indoor
environment
Outdoor environment
GERAN UTRAN
eNB
eNB
eNB
Physical Topology
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Phase 0: Tests in Detail
Latecy Attach latency Idle to Active latency User plane latency, ping
32/1000/1500Bytes, pre-scheduled
User plane latency, ping 32/1000/1500Bytes, non-pre-scheduled
Single User Throughput Single user peak throughput,
Downlink UDP Single user peak throughput,
Downlink TCP Single user peak throughput,
Uplink UDP Single user peak throughput,
Uplink TCP
MIMO Scheme Testing Downlink TCP Throughput at
Cell Edge with 2*2MIMO Transmit Diversity Configuration
Downlink TCP Throughput at Cell Edge with 2*2MIMO Adaptive Configuration
Cell Capacity Downlink TCP/UDP cell peak
capacity with PDCCH symbol adaptive of 6 UEs
Uplink TCP/UDP cell peak capacity of 6 UEs
Downlink TCP/UDP cell peak capacity, 1 GBR with 5 NGBR with PDCCH adaptive
Uplink TCP/UDP cell peak capacity, 1 GBR with 5 NGBR Security Management
Authentication Subscriber data and signaling
confidentiality NAS encryption and integrity
protection, EIA1 and EEA1 algorithm supported
NAS encryption and integrity protection, EIA2 and EEA2 algorithm supported
NAS encryption, NULL algorithm supported
SON Automatic Neighboring Relation
Policy Charging Control Bandwidth control according
subscriber category Policy Charging Control based on
services Bandwidth control according
P2P service by predefined PCC rule
Bandwidth control according FTP service by predefined PCC rule
Bandwidth control according busy time
Policy Charging Control based on quota usage status Bandwidth control according
quota usage status on session level
Bandwidth control according quota usage status on service level
EPC Pooling S1-Flex based on the MME load S1-Flex redundancy under the
outage of MME with failover scenario
PDN GW and Serving GW Selection based on the Integrated Strategy
PDN GW and Serving GW Selection based on the Priority
PDN GW and Serving GW Selection based on the Weight
PDN GW and Serving GW Selection based on the Topologically Closest
IPV6 IPV6 address allocation by
PDNGW Static IPv6 Address subscribed in
the HSS Dynamic IPv4IPv6 Address
subscribed in the HSS
LTE Mobility with Legacy Networks UL IRAT • Redirection without
measurements from LTE to UMTS
• Reselection from LTE to UMTS from LTE to UMTS
GL IRAT • LTE to GERAN cell reselection
for a PS attached UE in idle mode
• LTE to GSM redirection without measurement
VoIP by IMS Attach & Register
Attach to EPC and register to IMS
De-Registration initiated by subscriber
De-Registration initiated by HSS
Authorization Registration Authentication
- SIP Digest Session Authentication - SIP
Digest Voice call
Voice call Failure call - callee busy Failure call - callee not
registered Failure call - callee no
answer
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
Phase 0: A Sample Results
0 ms
200 ms
400 ms
600 ms
Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Vendor 5
Attach latency Idle to Active latency
0,0 ms
10,0 ms
20,0 ms
30,0 ms
Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Vendor 5
Ping 32 Ping 1000 Ping 1432
Latency
Single User Throughput
85,0 Mbps
90,0 Mbps
95,0 Mbps
100,0 Mbps
105,0 Mbps
Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Vendor 5UDP TCP
0,0 Mbps
20,0 Mbps
40,0 Mbps
60,0 Mbps
Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Vendor 5
UDP TCP
Cell Capacity (Per user throughput @ 6 UEs)
0,0 Mbps
10,0 Mbps
20,0 Mbps
30,0 Mbps
Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Vendor 5
UDP TCP
0,0 Mbps
5,0 Mbps
10,0 Mbps
Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Vendor 5
UDP TCP
Downlink Uplink
Downlink Uplink
Control Plane User Plane
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
Both modes (A & B) Bandwidth 10 and 20 MHz Throughput test for DL and UL FTP session over UDP and TCP Collected information: Lat/Long,
Throughput, SINR, RSRP, CQI, RI, PMI, MCS. Coverage plot
Phase 2: Tests in Detail
Two test modes
(B) User Mobility (A) User Static
SINR < 6 dB 6 dB < SINR < 13 dB, SINR > 13 dB
Drive Test, considering user mobility route around the base station with a speed of 30-50 km/h.
Test 1: Throughput
Mode A Only Multiple Users Capacity: DL and UL load
distribution 4:0:0 of 50%, 100% in the neighboring cells
Average Cell Capacity: DL and UL for load distribution 1:2:1 of 50%, 100% in the neighboring cells
Test 2: Cell Capacity
Both modes (A & B) Attach Idle to Active User Plane – ping 32/1000/1500 Bytes pre-
schedule User Plane – ping 32/1000/1500 Bytes non
pre-schedule
Test 3: Latency
Mode A Only For UL/DL in two adjacent cells. ICIC: With UE1 UE2 in the middle and the
edge of two cells. Tests with and without ICIC - measuring rate, RSRQ, SINR
(Uplink Interference Rejection: A site with 1:0:1 distribution, and another with 0:0:2 distribution. Evaluate & MRC IRC
Test 4: Interference Management
Mode B Only Accessibility Test: Attach, start FTP session
with duration of 60s, detach, wait 12 seconds and repeat. KPI to measure success rate;
Retainability. Establish a session, and move between the cells several times for investigating interfaces X2 and S1. Measuring KPI maintenance session
Test 5: Mobility Management
Mode A Only Intra freq ANR for the green field Intra-Freq MLB mobility load balancing
Test 6: Self Organized Network
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Phase 2: Border and Spectral Efficiency Test Results
0,0 bps/Hz
2,0 bps/Hz
4,0 bps/Hz
6,0 bps/Hz
8,0 bps/Hz
-10,0 dB -5,0 dB 0,0 dB 5,0 dB 10,0 dB 15,0 dB 20,0 dB 25,0 dB
Shannon
3GPP
Vendor A
Vendor B
Vendor D
Vendor E
0,0 bps/Hz
3,0 bps/Hz
6,0 bps/Hz
9,0 bps/Hz
12,0 bps/Hz
15,0 bps/Hz
0,25 km 0,50 km 0,75 km 1,00 km
Shannon
3GPP
Vendor A
Vendor B
Vendor C
Vendor D
Vendor E
Spectral Efficiency vs SINR
Spectral Efficiency vs Distance
SINR vs RSRP
4 to 5 bps/Hz
3.25 to 4 bps/Hz
2.5 to 3.25 bps/Hz
1.75 to 2.5 bps/Hz
1 to 1.75 bps/Hz
0.5 to 1 bps/Hz
0.25 to 0.5 bps/Hz
0 to 0.25 bps/Hz
Coverage Plot
Note: It was used Okumura-Hata for Shannon and 3GPP estimation
-10
0
10
20
30
-130,0 dBm -110,0 dBm -90,0 dBm -70,0 dBm
Vendor A
Vendor B
Vendor C
Vendor D
Vendor E
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
The main application (or killer app) is customer experience. And it is improved by using a service with superior quality.
Boot-time is one of the most important attribute for Tablets compared
to Notebooks. Today, the users are looking for anytime and anywhere
services with readiness and instantaneously. Even in simple web page
navigation, quick access is imperative.
Wi-Fi popularity pushes a customer expectation for more throughput in
macro outdoor coverage.
Social networks require greater capacity for data transfer in the uplink
in order to post pictures, videos, update contacts etc.
According to GSA, there are today over 3,362 HSPA+ devices launched
by 272 suppliers. However, there are only 245 HSPA+ devices that can
support 42 Mbps, and a few that can support 84 Mbps.
Final Words