Post on 01-May-2018
Locate each country on the map and
write the corresponding letter.
A. China
B. Cuba
C. Dominican Republic
D. Hawaii
E. Japan
F. Mexico
G. Nicaragua
H. Panama
I. Philippines
J. Puerto Rico
Complete Classwork: Imperialism
Organized by President
- Complete the info box
for each president
using the handout
provided.
Organized by Country
- Write 4 facts about U.S.
involvement in that country
(1st box)
- Explain the U.S.
perspective (2nd box)
- Explain the perspective of
the country affected (3rd
box)
McKinley – Early Imperialism Hawaii
Economically and militarily strategic
White population uprising 1893
annexed 1897
Cuba
Spanish American War
Platt Amendment
Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam
Purchased after SP-AM war
Filipino uprising – not independent until 1946
China
Spheres of Influence – Europe trying to gain econ control
Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion
Theodore Roosevelt
Big Stick Diplomacy: use of all means,
including force, to maintain influence
Roosevelt Corollary: US had police power
within own sphere of influence
Panama
U.S. wanted canal to decrease shipping times
Panama belonged to Columbia & Colombian
gov’t rejected U.S. offer.
U.S. helps Panama gain independence and makes
a deal for the Canal
Taft
Dollar Diplomacy: use of financial aid to
gain influence
Dominican Republic
Central American nations in debt to European
nations – looking to collect
To prevent European influence in W.
Hemisphere, U.S. underwrites debt
Wilson
Moral Diplomacy: obligation to spread
democracy and moral values
Mexico
Governed by oppressive dictator
Huerta takes power, but is too violent
Wilson supports Carranza, then Pancho Villa
When Mexico still doesn’t stabilize, Wilson sends in
troops to stop the fighting (until WW1)
WORLD WAR I: “THE WAR
TO END ALL WARS”
What were the short term and long term
impacts of WW1 on the U.S.?
Reviewing WW1
Short-Term Cause
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (1914)
Long-Term Contributors
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
The 2 sides
Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers: France, Britain, Russia
11
The First World War:
Map of Europe during WWI: Originally, Italy joined the Triple Alliance but after the war broke out, it switched
sides and went to fight with the Triple Entente. Turkey later joined the Triple Alliance.
From Neutrality to War
Initially declared
“neutrality in thought and
in action”
Culturally and
economically more
connected to the Allied
Powers
Wilson elected as an
isolationist candidate in
1916
From Neutrality to War
Wilson’s Idealism
Moral Diplomacy
“peace without victory”
Opportunity to spread democratic ideals
Economic Interests
American businesses and U.S. government lending money to Allies
Forced through British ports and impacted by British blockade
U-boats (sinking cargo ships)
Germany Actions
Submarine warfare (Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex)
Breaking of Sussex Pledge with unrestricted warfare
Zimmerman Note
Sinking of 4 unarmed U.S. vessels
War declared April 6, 1917
Discussion
Can you think of an instance when you have been
asked to make a sacrifice?
When the nation is in the midst of crisis, are/should
Americans be asked to sacrifice? What and why?
Should the standards of democracy and liberty shift
during times of war?
The Impact of War – At Home
Mobilization
Selective Service Act of 1917 (draft)
War Industries Board - influenced production,
prices, and labor
Personal Sacrifice
War Bonds
Encouraged rationing
Fuel Administration
Food Administration
Limits on Personal Freedoms
Espionage Act (1917)
Sedition Act (1918)
Schenck vs. U.S. – limited speech if “clear and
present danger”
Creating a Metaphor
Metaphor statements:
From the U.S. perspective, intervention in (location) was like (first metaphor).
From the perspective of (location), U.S. intervention was like (second metaphor).
Visual representations:
Create a visual representation to illustrate and help explain each metaphor.
“Because” statements:
Below each visual explain the relationship between the metaphor and actual
historical events.
From the perspective of the U.S.,
intervention in Cuba was like a parent
caring for a helpless child because . . .
• a military government set up by the U.S.
after the Spanish-American War cared for
Cuba by improving public works,
sanitation, and education, court reform,
and instituting self-government, just as a
parent cares for a child until he is mature
enough to care for himself
From the perspective of Cuba, U.S.
intervention was like a bully on a
playground because . . .
• the U.S. set up a military government in
Cuba (though it had been granted
independence after the Spanish-American
War) and denied Cubans self-rule, just as a
bully tries to control and intimidate other
children on the playground.
For Next Class…
Finish “metaphor” assignment
Finish Chapter 30
Study for WWI Quiz
Have a thorough understanding of the debate over
the Treaty of Versailles
To Begin…
Please turn in your analogies
to the basket.
Please get out your
presidents/imperialism
organizers for spot-check.
Please pick up today’s PD
from the front table (you’ll
use this later today)
Important Vocab for
Today
• Fourteen Points
• League of Nations
• Big Four
• war-guilt clause
• Treaty of Versailles
• reservationist
• irreconcilable
• internationalist
Extra Credit Opportunity
ACT Prep
Use the log-on info provided to go through the
individualized ACT tutoring program, TCA (Triumph
College Admissions)
I can view your progress and will enter extra credit
based on the amount of time you spend in the
program.
Wrapping up WWI
U.S. initially focused on supplies rather than soldiers,
but ultimately contributed significant manpower
Wilson’s 14 Points - vision for a post-war world
No secret alliances
Freedom of seas
Fair trade between nations
Reduce weapons
Reduce colonialism
New boundaries in Europe
League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
Armistice Day – 11/11/1918
Dominated by “big 4” – the prime ministers of France, Great Britain, and Italy and President Wilson
European nations had entirely different goals for treaty
What should be included in the
Treaty of Versailles?
President Wilson European Allied Powers
With your partner, determine a specific goal that your
assigned representative would want included in the Treaty of
Versailles
Treaty of Versailles Continued
Wilson’s Agenda:
No secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Self-determination
Reduction of armaments
League of Nations
European Nations’ Agenda:
Severely punish Germany
Make Germany admit blame for war and pay reparations
Buffer zone between France and Germany
Control of German colonies and territories occupied during war
Treaty of Versailles Continued
Results:
Germany will admit total blame for war and pay total cost of war
Reduce Germany’s army and eliminate navy
Divide Germany’s colonies among Allies and establish a series of new nations
League of Nations
Debate Prep – You are in the U.S. Senate
2 Sides
Irreconcilables and Reservationists
Internationalists
You and your partner will spend 5-10 minutes creating a thorough
argument regarding the Treaty of Versailles. Consider flaws of the
treaty, alternatives, benefits of the treaty, national priorities, etc
Next, each side will be divided into sub-groups matched up against a
sub-group from the other perspective. You will be provided with 3
prompts to get/keep the debate going, but feel free to ask in engage
in questions on your own as well.
U.S. Response to Treaty
Congress frustrated by the Treaty, particularly Article X and promised to block passage
Wilson went directly to people through whirlwind cross-country tour
Treaty (with Lodge’s reservations) twice defeated in Senate
Presidential election of 1920 seen as referendum
People elected Republican Warren G. Harding, killing any chances of American ratification of Treaty of Versailles
U.S. signed separate peace agreements in October 1921
Consequences of WWI
U.S. emerges as world power and
decision maker
Disgruntled Germany
No resolution to European tensions
American disillusionment
Final Thoughts?
The League of Nations ultimately
failed to keep world peace. Do
you think U.S. membership would
have made a difference?
Why or why not?
To End
WWI Quiz
Next Class:
supplemental summaries due next class (we may or may not get
to present, but they’re still due)
Review for test
Discuss/Review Progressive DBQ
Test Friday
35 MC (25 minutes)
1 DBQ (15 minutes to read documents + 30 minutes to write)
chapter questions and vocab due
Reservationists
Reservationists would only ratify the Treaty of
Versailles if some changes, called reservations,
were added to it.
Reservationists were most concerned about Article
10 of the League of Nations charter, which
required member nations to work together—and
even supply troops—to keep the peace.
Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, the leader
of the reservationists, had both personal and
political reasons for opposing the treaty.
Irreconcilables
Irreconcilables, who were completely against the
Treaty of Versailles, wanted no part in the League
of Nations, which might draw the nation into a new
war.
Republican Senator William Borah was an
outspoken irreconcilable.
Internationalists
Internationalists supported the Treaty of Versailles
and believed that greater cooperation among
nations could work for the benefit of all.
Most Senate Democrats were internationalists.
As ratification hearings dragged on, Americans
began to lose interest. Wilson went on a grueling
speaking tour. Though he picked up support, he
became very sick.
The treaty with reservations was defeated (twice)
by irreconcilables and other Democrats who Wilson
had encouraged to vote down anything but the
treaty in its original form.
1920 Election
Democrat - James Cox and Franklin Roosevelt.
Republican - Warren G. Harding
Wilson called the 1920 election a “great and solemn
referendum” on the League, but most Americans were
more concerned about inflation and unemployment.
Harding won by 7 million votes.
In October 1921, the United States signed a separate
peace agreement with Germany and did not become
a member of the League of Nations.
Practice Questions
Woodrow Wilson’s ultimate goal at the Paris Peace
Conference was to
A. stop the spread of communism
B. blame no one for starting the war
C. force Germany to pay reparations
D. establish the League of Nations
E. guarantee American access to European markets
Senate opponents of the League of Nations as
proposed in the Treaty of Versailles argued that it
A. failed to provide any German financial reparations
for the U.S.
B. violated Wilson’s own 14 Points
C. isolated the U.S. from postwar world affairs
D. did little to improve global trade relations
E. robbed Congress of its war-declaring powers