• The year 1972• One

Uruguayan rugby team

• Stranded for 72 days

• 16 survivors

This is their story…

AN AMAZING STORY OF SURVIVAL

• Allegory

• Theme

• Symbolism

REVIEW: WHAT WE KNOW…

Allegory – a form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions take on meanings that lie outside the story itself. In this case, characters are often personifications of abstract ideas. Allegorical stories have two meanings: one literal and one symbolic

Three types:

• Moral• Social• Religious

ALLEGORY IN LORD OF THE FLIES

GOALS FOR THE LESSON:• To understand how an author can use

symbols to illustrate his message to the reader (theme).

• To explain how the story of Lord of the Flies can also serve as a parable of our current times.

Chapter 12

Universal Theme – A message that extends beyond the text, applying to life and the human condition.

Parable – A story that

illustrates a moral lesson.

LITERARY DEVICES

Symbols AllegoryUnivers

al theme

Parable

How does it all fit together?

WHAT DO THESE TWO HAVE IN COMMON?

WHAT DO THESE TWO HAVE IN COMMON?

WHAT DO THESE TWO HAVE IN COMMON?

Black Friday

Mob MentalityResponsibili

ty

• Ralph tries to balance Piggy, Simon and Jack, but is unsuccessful.

• Therefore, the group falls into chaos and Ralph turns into a brute beast.

Ralph = common

sense

Piggy = intellect

Jack = emotions

Simon = soul

THE MORAL ALLEGORY

• Ralph tries to balance Jack, Piggy, and Simon but fails.

• Power warps technology, destroys humanism and attempts to abolish government.

Ralph = government

Jack = power

Piggy = technology

Simon = humanism

(Maslow)

THE SOCIAL ALLEGORY

• Ralph, with the hope of salvation, belittles intellect, and can’t understand spiritual truth.

• Eventually, Ralph disregards spiritual truth in favor of his own physical appetites and desire for violence and thrill-seeking

Ralph = everyman

Piggy = intellect

Simon = spiritual truth

Jack = temptation

THE RELIGIOUS ALLEGORY

Ralph Jack Piggy Simon

Intellect power technology

Common sense soul government

Temptation everyman emotions

Spiritual truth humanism intellect

MORAL

SOCIAL

RELIGIOUS

Ralph Jack Piggy Simon

MORAL

SOCIAL

RELIGIOUS

Common emotions intellectsoulsense

Government power technologyhumanism

Everyman temptation intellectspiritual truth

Choose one character from the novel and explain why your group feels he is the most important member of the society. In your discussion, consider the following:

• What personality traits does he have

that are necessary for survival?

• How well does he fit into the group as

a whole?

• What does each person symbolize?

Characterization & Symbolism

Chapter 11

GOLDING’S INSPIRATION

1857 1954