Post on 12-Jan-2016
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Loci and the Human Loci and the Human KaryotypeKaryotype
Honors BiologyUnit 52012-2013
ChromosomesChromosomesKaryotype:
◦ordered display of an individual’s chromosomes.
◦Collection of chromosomes from mitotic cells.
◦Staining can reveal visible band patterns, gross anomalies.
Meiosis KM 3
KaryotypingKaryotyping
Karyotypes arrange chromosomes in order by size: Largest to smallest
Chromosomes
Some large like #1
Some small like #22
Homologous pairsHomologous pairs
Same LengthCentromere
in same location
Same bands (genes)
Centromere PositionCentromere PositionThe centromere is not exactly in the center of the chromosome
“p” arm: (p=petite) the shorter arm of the chromosome
“q” arm: the longer arm of the chromosome
Locus (plural=loci)Locus (plural=loci)The position that a given gene occupies on a chromosome. (Its like an address for your genes)
Written like this: 15p23
Example: 15p23=Chrom 15 small Example: 15p23=Chrom 15 small arm, 23arm, 23rdrd band from the band from the centromerecentromere
Chrom
#Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
2 Skin Color
Polygenic
2p18
2q21
S = Dark
s= Light
SSSS= Dark
SSSs= Fairly Dark
SSss= Olive
Ssss = Light Olive
ssss = Lightest White
SsssLt Olive
s
sS
s
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
AA=LotsAa=someaa= none
A=Acnea=No Acne
4p20Acne
PolygenicIncomplete Dominance
4 Aa Some Acne
A a
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
4 Cleft Chin
Regular Dominance
4p19 N = Cleft
n= no cleftnn No
Cleft
n n
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
Eye color
polygenetic
Incomplete Dominance
7 & (15)
7p15 B=Brownb=Blue
BB=Brown
Bb=Light Brown, Hazel, Green
bb=blue
Bb Light Brown
B b
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
Hair Color
Incomplete Dominance
7 7p11 H=Brown/Black
h=blonde
HH=Brown/Black
Hh=Light Brown
hh=Blonde
Hh Light Brown
H h
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
7 Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal recessive
7q25 F = No CF
f = CFFF No
CF
F F
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
7 Acne
PolygenicIncomplete Dominance
7q11 A= Acne
a = no AcneAa Some
acne
A a
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
9 Blood Type
A & B Codom.
O=Recessive
9q34IA=A
IB=B
i=O
ii o
i i
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
9 Rh Factor
Normal Dominance
9q30 R = +Rh
r = - Rh Rr Rh+
R r
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
12 Freckles
Normal Dominance
12p5 F = Freckles
f= no freckles ff No
Freckles
f f
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
12 Hair Type
Incomplete Dominance
12q24 CC= Curly
cc = Straight
Cc=Wavy
cc Straight
C C
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
15 Tay-Sachs
Autosomal recessive
15q23 T = No TS
t = TSTT No
TS
T T
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
16 Dimples
Normal Dominance
16p10D=Dimples
d = No Dimples
Dd Dimples
D d
Chrom
#
Gene
DescriptionLocus Allele My
Geno.
My Pheno
23 Color Blind
Hemophilia
B= Not Colorblind
b = Colorblind
B
A
A= No Hemophilia
a = Hemophilia
XBY
XAY