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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum
Logistics and the Internet of Things
IoT International Forum
Berlin, November 2011
Prof. Dr. Michael ten Hompel
IoT Forum 2011
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum Data and Facts about Fraunhofer IML
■ Founded in 1981
■ About 200 scientists · 250 student assistants · 3 chairs at TU Dortmund
■ Turnover > 20 million € · 50% from industry · trade and services
■ Branches and project centers: Hamburg · Frankfurt · Prien (near Munic)
■ Cooperation with: HSG St. Gallen (Switzerland) · Georgia Tech (USA)Lisbon (Portugal) · Shanghai (China) · Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
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■ 100 Mio. Euro for development and innovation in logistics and supply chain management!
■ 40 Mio. founded by Federal Ministry of Education and Research
■ 120 Companies
■ 11 Research institutions
■ 30 Joined projects
■ 4 Associated projects
■ 100 Innovations und Patents
■ 4000 Jobs in logistics and SCM
EfficiencyCluster LogisticsRuhr
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■ Logistics is Germany‘s third biggest industry■ 2.8 million people work in logistics²
(7 % of total employees)
■ 220 billion Euro turnover in 2011First place in Europe with just about a third of the turnover
■ Approximately 5 % growth in turnover in 2011²
■ Education■ 11,600 university graduates per year³
(BA and MA with logistics reference – mainly economists and engineers)
■ 1.300 of which with (main) studies in logistics.
■ Germany is the world‘s leading logistics market
Logistics as Industry in Germany
²Log.Letter 11, BVL 2010³Forschungsagenda Logistik, DVZ 2010
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Today, logistics is said to be a premium industry.
Germany is logistics world champion.■ World Bank study: «Connecting to Compete» 2010
Logistics analyzes and shapes economic systems based on the division of labor as objects in network flows.
■ Position paper of BVL's Scientific Advisory Board
The scramble for the world has begun!…and logistics is playing a decisive role.
■ The container is the symbol of a globalized world.[Stefan Aust]
Logistics today
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■ All along, human kind has sought to set things in motion.
■ Logistics endeavors to shape and organize this motion efficiently, reasonably and in a target-oriented way.
■ Logistics conceives networks in the space of which things are set in motion. Places and human beings are connected by flows of information, commodities and goods.
■ Logistics transforms things being thought into motion. It unites the virtual with the physical world.
Actually, what is logistics?To move human beings and things.
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum Logistics is complex
■ Over the past 10 years the amount of (intra)logistic information has increased by a factor of 1,000.
■ In 2000 the entire internet data amounted to 21 Terabyte.
■ At the same time the computer performance increased by a factor of 30-50.
Bild: ® setcookie auf www.pixelio.de
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■ In 2010, 107 tr. mails were sent.
■ This equals 15,000 mails for every person in the world.²■ 2 billion people are able to receive mails
■ Spam-rate 89.1%³
■ At the end of 2009, the number of users of social networks (800 Million) outreached the number of e-mail users.³
■ The next generation:■ 98% are members of studiVZ (German young)
■ 93% are online every day
■ 7,7 Million get a daily tweet of Lady Gaga
Much faster communication in much shorter time
Internet and social network
²107Bio. Mails an 2 Mrd. User p.a.2010 [Spiegel online 18.1.2011]³MessageLabs Intelligence 2010
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38,0% 39,5%
46,9%
53,3%
60,4%
66,4%
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
17% growth of e-commerce(Germany 2011)
Infratest im Auftrag von BVH, Paypal; E-Commerce-Studie 2011Pressekonferenz im Juni 2011
∗ 100 % ∗ 100 %
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■ Flexibility■ Modification of a system within the planned boundaries.
■ Flexibility of goods · of throughput · of layout
■ Changeability ■ Modification, variation and expansion of a system beyond the
planned boundaries². ■ Awareness of environment■ Active, purposeful response (e.g. adaptation)■ Independent acting (artificial intelligence)■ Real time capability■ Evolution into an indefinite future based on incomplete
information
■ Versus automation
The result: The logistical triadflexible · convertible · automated
²Günthner, W.; Heinecker, M.; Wilke, M.: Materialflusssysteme für wandelbare Fabrikstrukturen. IIndustrie Management, 18(5):8–10, 2002
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum Exponential Growth
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Just some bits of information:That‘s how we see our world
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum How we should see our world
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum RFID combines virtual and material world
Fotomontage auf Basis eines Fotos von® Oliver Haja auf www.pixelio.de
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum smaRTI – smart reusable transport items
Realtime interbranch processes, based on smart reusable transport items (smaRTIs)
Based on intelligent carriers in three different industries: FMCG, Air-Cargo and Postal
Cloud-based event repository, to gather comprehensive supply chain information
Hybrid AutoID-processes, that support simple barcode scans, up to complex RTLS-Systems or end-user devices like the iPhone.
Bild: © Antje Delater auf www.pixelio.deEffizienzClusters LogistikRuhr - Gefördert durch:
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum Smart air freight containers (smartULD)
■ DyCoNet smartULDs…
■ …use energy harvesting
■ …collect environmental data with sensors
■ …trigger alarms autonomously
■ …build local networks of charge carriers via short range wireless (SRW)
■ …interact with IT-networks (e.g. ULD management)
■ …order transports to a destination (loading devices, aircrafts)
EffizienzClusters LogistikRuhr - Gefördert durch:
ULD Management
smartULDs
SRW (ZigBee, 802.15.4)
GSM / UMTS
Internet
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum Philosophy of the Internet of Things
■ The trend is going from hierarchical to mesh-like structures
■ Modularization of mechanical components
■ Distribution of control functions over the system
■ Every entity is represented by a software agent
■ This leads to:■ decentralization■ internet of things
(not only) in logistics
Classical material flow control
Internet of Things
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum Evolution – learning from nature
Photo: © Echino auf www.pixelio.de und LinogistiX
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■ The cellular intralogistics anticipates individualization and elevates it to a method.The philosophy of the "Logistics on Demand" is transferred to the physical material flow:■ Stiff and conventional materials handling systems are
dismantled.
■ Autonomous vehicles and modules (cells) substitute conveyors and cooperate like the cells of an organism.
■ Each cell provides a service – e. g. transporting a container from a source to a destination.
■ The classic material flow system will be replaced by co-operating cells (entities).
■ This leads to a maximum of flexibility and dynamism.
Cellular intralogistics and transport system
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum The ideal logistic space is empty
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:
the warehouse - logistical “anthill”
the workstations - logistical “feeding grounds”
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There is a method to individuality!Internet of Things - Cellular Intralogistics
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:
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Individuality is methodical!Internet of Things-Cellular Intralogistics
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:
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Video Individuality is methodical!Internet of Things-Cellular Intralogistics
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:
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■ Agent-based control system■ Decentralized control concept using autonomy and
swarm intelligence■ Autonomous access towards a destination■ Communication with sensor nodes and WiFi by IEEE
802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11■ Hybrid sensor concept including radio detection and
ranging sensors■ Intelligent decentralized localization and collision
detection
■ Save interaction with■ People and non-automated vehicles like fork lift trucks etc.
■ Order management by Logistics Mall + SAP
Multishuttle™ – Cellular intralogistics
Diese Entwicklung wurde gefördert durch:
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Particle filters forpositioning · navigation · tracking
LogiMAT 2011 - Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Kamagaewsequ. Monte Carlo and Kalman filter for Gaussian distribution
Particle
Way by Odometry
Way by MC particle filter
Real position
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Internet of ThingsInternational Forum Modelling a new world
Internet of Serviceslogistics mall
Normative level
Batch execution
Self-organization
Software as a Service & SOA
Internet of ThingsCellular Intralogistics
Operational level
Real time capabilities
Self-control
MultiShuttle™
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Logistics MallService-oriented architectures in logistics
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Logistics MallService-oriented architectures in logistics
TEIL II
Internet of ThingsInternational Forum
Logistics and the Internet of Things
IoT International Forum
Berlin, November 2011
Prof. Dr. Michael ten Hompel