Post on 28-Apr-2019
1
lh&403] prqFkZ ry] ueZnk Hkou] 59] vjsjk fgYl]
Hkksiky&462011
Lkq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy
School of Good Governance & Policy Analysis
prqFkZ okf"kZd izfrosnu
¼01 vizSy 2010 & 31 ekpZ 2011½
Fourth Annual Report
(1st April 2010&31st March 2011)
2
fo"k; lwph
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vuq- fooj.k i`"B Øekad
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izLrkouk i
v/;k; & ,d % Ldwy dh lkekU; tkudkjh
1-1 Ldwy ds mn~ns'; 1
1-2 Ldwy dh vo/kkj.kk ¼Vision½ 2
1-3 Ldwy ds /;s; ¼Mission½ 2
1-4 Ldwy dh dk;Ziz.kkyh 2
1-5 Ldwy ds dk;ZLraHk 3
1-6 Ldwy ds dk;Z{ks= dh fn'kk;s 3
1-7 Ldwy ds ladYi 3
v/;k; & nks % o"kZ 2010&11 dh eq[; miyfC/k;kWa
2-1 bUVuZf'ki O;oLFkk 4
2-2 iz'kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gsrq dUlYVsUlh 5
2-3 foHkkxh; tkap izfØ;k dks izHkkoh cukus gsrq lq>ko 7
2-4 tufe= ;kstuk rFkk lsokfe= ;kstuk dk v/;;u 7
2-5 ijQkjesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u 9
2-6 e/;izns'k Hkw&jktLo&1959 esa la'kks/ku gsrq lq>ko 9
2-7 vkbfM;kt QkWj lh,e csclkbZV ds lq>kodrkZvksa dk lEeku 10
2-8 e/;izns'k ds fiNM+s ftyksa esa xjhc ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj gsrq 11
izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dh fo'ks"k ;kstuk dh ekWfuVfjx ,oa leUo;
dk dk;Z
2-9 iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk 11
fodkl gsrq izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ds izHkko ,oa mUu;u laca/kh
v/;;u
2-10 ,dhd`r ifjis{; ;kstuk ,oa okf"kZd Iyku cukus gsrq iapk;rh 12
jkt ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk Ldwy dk rduhdh lgk;rk
laLFkk ds :i esa p;u
2-11 e/;izns'k xzkeh.k vkftfodk ifj;kstuk ds izHkko dk vkadyu 12
2-12 'kkldh; uhfr;ksa@dk;ZØeksa dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk y{; lewg
ij muds izHkko ds vkadyu
2-12-1 tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk 12
2-12-2 cyjke rky ;kstuk 18
2-12-3 ekbØks,fjxs'ku ;kstuk 20
2-12-4 dfiy/kkjk ;kstuk 23
2-13- varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ls lg;ksx ,oa leUo; ds iz;kl 25
3
v/;k; & rhu % lsehukj@dk;Z'kkyk,sa
3-1 Moving Towards Good Governance : Dissemination of Good
Practices and Strategies for Adoption fo"k; ij ,d
fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk 26
v/;k; & pkj % foRrh; izfrosnu 27
v/;k; & ikWp % Ldwy@dksj LVkWQ dks izkIr lEeku
5-1 vkbZfM;kt QkWj lh,e csc lkbZV dks ifCyd ikfVZflis'ku
Js.kh esa ÞcscjRu vokMZ ¼flYoj vkbZdu½Þ 28
5-2 KHETI ifj;kstuk ds fy, MkW- ,l-,e- gSnj fjtoh]
lapkyd ¼uhfr fo'ys"k.k½ dh izksxzke esustesaV bLVhV~;wV
¼;w-,l-,½ }kjk ljkguk 28
v/;k; & N% dksj LVkWQ }kjk jk"Vªh Lrj ij vk;ksftr fof'k"V dk;ZØeksa
esa rduhdh ;ksxnku 29
v/;k; & lkr % Ldwy dh xofuZx ,oa ,fDtD;wfVo ckWMh
7-1 Ldwy dh xofuZx ckWMh 31
7-2 Ldwy dh ,fDtD;wfVo ckWMh 32
v/;k; & vkB% ifjf'k"V
8-1 MPRLP ds v/;;u dk lkajk'k 33
8-2 o"kZ 2010&11 esa baVuZ }kjk fd;s x;s v/;;u dh lwph 41
4
izLrkouk
lq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy dh LFkkiuk 7 flrEcj] 2007 dks gqbZA o"kZ
2010&2011 ds nkSjku Ldwy }kjk lapkfyr bUVuZf’ki Ldhe ds varxZr fd;s x;s v/;;u
gsrq 'kkldh; foHkkxksa }kjk vkSj vf/kd :fp yh xbZ vkSj v/;;u vk/kkfjr ykHk Hkh
vuqHko fd;s x;sA iz’kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gsrq Ldwy ds dk;Zdkjh fudk; ds
vuqeksnu ls iz’kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gsrq dalYVsalh dk dk;Z iw.kZ fd;k x;kA
lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx ds izLrko vuq:Ik foHkkxh; tkWap izfdz;k dks izHkkoh cukus laca/kh
lq>ko izsf"kr fd;s x;sA
dsUnz ljdkj }kjk ykxw ijQkesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u
dj bldks jkT; 'kklu esa ykxw fd, tkus ds laca/k esa lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx ls izkIr
i= ds vk/kkj ij Ldwy }kjk bl flLVe dk v/;;u dj bls ykxw fd;s tkus ds
laca/k esa izLrko eq[; lfpo egksn; ds fopkjkFkZ izLrqr fd;k x;kA bl vuqØe esa
lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx }kjk lHkh foHkkxksa esa ijQkesZal izca/ku gsrq dk;Zokgh fd;s tkus
ds funsZ’k izlkfjr fd;s x;sA xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ,lth,lok;
varxZr e/;izns’k ds fiNM+s ftyksa esa xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou ;kiu dj jgs csjkstxkj
;qod@;qofr;ksa dks l?ku izf'k{k.k ds ek/;e ls Lojkstxkj fn;s tkus gsrq izf’k{k.k
dk;ZØe dh fo’ks"k ifj;kstuk ds fy, ekWfuVfjx ,oa ,O;wys'ku laLFkk ds :Ik esa dk;Z
dj Ldwy }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx }kjk Ldwy dks
lkSais x;s iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk fodkl dk;ZØe
dk ewY;kadu fd;k tk jgk gSA iapk;rh jkt ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk e/;izns’k ds
06 ftyksa ¼vuwiiqj] neksg] fM.Mksjh] dVuh] flouh ,oa 'kgMksy½ dh ,dhd`r ifjizs{;
;kstuk ,oa okf"kZd Iyku cukus gsrq Ldwy dk rduhdh lgk;rk laLFkk ds :i esa p;u
fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk ij xr 6 ekg ls dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA ^^e/;izns'k xzkeh.k
vkftfodk ifj;kstuk** ds izHkko dk vkadyu djus gsrq v/;;u iw.kZ fd;k x;kA Ldwy
}kjk 'kkldh; uhfr@dk;ZØekas dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk y{; lewg ij muds izHkko ds
vkadyu laca/kh mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ gsrq dk;Zdkjh fudk; ds vuqeksnu mijkUr izkjfEHkd
rkSj ij vke turk ls tqM+h gqbZ pkj ;kstukvksa ij dk;Z fd;k x;kA
i
5
csolkbZV www.ideasforcm.in ds ek/;e ls ekpZ 2011 rd yxHkx 3800
vkbZfM;kt+ izkIr gq, gSaA vHkh rd 12 vkbZfM;kt+ dk fØ;kUo;u gsrq p;u eku~uh;
eq[;ea=hth }kjk fd;k x;kA eku~uh; eq[;ea=hth }kjk fnukad 07 fnlEcj 2010 dks
p;fur lq>kodRrkZvksa dk lEeku Hkksiky esa vk;ksftr lekjksg esa fd;k x;k gSA
Dissemination of Good Practices and Strategies for Adoption fo"k; ij ,d fnolh;
dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fnukad 29 ebZ 2010 dks lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx] e/;izns'k
'kklu] rFkk Ldwy] ds la;qä rRok/kku esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA dk;Z'kkyk esa vizsy
2010 esa iz/kkuea=h mRd`"Vrk iq:Ldkj ls lEekfur 08 csLV izsfDVlsl rFkk e/;izns'k
jkT; dh p;fur 02 csLV izsfDVlsl dk izLrqfrdj.k fd;k x;kA csLV izsfDVlsl ds
izLrqfrdj.k mijkar eq[; lfpo] e/;izns'k 'kklu egksn; dh v/;{krk esa fo'ks"k ppkZ
l= "Exploring Areas for Adoption, Adaption and Up Scaling of Good Practices in the Context
of Madhya Pradesh" fo"k; ij vk;ksftr fd;k x;k] ftles e/;izns'k 'kklu ds ofj"B
vf/kdkjh ,oa vU; jkT;ksa ls vk;s izfrfuf/k;ksa dh lgHkkfxrk jghA
Ldwy ds fodkl esa ekuuh; eq[;ea=h] e/;izns’k 'kklu ,oa Ldwy dh 'kklh
fudk; ds v/;{k rFkk eq[; lfpo] e/;izns’k 'kklu ,oa Ldwy dh dk;Zdkjh fudk; ds
v/;{k egksn; ds fo’ks"k ekxZn’kZu ,oa izksRlkgu ds fy, ge vR;aRk vkHkkjh gSA
¼,p-ih- nhf{kr½
Ekgkfuns’kd
ii
1
v/;k; & ,d
Ldwy laca/kh lkekU; tkudkjh
1-1 Ldwy ds mn~ns'; &
e/;izns'k 'kklu] lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx ds vkns’k Øekad ,Q
11&8@2007@1@9 Hkksiky] fnukad 7 flrEcj 2007 }kjk lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k
Ldwy dh Hkksiky esa LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA lq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy ds eq[;
mn~ns'; fuEufyf[kr gSa%&
lq’kklu ds {ks= esa oSf’od ,oa LFkkuh; (Global-Local) ifjis{; esa fFkad VSad ds :i
esa dk;Z djukA 'kkldh; uhfr;ksa dk fo’ys"k.k rFkk y{; lewg ij muds izHkko
dk vkadyu djukA
lq’kklu ds fofHkUu vk;keksa dk fo’ys"k.k djuk] leL;kvksa dks fpfUgr dj mudk
lek/kku lq>kuk] dk;Z ;kstuk cukuk rFkk mUgsa fØ;kfUor djus esa lgk;rk
djukA
mRd`"V dk;Z ,oa fof/k;ksa rFkk bZ&iz’kklu ds dk;ZØeksa dk ladyu dj mudk
foLrkj.k djukA
izpfyr iz’kklfud O;oLFkkvksa esa lq/kkj ,oa muds Lo:i esa vko’;d ifjorZu
laca/kh ijke’kZ nsukA
,sls {ks=ksa dks fpfUgr djuk] ftuesa ifjorZu ,oa lq/kkj ls iz’kklfud ifj.kkeksa rFkk
miyfC/k;ksa ij vf/kdre~ ldkjkRed izHkko iM+rk gksA
iz’kklu dks tu&dsfUnzr cukus ds fy, LFkkuh;] jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrZjk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa
rFkk lac) fgrxzkgh;ksa ds fy, eap miyC/k djkukA
LFkkuh; fudkvksa] jkT;ksa] jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrZjk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ds fy;s dk;ZØeksa dh
lajpuk ,oa lapkyu] ,D'ku fjlpZ ,oa iz’kklfud lq/kkj dk;ZØeksa ds fy;s
rduhdh ijke’kZ ,oa lsok;sa miyC/k djkukA
2
1-2 Ldwy dh vo/kkj.kk (vision) &
“lq'kklu tks Lkcdks leku volj iznku djs ,oa ftldk y{; izR;sd O;fDr ds
thou Lrj esa lq/kkj ykuk gksA"”
(“Equal opportunity to all through Good Governance geared to improve the
quality of lives of our People”).
1-3 Ldwy ds /;s; (mission) &
“Knowledge Resource Hub vkSj Repository ds fuekZ.k ,oa vU; ek/;eksa }kjk
lq'kklu ds fy, izsj.kk vkSj izksRlkgu ds fodkl dk iz;kl] lqfu'fpr djuk]
ftlls 'kklu dks vf/kd ikjn'khZ] lgHkkxh] tudY;k.k dsfUnzr rFkk ftEesnkj
vkSj lqn`<+ cuk;k tk lds" A
("Develop Knowledge Resource Hub and Repository and other strategies, to
motivate and encourage strengthening of Good Governance which is more
transparent, participative, accountable and focused on improving the quality of
lives of our people").
1-4 Ldwy dh dk;Ziz.kkyh &
lapkyd lq'kklu (Director Governance), lapkyd uhfr fo'ys"k.k (Director Policy
Analysis) rFkk lapkyd izcU/ku (Director Knowledge Management),
ifj;kstuk@dk;ZØe leUo;d@vuqla/kku la;qDr@’kks/kdÙkkZ (Project/ Programme
Coordinators / Research Associates/ Research Fellows), rFkk iz'kklfud LVkQ ds
lg;ksx ls Ldwy dk dk;Z laikfnr gksxkA ifj;kstukvksa ls lacaf/kr fof’k"V
ijke’kZnk;h fo’ks"kK @ lykgdkj (Distinguished Specialists / Advisors), fof'k"V Qsyks
@ dUlyVsaV (Distinguished Fellows/Consultants) laLFkkxr@ ,Dlpsat dk;ZØe Qsyksa
(Institutional Fellows, Exchange Programme Fellows) rFkk dk;Z{ks= vuqHkoh fo’ks"kK
(Experts with Field Experience) ls Hkh lg;ksx fy;k tk;sxkA
3
1-5 Ldwy ds dk;Z LraHk &
'kks/k] uhfr fo'ys’k.k ,oa fodkl
lq'kklu ds fy, {kerk ds fodkl dks izksRlkgu
izca/ku rduhfd;ksa dk lq'kklu dss fy;s mi;ksx
1-6 Ldwy ds dk;Z{ks= dh fn'kk,W &
'kklu esa uokpkj
lsokvksa esa lq/kkj vkSj grassroots rd foLrkj
'kklu dk fodsUnzhdj.k
varjkZ"Vªh; ifjis{; esa LFkkuh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl
'kklu esa vke lekt dh lk>snkjh
bZ&'kklu
lq'kklu ds fy, knowledge hub vkSj repository dk fuekZ.k
leku mn~ns';ksa okyh vU; jk"Vªªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªªh; laLFkkvksa ls lg;ksx ,oa
leUo; dh LFkkiuk
lq'kklu dks izksRlkgu
1-7 Ldwy ds ladYi &
lq'kklu laca/kh uhfr;ksa ds ikyu esa 'kklu dks lg;ksx iznku djus ds fy,
Ldwy ladfYir gSA
Ldwy fofHkUu foHkkxksa] laLFkkvksa ,oa fo'ks’kKksa ds lkFk feydj lq'kklu LFkkfir
djus dks izksRlkfgr djsxkA
vke vkneh dh ftanxh csgrj cukus ds iz;klksa esa Ldwy lg;ksxh gksxkA
&&00&&
4
v/;k; & nks
o"kZ 2010&11 dh eq[; xfrfof/k;kWa
2-1 bUVuZf'ki O;oLFkk&
'kklu ra= ls vkbZ-vkbZ-,e ,oa vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- tSlh [;kfr izkIr laLFkkvksa ds fo"k;
fo'ks"kKkas dks tksMus gsrq Ldwy }kjk o"kZ 2009 ls baVuZf'ki O;oLFkk ykxw dh xbZ gSA bl
O;oLFkk ds varxZr izfro"kZ vf/kdre 20 bUVuZ dk p;u mijksDr laLFkkvksa ds eq[;r%
,e-ch-,-@,e-Vsd- f}rh; o"kZ ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls fd;k tkrk gSA p;u dh izfdz;k
fuEukuqlkj lapkfyr gksrh gSA
bUVuZf'ki O;oLFkk dh tkudkjh ekg flrEcj esa lHkh foHkkxksa dks izsf"kr djrs gq,
vkxkeh vizSy ls tqykbZ ds varjky esa v/;;u gsrq ;kstukvks laca/kh izLrko izkIr
fd;s tkrs gSA
Ldwy dh osclkbZV ij izdkf'kr foKkiu ds vk/kkj ij bPNqd baVuZ }kjk fu/kkZfjr
izi= ij jk"Vªh; Lrj dh [;kfr izkIr laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls vkosnu Ldwy dks
izsf"kr fd;s tkrs gSA
baVuZ dh ;ksX;rk vkSj :fp dks /;ku esa j[krs gq;s laacaf/kr foHkkx ds uksMy
vf/kdkjh rFkk Ldwy ds dksj LVkQ }kjk izkFkfed :Ik ls pqus x;s vkosndksa dk
ohfM;ks&dkaQzsal@VsyhQksu ds ek/;e ls lk{kkRdkj ds i’pkr~ p;u fd;k tkrk
gSA
'kkldh; foHkkxksa }kjk fpfUgr ;kstukvksa ds v/;;u ds fy;s baVuZ dh esUVfjax
vkSj muds rFkk uksMy vf/kdkjh ds chp leUo; dk dk;Z Ldwy ds dksj LVkQ
}kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
ekg vizSy ls tqykbZ ds chp fofHkUu foHkkxksa dh uhfr;ksa@dk;ZØeksa dk v/;;u
dj izR;sd baVuZ }kjk vius lq>ko ,d fjiksVZ ds :i esa uksMy vf/kdkjh vkSj
Ldwy ds dksj LVkQ ds ek/;e ls lacaf/kr foHkkx dks izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
5
o"kZ 2009 rFkk 2010 esa dqy 39 baVuZ }kjk v/;;u laca/kh fjiksVZ iw.kZ dh xbZA
dqN foHkkxksa }kjk bu fjiksVksZ ds vk/kkj ij vkxkeh dk;Zokgh ykHkizn Hkh fl) gqbZ gSA
o"kZ 2011 esa bUVuZf'ki O;oLFkk varxZRk ns'k dh fofHkUu [;kfr izkIr laLFkkvksa ls 200 ls
vf/kd vkosnu izkIr gq, gS] ftuesa ls dqy 20 vkosndksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA bl
izdkj vcrd vkbZ- ,e- bUnkSj] vkbZ- vkbZ- ,e- y[kuÅ] vkbZ- vkbZ- Vh- dkuiqj] vkbZ-
vkbZ- Vh- fnYyh] vkbZ- vkbZ- ,Q- ,e- Hkksiky] vkbZ- vkj- ,e- ,- vkuUn- ,Dl- vkbZ-
,e- Hkqous'oj] vkbZ- vkbZ- Vh- enzkl vkfn laLFkkvksa ds baVuZ dks fofHkUu 'kkldh;
;kstukvksa ls tksM+us dk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z laikfnr gks ldk gSA
o"kZ 2011 gsrq pqus x;s bUVuZ uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx] ty lalk/ku
foHkkx] ou foHkkx] vkokl ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx] iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx]
m|kfudh foHkkx] i'kqikyu foHkkx] ÅtkZ fodkl fuxe ,oa ueZnk ?kkVh fodkl
izkf/kdj.k ls lacfa/kr ;kstukvksa@uhfr;ksa] dk v/;;u djsaxsA
2-2 iz'kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gsrq dUlYVsUlh&
izns'k ds fodkl gsrq ,oa 'kklu dks tu dsfUnzr cukus ds fy, jkT; 'kklu }kjk
fo'ks"k iz;kl fd, tk jgs gSaA blh dM+h esa jkT; 'kklu }kjk fpfUgr lkr izkFkfedrkvksa
ij izHkkoh dk;Zokgh djus ds fy, lkr LFkk;h dk;Zny cuk, x, Fks] ftuesa lq'kklu ,oa
lalk/ku fodkl dk;Zny Hkh ,d FkkA bl dk;Zny }kjk ppkZ ds nkSjku ik;k x;k fd
'kkldh; dk;ksaZ esa foyac dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k ea=h ,oa foHkkx ds izeq[k
lfpo@lfpo ds e/; dk;ksaZ dk Li"V foHkktu u gksuk ,oa izeq[k lfpo@lfpo rFkk
foHkkxk/;{k Lrj ij iz'kklfud ,oa foRrh; vf/kdkjksa dk mfpr izR;k;kstu ugha gksuk
gSA vr% dk;Zny ds v/;{k }kjk bu fo"k;ksa ij lq>ko nsus ds fy, lykgdkj fu;qDr
fd, tkus ckcr~ Ldwy dks ys[k djrs gq, Jh fouksn pkS/kjh] vij eq[; lfpo
¼lsokfuo`Rr½ ds uke dh vuq'kalk dh xbZ FkhA
Ldwy }kjk dk;Zdkjh fudk; ds vuqeksnu ls Jh fouksn pkS/kjh] vij eq[; lfpo
¼lsokfuo`Rr½ dks mijksDr fo"k; ij dalyVsalh dk;Z ekg uoEcj 2009 esa lkSaik x;k FkkA
VElZ vkWQ fjQjsUl vuqlkj dUlYVsUlh gsrq fuEu eqn~ns fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s Fks&
6
v- ea=h] izeq[k lfpo ,oa lfpo ds chp dk;ksZ dk Li"V foHkktu% 'kkldh; dk;ksa esa
foyEc dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k foHkkxh; ea=h ,oa foHkkx ds izeq[k lfpo@lfpo
ds e/; dk;ksaZ dk Li"V foHkktu u gksuk Hkh gSA ;fn foHkkxh; ea=h ,oa izeq[k
lfpo@lfpo ds e/; dk;ksaZ dk Li"V caVokjk fd;k tk, rks uk dsoy 'kkldh;
dk;ksaZ esa rsth vk,xh cfYd fookn dh ifjfLFkfr;kW Hkh de fufeZr gksaxhA
dUlyVsaV }kjk bl laca/k esa dk;Z ds Li"V caVokjs gsrq izLrko rS;kj fd;k
tk,xkA
c- izeq[k lfpo@lfpo ,oa foHkkxk/;{k dks LFkkukarj.k@O;; gsrq vf/kdkjksa dk
izR;k;kstu% orZeku O;oLFkk esa yxHkx lHkh dk;ksaZ gsrq ufLr;k¡ fu.kZ; gsrq foHkkxh;
ea=h rd tkrh gSA bl O;oLFkk ds dkj.k tgka jkstejkZ ds dk;Z izHkkfor gksrs gSa
ogha nwljh vksj uhfrxr igyqvksa ij fopkj gsrq mPp Lrj ij i;kZIr le;
miyC/k ugha gksrk gSA vr% dk;ksaZ dh rRijrk ds fy, vko';d gS fd foHkkxk/;{k
Lrj ,oa izeq[k lfpo@ lfpo Lrj ij iz'kklfud ,oa foRrh; vf/kdkjksa dk
izR;kjksi.k fd;k tk,] ftlls fd mPp Lrj ij uhfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k ,oa mudh
leh{kk gsrq i;kZIr le; miyC/k gks ldsA dUlyVsaV }kjk bl laca/k esa izLrko
rS;kj fd;k tk,xkA
l- e/;izns'k 'kklu ds dk;Z fu;eksa esa la'kks/ku% e/;izns'k 'kklu }kjk vius dk;Z
fu;e cuk, x, gS ,oa bu dk;Z fu;eksa esa vko';drkuqlkj la'kks/ku Hkh fd, x,
gSA ysfdu vHkh Hkh ;s dk;Z fu;e dbZ txg lq&Li"V ugha gksus ls fu.kZ; ysus esa
foyac gksrk gSA dUlyVsaV }kjk dk;Z fu;eksa dk v/;;u dj mudks lq&Li"V
cukrs gq, tgkW vko';d gks] la'kks/ku dk izLrko rS;kj fd;k tk,xk ftlls
fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k esa Li"Vrk vk, ,oa fu.kZ; 'kh?kz gks ldsA
n- ea=ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh iqfLrdk esa la'kks/ku% ea=ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh iqfLrdk ewy
:i ls 1960 ds vklikl rS;kj dh xbZ FkhA cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa ifjos'k rFkk
lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ds c<rs mi;ksx dks ns[krs gq, ea=ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh iqfLrdk esa
iqujh{k.k vko';d gks x;k gS] ftlls fd fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k ljy gks ,oa
fu.kZ; ysus esa xfr vk,A dUlyVsaV }kjk ea=ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh iqfLrdk esa
vko';drkuqlkj la'kks/ku dk izLrko rS;kj fd;k tk,xkA
7
Jh fouksn pkS/kjh }kjk vxLr 2010 dks **iz'kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj** ds laca/k
esa viuk izfrosnu ¼nks Hkkxksa esa½ Ldwy dks lkSaik x;k gSA izFke Hkkx esa VElZ vkWQ
fjQjsal ds fcUnqvksa ij lq>ko fn, x, gSaA f}rh; Hkkx esa VElZ vkWQ fjQjsal ds laca/k
esa vU; iMkslh jkT;ksa& egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr] jktLFkku ,oa mRrj izns'k jkT; ls izkIr dh
xbZ foRrh; 'kfDr;ksa ,oa muds dk;Zfu;eksa laca/kh tkudkjh gSA Ldwy }kjk izfrosnu
vfxze dk;Zokgh gsrq lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx dks izsf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
2-3 foHkkxh; tkap izfØ;k dks izHkkoh cukus gsrq lq>ko&
lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx }kjk foHkkxh; tkWp dh izfØ;k dks fdl izdkj ljy]
izHkkoh ,oa Rofjr fujkdj.k ds ;ksX; cuk;k tk,] bl laca/k esa e/;izns'k flfoy lsok
¼oxhZdj.k] fu;a=.k ,oa vihy½ fu;e&1966 esa la’kks/ku rFkk vU; lq>ko nsus dk dk;Z
Ldwy dks lkSaik x;k FkkA
Ldwy }kjk bl laca/k esa dsUnzh; lrZdrk vk;ksx] jkT; 'kklu }kjk tkjh fofHkUu
funsZ'kksa ,oa vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsok ¼MhflfIyu ,oa vihy½ :y 1969 dk voyksdu fd;k
x;k gSA voyksdu mijkar e/;izns'k flfoy lsok ¼oxhZdj.k] fu;a=.k ,oa vihy fu;e
1966½ ds fofHkUu izko/kkuksa esa la'kks/ku izLrkfor fd;s x;sA blds lkFk gh foHkkxh; tkap
izfØ;k ls lacaf/kr fcUnqvksa ;Fkk& fuyacu dks ltk ds crkSj bLrseky u fd;k tkuk]
nks"k@vfu;ferrk vuqlkj tkWp izfØ;k dk fu/kkZj.k] yfEcr foHkkxh; tkWp dh
ekWfuVfjax gsrq lk¶Vos;j] foHkkxh; tkWp vk;qDr dk;kZy; dk lqn`<hdj.k] foHkkxh;
tkWp gsrq lafonk vk/kkj ij lsokfuo`Rr vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lsok,sa ysuk ,oa yksd lsok vk;skx
ls vko';d leUo;] ij vius lq>ko fn;s x;ss gSA Ldwy }kjk viuk izfrosnu vDVwcj
2010 esa lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx dks lkSik x;k gSA
2-4 tu fe= ;kstuk ¼Xokfy;j½ rFkk lsok fe= ;kstuk ¼flouh½ dk v/;;u&
vke ukxfjdksa dks csgrj <++x ls lsok;sa iznk; djus ds fy;s ftyksa esa vyx&vyx
<+x ls iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA blh dM+h esa ftyk/;{k Xokfy;j }kjk tufe= ;kstuk
rFkk ftyk/;{k flouh }kjk lsokfe= ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA jkT; 'kklu }kjk lsok
iznk; iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj gsrq tufe= ;kstuk] ¼Xokfy;j½ rFkk lsokfe= ;kstuk ¼flouh½ esa
8
fd;s x;s iz;ksx dk v/;;u djus ,oa buds laiw.kZ jkT; esa foLrkj djus dh ;kstuk
rS;kj djus ds fy, Ldwy ds usr̀Ro esa fuEukuqlkj ny dk xBu fd;k x;k gS %&
1- lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy }kjk ukekafdr izfrfuf/k&Jh vf[kys’k vxZy]
lapkyd ¼lq’kklu½ ,oa Jh lkSjHk caly] dk;ZØe leUo;d ¼Kku izca/ku½]
2- lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx }kjk ukekafdr izfrfuf/k&Jh ,y-ds- frokjh] ofj"B
egkizca/kd] e/;izns’k bysDVªksfud fodkl fuxe] Hkksiky ,oa
3- Jh jktho 'kqDyk] izf'k{k.k lapkyd] iz'kklu vdkneh] Hkksiky
jkT; 'kklu }kjk xfBr ny }kjk flouh rFkk Xokfy;j ftys dk Hkze.k dj ogka
ds ftyk dysDVj ,oa lacaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ppkZ dh xbZA lkFk gh nksuksa ftyksa esa
lsok iznk; gsrq LFkkfir fd;s x;s dqN dsUnzksa dk Hkh fujh{k.k fd;k x;k ,oa vke
ukxfjdksa ls Hkh dsUnzksa dh mi;ksfxrk ds laca/k esa ppkZ dh xbZA Ldwy }kjk mDr nksuksa
iz;ksxksa dk v/;;u dj buds foLrkj dh dk;Z;kstuk ij izfrosnu uoEcj 2010 esa
lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx dks lkSaik x;k gSA
izfrosnu esa lsokfe= ekWMy flouh dks vf/kd mi;qDr ikrs gq, blds vk/kkj ij
lsok iznk;xh gsrq iwjs izns'k esa O;oLFkk ykxw fd;s tkus dh vuq'kalk dh xbZ gSA lkFk gh
vkWuykbZu vkosnu@f'kdk;r izkIr djus ,oa izkIr vkosnuksa@f'kdk;rksa ds fujkdj.k ds
fy, jkT; Lrj ij lkWQV~os;j rS;kj djus] lsokfe= dsUnzks ds ek/;e ls iznk; dh tkus
okyh lsokvksa ds fy, ,d:irk dh n`f"V ls jkT; Lrj ls lsok 'kqYd fu/kkZfjr djus]
lsokfe= dsUnzks dks xzkeh.k {ks=ks esa i;kZIr dk;Z miyC/k djkus dh n`f"V ls rFkk budh
fujarjrk cuk, j[kus ds fy, bUgsa fofHkUu foHkkxksa }kjk MkVk ,UVªh lsaVj ds :i esa
ekU;rk nsus] lkeqnkf;d lsok dsUnzks dks iwjs izns'k esa lsok iznk;xh ds fy, dsUnz fcUnq
cukus ,oa fofHkUu foHkkxksa }kjk lsok iznk;xh ds fy, lapkfyr dk;kZy;ksa dks /khjs&/khjs
de fd;s tkus] e/;izns'k yksd lsokvksa ds iznku dh xkjaVh vf/kfu;e 2010 ds rgr
lHkh lsok fe= dsUnzks ij bl vf/kfu;e ds rgr vkosnu izkIr djus dh O;oLFkk djus]
lsok iznk;xh esa vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, Hkfo"; esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx djrs gq,
fMftVy flXuspj ds vk/kkj ij izek.k i= tkjh fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk] jkT; Lrj ij
lsokvksa dh iznk;xh dh ekWfuVfjax ,oa leUo; gsrq ,d lsy yksd lsok izca/ku foHkkx
vFkok lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy esa cuk;s tkus dh vuq'kalk dh xbZ gSA
9
2-5 ijQkesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u&
eku~uh; iz/kkuea=h }kjk flrEcj 2009 esa lHkh dsUnzh; foHkkxksa ds fy, ijQkesZl
ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dh :ijs[kk dk vuqeksnu fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlds
vuqØe esa lHkh dsUnzh; foHkkxksa }kjk ÞfjtYV Ýse MkD;wesaVÞ rS;kj dj lHkh jkT;ksa dks
Hkh bl fn'kk esa dk;Zokgh fd;s tkus dh lykg nh xbZ FkhA dsUnz ljdkj }kjk ykxw
fd;s x, ijQkesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u dj bldks e/;izns'k
jkT; esa ykxw fd, tkus ds laca/k esa eq[; lfpo egksn; us Ldwy ls vfHker pkgk FkkA
Ldwy }kjk ijQkesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u dj bls ykxw fd;s
tkus ds laca/k esa Vhi eq[; lfpo egksn; ds fopkjkFkZ izLrqr dh xbZA Ldwy }kjk rS;kj
dh xbZ Vhi ds vuqØe esa lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx }kjk lHkh foHkkxksa esa ijQkesZal izca/ku
gsrq dk;Zokgh fd;s tkus ds funsZ’k izlkfjr fd;s x;sA
2-6 e/;izns'k Hkw&jktLo lfgrk 1959 esa la'kks/ku gsrq lq>ko&
fofHkUu Lrjksa ij jktLo U;k;ky; esa yafcr jktLo izdj.kksa ds 'kh?kzrk ls
fujkdj.k ds mn~ns'; ls e/;izns'k Hkw&jktLo lafgrk ds v/;k;&4] ftlesa jktLo
inkf/kdkjh ,oa jktLo U;k;ky;ksa dh izfØ;k vkSj v/;k;&5] ftlesa vihy] iqujh{k.k ,oa
iquZfoyksdu ds izko/kku of.kZr gSa] esa la'kks/ku fd;s tkus dh vko';drk jkT; 'kklu
}kjk eglwl dh xbZ FkhA
jkT; 'kklu }kjk e/;izns'k Hkw&jkTkLo lafgrk 1959 esa la'kks/ku gsrq lq>ko nsus
ds fy, lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy dks dk;Z lkSaik x;k FkkA Ldwy }kjk bl
dk;Z gsrq lsokfuo`Rr fof/k Lukrd jkTkLo vf/kdkfj;ksa& MkW- Ogh-lh- voLFkh] lsokfuo`Rr
vij dysDVj] Jh vkj-lh- lDlsuk] lsokfuo`Rr la;qDr dysDVj ,oa Jh vkj-lh-
JhokLro] lsokfuo`Rr la;qDr dysDVj dh lfefr cukdj bl dk;Z dks lEiUu fd;k
x;k gSA Hkw&jktLo lafgrk esa la'kks/ku gsrq dqN vk;qDr ,oa ftyk/;{k ls Hkh lq>ko pkgs
x, FksA lfefr }kjk e/;izns'k Hkw&jktLo lafgrk 1959 esa la'kks/ku gsrq viuk izfrosnu
vDVwcj 2010 esa izLrqr fd;k x;k ftls vfxze dk;Zokgh gsrq jktLo foHkkx dks izsf"kr
fd;k x;k gSA
10
2-7 ^^vkbfM;kt+ QWkj lh,e^^ csolkbZV ds lq>kodRrkZvksa dk lEeku&
vke turk dks lq'kklu ,oa fodkl dh oSpkfjd izfdz;k ls O;kid :i ls tksM+us
,oa buds vuqHko vkSj Kku ds vikj Hk.Mkj dk ykHk izns'k ds fodkl dh izfdz;k esa ysus
ds fy, Ldwy }kjk ^^vkbfM;kt+ QkWj lh,e^^ osclkbZV dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gS ftldk
mn~?kkVu eku~uh; eq[;ea=hth }kjk fnukad 19-01-2009 dks fd;k x;k FkkA bl osclkbZV
ds ek/;e ls fo'o ds fdlh Hkh fgLls ls lq'kklu ,oa fodkl ds laca/k esa lq>ko izsf"kr
fd;s tk ldrs gSaA
izkIr vkbZfM;kt ds fo'ys"k.k ,oa vuqJo.k dh iwjh izfØ;k vkWuykbZu j[kh xbZ
gSA ukxfjdksa }kjk fdlh vkbZfM;k dks izsf"kr djrs gh mUgsa bZ&esy ds ek/;e ls
vkbZfM;k izkIr gksus dh lwpuk nh tkrh gSA vkbZfM;k dh izkjafHkd Nkuchu ds mijkar
;fn vkbZfM;k vfxze fo'ys"k.k gsrq mi;qDr ik;k tkrk gS rks ml vkbZfM;k dks
iathd`r dj lacaf/kr foHkkx dks vfHker gsrq vkWuykbZu izsf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh
lq>kodrkZ dks Hkh bZ&esy ds ek/;e ls mlds lq>ko ds iath;u dh lwpuk nsrs gq,
,d vkbZ&Mh ,oa ikloMZ fn;k tkrk gS] ftlds ek/;e ls lq>kodrkZ mlds vkbZfM;k
ij le;≤ ij dh xbZ dk;Zokgh dh fLFkr tku ldrk gSA ;fn izkjafHkd Nkuchu
ds mijkar vkbZfM;k vfxze fo'ys"k.k gsrq mi;qDr ugha ik;k tkrk gS rks ml fLFkr esa
Hkh lq>kodrkZ dks bZ&esy ds ek/;e ls lwpuk nh tkrh gSA iathd`r vkbZfM;k ij
foHkkx dk vfHker izkIr gksus ds mijkar iqu% vkbZfM;k dk ijh{k.k ,d lfefr }kjk
fd;k tkrk gSA rnksijkar vkbZfM;k ds fØ;kUo;u ds laca/k esa ekuuh; eq[;ea=hth dh
v/;{krk esa fu.kZ; fy;k tkrk gSA bl fu.kZ; ds laca/k esa Hkh lq>kodrkZ dks bZ&esy ds
ek/;e ls lwfpr fd;k tkrk gSA
bl csolkbZV dks www.ideasforcm.in ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ekpZ 2011 rd bl
osclkbZV ds ek/;e ls yxHkx 3800 vkbZfM;kt+ izkIr gq, gSaA vHkh rd 12 vkbZfM;kt+
dk fØ;kUo;u gsrq p;u fd;k x;k gSA eku~uh; eq[;ea=hth }kjk fnukad 07 fnlEcj
2010 dks p;fur lq>kodRrkZvksa dk lEeku Hkksiky esa vk;ksftr lekjksg esa fd;k x;k
gSA
11
2-8 e/;izns’k ds fiNM+s ftyksa esa xjhc ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj gsrq izf’k{k.k
dk;ZØe dh fo’ks"k ifj;kstuk dh ekfuVfjax ,oa leUo; dk dk;Z&
xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ,lth,lok; varxZr e/;izns’k ds
fiNM+s ftyksa esa xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou ;kiu dj jgs csjkstxkj ;qod@;qofr;ksa dks
l?ku izf'k{k.k ds ek/;e ls Lojkstxkj fn;s tkus gsrq izf’k{k.k dk;ZØe dh fo’ks"k
ifj;kstuk Lohd`r dh xbZ gS ;kstuk dh dqy ykxr jkf'k :- 1496-00 yk[k gS] ftlesa
dsUnzka'k jkf'k :- 1122-00 yk[k ,oa jkT;ka'k jkf'k :- 374-00 yk[k gSA ifj;kstuk dh
vof/k nks o"kZ gS ,oa ifj;kstuk vof/k esa 12 ftyksa ds 10]000 ;qokvksa@;qofr;ksa dks 9
VªsM esa jkstxkjksUeq[kh izf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk gSA ;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u ÞfØLiÞ (Centre for
Research and Industrial Staff Performance) }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA ifj;kstuk varxZr 09
VªsM& 1- jsMhesM xkjesaV esfdx] 2- lsYl ,oa ekdsZfVx] 3- flD;ksfjVh lfoZl] 4- dEI;wVj
gkMZos;j fjis;j ,oa esUVsusUl] 5- csfld bysfDVªf'k;u] 6- MkVk ,UVªh vkWijsVj] 7- e'khu
esdsfud] 8- vkVkses'ku bUthuh;fjx] 9- gs.MhØkQ~V] esa izf'k{k.k fn;k tk,xkA
lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy dks bl ifj;kstuk ds fy, ÞekWfuVfjx ,oa
,O;wys'ku laLFkkÞ ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;k x;k gS ,oa fØ;kUo;u laLFkk ÞfØLiÞ dks
ifj;kstuk jkf'k dk iznk; Ldwy ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk,xkA ifj;kstuk dh izFke fdLr
ÞfØLiÞ dks iznk; dh tk pqdh gSA orZeku esa fgrxzkfg;ksa dk p;u ,oa vkthfodk ,oa
dkS'ky mUu;u dsUnzks dh LFkkiuk dk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
2-9 iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk fodkl gsrq
izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze ds izHkko ,oa mUu;u laaca/kh v/;;u&
iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx varxZr egkRek xkW/kh jkT; Lrjh; xzkeh.k
fodkl laLFkku }kjk iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk
fodkl gsrq izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze ds izHkko dk ewY;kadu djus ,oa izf’k{k.k fof/k ds mUu;u
ds laca/k esa vuq’kalk nssus ds dk;Z Ldwy dks lkSais x;s gSA Ldwy }kjk v/;;u dh izfØ;k
'kq: dh xbZ gS] ftls vkxkeh 6 ekg esa iw.kZ fd;k tk;sxkA
12
2-10- ,dhd`r ifjis{; ;kstuk ,oa okf"kZd Iyku cukus gsrq iapk;rh jkt
ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk Ldwy dk rduhdh lgk;rk laLFkk ds :i
esa p;u&
iapk;rh jkt ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk e/;izns’k ds fy, rduhdh lgk;rk
laLFkkvkssa ds p;u gsrq jk"Vªh; Lrj ij izLrko ekaxs x;s FksA e/;izns’k ds 06 ftyksa
¼vuwiiqj] neksg] fM.Mksjh] dVuh] flouh ,oa 'kgMksy½ dh ,dhd`r ifjizs{; ;kstuk ,oa
okf"kZd Iyku cukus gsrq Ldwy ds izLrko dks pqurs gq, rduhdh lgk;rk laLFkk ds :i
esa p;u fd;k x;k gSA ;g dk;Z vkxkeh ,d o"kZ esa iw.kZ fd;k tkuk gSA
2-11- e/;izns'k xzkeh.k vkftfodk ifj;kstuk ds izHkko dk vkadyu&
iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx varxZr ^^e/;izns'k xzkeh.k vkftfodk
ifj;kstuk** ds izHkko dk vkadyu djus gsrq v/;;u ^^Assesment of the
improvement in quality of life of Madhya Pradesh Rural Livelihood Project
(MPRLP) beneficiaries** lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy }kjk iw.kZ fd;k x;k A
bl v/;;u dk lkjka’k ifjf’k"V&8-1 ij miyC/k gSA
2-12- 'kkldh; uhfr@dk;ZØekas dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk y{; lewg ij muds
izHkko ds vkadyu&
lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy }kjk 'kkldh; uhfr@dk;ZØekas dk fo'ys"k.k
rFkk y{; lewg ij muds izHkko ds vkadyu laca/kh mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ gsrq dk;Zdkjh
fudk; ds vuqeksnu mijkUr vke turk ls tqM+h gqbZ fuEu ;kstukvksa ij dk;Z fd;k
x;k&
1- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstukA
2- cyjke rykc ;kstukA
3- ekbØks,fjxs'ku ;kstukA
4- dfiy/kkjk ;kstukA
mijksDr ;kstukvksa dk laf{kIr v/;;u lakjk'k fuEukuqlkj gS %&
2-12-1 tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk &
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izofrZr ,oa foRr iksf"kr **tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk** ns'k esa 12
vizSy] 2005 ls izkjaHk dh xbZA e/;izns'k esa **tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk** 15 vxLr] 2005 ls
lapkfyr gSA bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; laLFkkxr izlo dks izksRlkfgr dj xjhc
efgykvksa esa ekr`&e`R;qnj ,oa uotkr f'k'kq&e`R;qnj dks de djuk ,oa mUgsa lqjf{kr
13
ekr`Ro iznku djuk gSA ;kstukUrxZr laLFkkxr izlo djkus ij fgrxzkgh dks xzkeh.k {ks=
esa :- 1400 ,oa 'kgjh {ks= esa :- 1000 dh izksRlkgu jkf'k dk izko/kku gSA lkFk gh izsjd
ds fy, xkzeh.k {ks= esa :- 350 ,oa 'kgjh {ks= esa :- 200 dk izko/kku gSA izlo gsrq
vLirky tkus ds fy, ifjogu O;; dh :- 250 rd dh izfriwfrZ dk izko/kku Hkh
;kstuk esa 'kkfey gSA
**tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk** dks izns'k esa lapkfyr gq, yxHkx iWkp o"kZ iw.kZ gks pqds
gSaA vr% vko’;drk gS fd ;kstuk ds izHkkoksa dk Øec} rjhds ls v/;;u fd;k tk,A
orZeku v/;;u dk eq[; mn~ns'; ykHkkFkhZ efgykvksa] vU; fgrc) lewg esa ;kstuk ds
izfr tkx:drk dk Lrj] izlo dh lw{e ;kstuk ds fdz;kUo;u dh fLFkfr] vk'kk dh
Hkwfedk ,oa lsok iznk; iz.kkyh dh izHkko'khyrk dk v/;;u djuk ,oa lsok iznk; iz.kkyh
esa lq/kkj gsrq lq>ko nsuk gSA
v/;;u gsrq izns'k ds izR;sd laHkkx ls ,d&,d ft+ys dk p;u] o"kZ 2009&10
dh laLFkkxr izlo la[;k ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa iWakp ftys ,sls fy;s x;s gS
tgWak laLFkkxr izlo dh la[;k de gS ,oa iWakp ftys ,sls tgWak laLFkkxr izlo la[;k
T;knk gSA blh vk/kkj ij izR;sd ftys ls nks&nks fodkl[k.Mksa dk p;u ,oa js.Me
vk/kkj ij izR;sd fodkl[kaM ls nks xzkeksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA bl izdkj 10 ftyksa
ds 40 xzkeksa esa v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA p;fur ftys fHk.M] Xokfy;j] mTtSu] bUnkSj]
jk;lsu] cSrwy] lkxj] e.Myk] lruk ,oa mefj;k gSaA v/;;u esa p;fur xzkeksa esa
foRrh; o"kZ 2008&09 ,oa 2009&10 esa izlo izfØ;k ls xqt+j pqdh leLr efgykvksa dks
'kkfey djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA ftu efgykvksa us 'kkldh; laLFkkvksa ¼vLirky½
esa fMysojh djkbZ gS] mUgsa ykHkkFkhZ dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gS ,oa ftudh fMysojh ?kj ij
gqbZ gS] mUgsa xSj ykHkkFkhZ dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA fpfUgr xzkeksa esa inLFk leLr vk'kk
Hkh v/;;u esa 'kkfey dh xbZa gSA ;kstuk ds izHkko dk vkadyu eq[; :i ls iz'ukoyh
,oa lewg ppkZ ij vk/kkfjr gSA ykHkkFkhZ] xSj ykHkkFkhZ ,oa vk'kk ds fy, vyx&vyx
iz'ukoyh dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA
dqy 1516 mRrjnkrkvksa dks v/;;u esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS ftuesa 1248
ykHkkFkhZ] 233 xSj ykHkkFkhZ ,oa 35 vk'kk mRrjnkrk 'kkfey gSA mRrjnkrkvksa dh
lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd izfLFkfr dk fooj.k fuEukuqlkj gS%&
14
mRrjnkrk tkfroxZ
¼izfr'kr esa½
vk;qoxZ
¼izfr'kr esa½
f'k{kk
¼izfr'kr esa½
Js.kh
¼izfr'kr esa½
vtk
vttk
fi oxZ
lkkek
15&19 o"kZ
20&24 o"kZ
25&29 o"kZ
30&34 o"kZ
35&39 o"kZ
> 40 o"kZ
vf'kf{kr
iWakp
oh
vkBoh
gkbZLdwy
gk;jlsds.Mjh
Lukrd@
vf/kd
,ih,y
chih,y
ykHkkFkhZ 23 19 46 12 02 49 38 10 01 0 37 23 25 10 04 01 61 39
xSjykHkkFkhZ 26 31 34 09 02 42 39 15 02 0 46 29 18 07 0 0 48 52
vk'kk 18 11 40 31 0 0 45 29 20 06 0 10 46 29 09 06 & &
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa@xSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds ifr dh vk; dk eq[; L=ksr [ksrh ,oa etnwjh gSA
vkSlru 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd ykHkkfFkZ;ksa@xSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds ifr dh vk; :i;s 1500
izfrekg gS] 25 izfr'kr dh 1501&3000] 10 izfr'kr dh :i;s 3001&5000] 6 izfr'kr
dh :i;s 5001&10000 ,oa 3 izfr'kr dh :i;s 10001 ls vf/kd gSA 30 izfr'kr
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk ,d cPpk] 38 izfr'kr ds 2] 19 izfr'kr ds 3 ,oa 13 izfr'kr ds 4 ;k
vf/kd cPps gSaA vk'kk ds cPpksa ds fo'ys"k.k vuqlkj 15 izfr'kr ds 1 cPpk] 32 izfr'kr
ds 2 cPps] 29 izfr'kr ds 3 cPps ,oa 24 izfr'kr ds 4 ;k vf/kd cPps gSaA
v/;;u vuqlkj ykHkkfFZk;ksa] xSj ykHkkfFZk;ksa ,oa leqnk; esa ;kstuk ds izfr
tkx:drk dk Lrj vPNk ik;k x;k gSA ykHkkFkhZ efgykvksa ds lkFk&lkFk 95 izfr'kr
xSj ykHkkFkhZ efgykvksa dks ;kstuk ds foRrh; izko/kku ds laca/k esa tkudkjh gSA
;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dh fLFkfr dk v/;;u djus ij ik;k x;k gS fd ;kstuk
ds fofHkUu igyqvksa tSls&tPpk cPpk j{kk dkMZ cuuk] vkaxuckM+h esa iath;u ¼95
izfr'kr½] izlo iwoZ tkWp ¼90 izfr'kr½] xHkZorh efgykvksa ds Vhdkdj.k ¼95 izfr'kr½]
vk;ju@QWkfyd ,flM xksfy;ksa ds lsou ¼85 izfr'kr½] fMysojh mijkUr ,d ?kaVs ckn
Lruiku djkus ¼83 izfr'kr½s] f'k'kqvksa ds Vhdkdj.k ,oa iks"k.k vkgkj izkIr djus ¼87
izfr'kr½ dh fLFkfr vPNh jgh gSA ijUrq ;kstuk dh Hkkouk ds vuq:i 3 ekg esa iath;u
ek= 60 izfr'kr efgykvksa dk gh gqvk gS ,oa 30 izfr'kr efgykvksa }kjk izlo iwoZ rhu
tWakp ugha djkbZ xbZ gSa] ftlds fy;s tuizfrfuf/k;ksa ,oa vk'kk] vkaxuckM+h dk;ZdrkZ ,oa
vU; ek/;eksa ls bl laca/k esa tkx:drk ds fy;s izpkj&izlkj dh vko';drk gSA
15
ftu xHkZorh efgykvksa }kjk vk;ju@QWkfyd ,flM xksfy;ksa dk lsou ugha fd;k
x;k gS] muesa ls yxHkx 35 izfr'kr efgykvksa }kjk bldk dkj.k xksfy;Wak izkIr u gksuk
crk;k x;k gSA blh izdkj ftu efgykvksa }kjk iks"k.k vkgkj izkIr ugha fd;k x;k gS
mUgksaus iks"k.k vkgkj izkIr u djus dk izeq[k dkj.k vkaxuckM+h dsUnz dh fuokl ls
T;knk nwjh gksuk ¼40 izfr'kr½@vkaxuckM+h dsUnz dk u gksuk rFkk nwljk izeq[k dkj.k
bl laca/k esa tkudkjh u gksuk ¼36 izfr'kr½ crk;k gSA vr% vk;ju@QWkfyd ,flM
xksfy;ksa dh miyC/krk ,oa vkaxuckM+h dsUnzksa ds laca/k esa mfpr O;oLFkk cukus ,oa iks"k.k
vkgkj ds laca/k esa vksj vf/kd izpkj&izlkj dh vko';drk gSA
vk'kk esa ;kstuk dh foRrh; ,oa rduhdh tkudkjh dh le> lkekU; rkSj ij
vPNh ikbZ xbZ gSA mUgsa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks feyus okyh izksRlkgu jkf'k] xHkZorh efgykvksa ds
iath;u] tPpk&cPpk j{kk dkMZ cukus ds mn~ns';] izlo iwoZ tkWap dh vko`fRr ,oa tWakp
ds igyqvksa] uotkr dks tUe ds ,d ?kaVs ckn gh izFke Lruiku djkus ,oa f'k'kqvksa ds
Vhdkdj.k ds laca/k esa vPNh tkudkjh gSA ijUrq dqN fo"k;ksa tSls ?kj ij fMysojh gksus
¼chih,y Js.kh ,oa nks thfor larkuksa ij½ ij feyus okyh vkfFkZd lgk;rk] fpfUgr
vLirkyksa ,oa tuuh ,Dlizsl ds uacj ds ckjs esa rqyukRed :i ls de tkudkjh ikbZ
xbZ gSA
vk'kk esa muds nkf;Roksa ds laca/k esa le> lkekU; rkSj ij vPNh ikbZ xbZ gS]
ijUrq muds dqN nkf;Ro tSls&xHkZorh efgyk dks vko';d izek.k&i= izkIr djus esa
lgk;rk] f'k'kq tUe@e`R;q dh lwpuk fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh dks nsuk] izlo ds lkr fnu
i'pkr ekrk dh tkWp lqfuf'pr djuk] ds laca/k esa rqyukRed :i ls de le> ikbZ
xbZ gSA 80 izfr'kr ls vf/kd vk'kk }kjk xHkZorh efgykvksa ds fpUgkadu ds fy, x`gHksaV
dk rjhdk viuk;k tkuk ;kstuk dh Hkkouk ds vuq:i gSA 50&60 izfr'kr izdj.kksa esa
vk'kk }kjk loZizFke xHkZorh efgyvksa ls HksaV djus] mudks vLirky ,oa MWkDVj ds ckjs
esa tkudkjh nsus] vLirky esa fMysojh djkus ds fy, izsfjr djus] fMysojh ds fy,
vLirky ysdj tkus ,oa izlwrk ds lkFk vLirky esa :dus esa Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ xbZ g]S
tcfd bu dk;ksZa esa vk'kk dh gh eq[; Hkwfedk gSA vr% vko';drk gS fd bu Hkwfedkvksa
ds fuoZgu gsrq vk'kk dks vksj izsfjr fd;k tk; ,oa le;≤ ij fjQzs'kj dkslZ
vk;ksftr fd;s tk,a ftlls mudh tkudkjh v|ru gksrh jgsA fjÝs'kjdkslZ esa ^^U;wVªh'ku
16
,.M pkbZYM ds;j** ,oa ^^QwM ,.M U;wVªh'ku** tSls dkslZ] tks bafnjk xka/kh vksiu
fo'ofo|ky; }kjk fMLVsaV yfuZax ds ek/;e ls pyk, tkrs gSa] dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk
ldrk gSA xzkeokfl;ksa ls lewg ppkZ ,oa vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ppkZ ds nkSjku ;g ckr mHkj
dj lkeus vkbZ gS fd tks vk'kk laiUu ifjokjksa ls fu;qDr gqbZ gSa] ¼fo'ks"k :i ls lkxj
,oa jk;lsu ftys esa½ muds }kjk viuh Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu iwjh yxu ls ugha fd;k tkrk
gSA vk'kk dk ,d nkf;Ro ifjokj fu;kstu ds fy;s ykHkkFkhZ dks izksRlkfgr djuk gS]
ijUrq v/;;u vuqlkj 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd vk'kk ds rhu ;k rhu ls vf/kd cPpsa gSaA
vr% vk'kk ds p;u esa bu fcUnqvksa dks /;ku esa j[ks tkus dh vko';drk gSA
;kstuk dh Hkkouk ds vuq:i 80 izfr'kr ls vf/kd xHkZorh efgykvksa dk
Vhdkdj.k vkaxuokM+h dsUnz ij gqvk gSA 70 izfr'kr ls vf/kd efgykvksa dks izlo iwoZ
tWakp djkus ds fy, nks fdyksehVj ls vf/kd dh nwjh r; djuh iM+rh gSA blh izdkj
fMysojh djkus ds fy, Hkh 70 izfr'kr ls vf/kd efgykvksa dks 5 fdyksehVj ls vf/kd
dh nwjh r; djuh iM+rh gSA izloiwoZ tWakp ds fy, yxHkx 45 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk
gh miLokLF; dsUnz ,oa izkFkfed LokLF; dsUnz dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk ,oa 28 izfr'kr
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsUnz dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk rFkk fMysojh ds fy,
37 izfr'kr efgykvksa }kjk lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsUnz ,oa 18 izfr'kr efgykvksa }kjk
ftyk fpfdRlky; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk bl ckr dh vksj bafxr djrk gS] fd mi
LokLF; dsUnzksa ,oa izkFkfed LokLF; dsUnzksa dks vkSj vf/kd lqn`<+ fd;s tkus dh
vko';drk gSA
tuuh ,Dlizsl lqfo/kk ek= 27 izfr'kr ,oa 108 okgu lqfo/kk ek= 3 izfr'kr
ykHkkfFkZ;ksasa dks gh miyC/k gks ldh gSA 'ks"k 70 izfr'kr ykHkkFkhZ viuh O;oLFkk ls
vLirky x, gSa ,oa vLirky tkus esa 48 izfr'kr efgykvksa ds 200 :-] 38 izfr'kr
efgykvksa ds 300&400 :- rFkk 14 izfr'kr efgykvksa ds 500 :- ;k mlls T;knk jkf'k
[kpZ gqbZ gSA bl izdkj 70 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk viuh O;oLFkk ls vLirky tkuk bu
lsokvksa dks vkSj vf/kd O;ofLFkr fd;s tkus dh vko';drk iznf'kZr djrk gSA okguksa
dh ekfuVfjax gsrq th-ih-,l- ¼Global Positioning System½ ds mi;ksx ij fopkj fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds vf/kdak'k ¼96 izfr'kr½ izdj.kksa esa fMysojh ulZ }kjk djkbZ xbZ gSA
ijUrq xSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa ek= 33 izfr'kr efgykvksa dh fMysojh izf'kf{kr nkbZ }kjk djkbZ
17
xbZ gS ,oa 42 izfr'kr izdj.kksa esa ifjokj ds lnL; ,oa 25 izfr'kr izdj.kksa esa nkbZ }kjk
fMysojh djkbZ xbZ gS] tks fd lqjf{kr ekr`Ro dh n`f"V ls mfpr ugha gSA
vLirky esa fMysojh djkus ij ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk O;; ¼nokbZ;kW] jgus] [kkusihus]
MkWDVj dh Qhl vkfn½ fofHkUu ftyksa esa vyx&vyx jgk gSA vkSlr :i ls ykHkkFkhZ dk
vLirky esa fMysojh djkus ij O;; yxHkx :i;s 800 jgk gSA vLirky esa fMysojh
djkus ij de O;; gksus dk ,d dkj.k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk vLirky esa 03 fnu ls de
:duk gSA
;kstukuqlkj lqjf{kr ekr`Ro gsrq izlwrk dks 3 fnu vLirky esa :duk pkfg,
ijUrq izlo mijkUr 41 izfr'kr efgyk,a ek= ,d fnu ,oa 36 izfr'kr efgyk,a nks fnu
gh vLirky esa :dh gSaA ek= 21 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk gh izlo mijkar rhu fnu
vLirky esa :duk bl ckr dks n'kkZrk gS fd LokLF; dsUnzksa dks vkSj vf/kd lqfo/kk;qDr
cuk;k tk, rkfd yksx lqfo/kkvksa@lsokvksa ls vkd`"V gksdj LokLF; dsUnzksa ij vk,a u
fd flQZ vkfFkZd ykHk ds ykyp esa vk,aA lsokvksa dh igqWap c<+kus ds fy;s uflZax LVWkQ
ds fjDr inksa dh iwfrZ] iyax ,oa LFkku dh i;kZIr O;oLFkk fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA
lewg ppkZ ds nkSjku ;g ckr mHkj dj lkeus vkbZ gS fd dbZ ckj uflZax LVkWQ@iyax
dh deh ds dkj.k vLirky }kjk izlwrk dks fu/kkZfjr le;kof/k ds iwoZ gh fMLpktZ dj
fn;k tkrk gSA
ek= 24 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ks dks vLirky ls fMLpkZt gksrs le; izksRlkgu jkf'k
izkIr gqbZ gS] tcfd 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks izlo ds 7 fnuksa ds mijkar gh
izksRlkgu jkf'k izkIr gks ldh gSA blh izdkj ek= 40 izfr'kr vk'kk dks gh izlo fnuakd
ls 7 fnu ds vUnj izksRlkgu jkf'k izkIr gqbZ gSA 25 izfr'kr ls vf/kd vk'kk dks ;g
jkf'k izlo fnuakd ls 15 fnu ls ,d ekg ds vUnzj izkIr gqbZ gS ,oa 23 izfr'kr vk'kk
dks izksRlkgu jkf'k izkIr gksus esa ,d ekg ls T;knk dk le; yxk gSA
;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa v/;;u gsrq p;fur ftyksa esa dkQh fHkUurk ifjyf{kr
gqqbZ gSA mefj;k] lruk] lkxj ,oa fHk.M ftys esa ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dh fLFkfr
rqyukRed :i ls de izHkkoh jgh gSA ;kstuk dh izHkko'khyrk c<+kus ds fy;s mfpr
gksxk fd ,d lkW¶Vos;j rS;kj fd;k tk;s ftlls ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dh leh{kk
xHkZorh efgykokj@xzkeokj@ftysokj dh tk ldsA 'kklu funsZ'kksa ds vuq:i fgrxzkfg;ksa
18
dh lwph LokLF; dsUnzksa ds uksfVl cksMZ ij pLik gksuh pkfg,] tks fd lkekU;r% ugha
ikbZ xbZ gSA vr% bl laca/k esa leqfpr dk;Zokgh fd;s tkus dh vko';drk gSA
f'k{kk ds Lrj dk ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u ds fofHkUu igywvksa tSls tPpk&cPpk
j{kk dkMZ cuus] iks"k.k vkgkj izkIr djus vkfn ij /kukRed izHkko dks ns[krs gq;s
vko';d gS fd xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa f'k{kk ds izpkj&izlkj ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk;s] ftlls
fofHkUu lsokvksa dh izHkko'khyrk vius vki c<+ tk;sxhA
2-12-2- cyjke rky ;kstuk&
cyjke rky ;kstuk dks LFkk;h vk/kkj ij o"kkZ ty ds laj{k.k ds }kjk d`f"k
xfrfof/k;ksa dks leFkZu nsus ds fy, o"kZ 2007 es fØ;kfUor fd;k x;k FkkA 31 ekPkZ
2010 rd 7518 fdlku bl ;kstuk ls ykHkkfUor gks pqds gSA
orZeku v/;;u dks cyjke rky ;kstuk ds izHkko ds vk¡dyu ds fy, fuEu mn~ns’;ksa
ds rgr fd;k x;kA
;kstuk dh igq¡p ,oa foLrkj dk v/;;uA
ykHkkFkhZ;ksa }kjk d`f"k mRiknu esa o`f) dk v/;;uA
lsokiznk; iz.kkyh dh izHkko'khyrk ,oa iznk; iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj ds fy, dkjdksa dh
igpku djukA
bl v/;;u ds varxZr fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa uker% d`f"k foHkkx] jkT; d`f"k foLrkj
izf'k{k.k ,oa v/;;u laLFkku ¼fl,V½ Hkksiky] ;kstuk ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ,oa xzke iapk;r
izfrfuf/k;ksa dh jk; ds vk/kkj ij ;kstuk ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa ,oa bldh mi;ksfxrk dk
v/;;u fd;k x;kA bl v/;;u ds varxZr xq.kkRed ,oa la[;kRed rjhdksa dk
bLrseky fd;k x;kA v/;;u ds nkSjku ;kstuk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa tSlsa fd d`f"k
mRiknu esa o`f)] flapkbZ ds fy, ikuh dh miyC/krk] ;kstuk esa lq/kkj bR;kfn ds fy,
foLr̀r iz'ukoyh dk fuekZ.k dj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ij ijh{k.k fd;k x;kA v/;;u ds fy;s
ijiflo ,oa jSUMe uewuhdj.k dh enn ls izR;sd d`f"k& tyokq; {ks= ls ,d ftyk
fy;k x;kA bl izdkj >kcqvk] /kkj] fNanokM+k] ckyk?kkV] cyjke rky ;kstuk dk izHkko
vkadyu eaMyk] flouh] tcyiqj] Hkksiky] Xokfy;j] Nrjiqj] [kjxksu ftyksa ls dqy 169
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk foLr̀r losZ{k.k v/;;u ds nkSjku fd;k x;kA
19
fdlku dY;k.k ,oa d`f"k fodkl foHkkx }kjk vf/kdrj ftyksa esa ;kstuk dks lQy
cukus dh fn’kk esa ldkjkRed iz;kl fd, x, gaSA ftyksa esa vis{kkd`r de LVkQ gksus ds
ckotwn Hkh ;kstuk dh igq¡p ftyk eq[;ky; ls dkQh nwj rd ikbZ xbZA foHkkx ds
fofHké Lrj ds deZpkfj;ksa tSls fd losZ;j] xzkeh.k d`f"k fodkl vf/kdkjh] d`f"k fodkl
vf/kdkjh] ofj"B d`f"k fodkl vf/kdkjh] lgk;d Hkwfe laj{k.k vf/kdkjh dh Hkwfedk bl
;kstuk dks lQy cukus esa egRoiw.kZ jghaA eaMyk] flouh] ckyk?kkV] tcyiqj ftyksa esa
nqxZe LFkkuksa ij rkykc dk fuekZ.k djkus esa foHkkx }kjk d`"kdksa dks lrr~ lg;ksx iznku
djuk] ;kstuk dh lQyrk dk eq[; dkj.k jgk gSA
cyjke rky cuus ds Ik’pkr~ flapkbZ ds ikuh dh d`f"k ds fy, miyC/krk dqN ftyksa
dks NksM+dj lkekU;r% lHkh ftyksa esa c<+h gSA blds lkFk gh lkFk [kjhQ] jch ,oa tk;n
dh Qlyksa esa fofHké le; esa ikuh nsus dh vko`fÙk esa Hkh o`f) gqbZ gSA bl rjg d`f"k
lw[kk ¼,xzhdYpj Mªk¡V½ dks de djus dh fn'kk esa cyjke rky ;kstuk dk egRoiw.kZ
;ksxnku gSA flapkbZ ds ikuh dh lrr~ miyC/krk gksus ds dkj.k] vf/kdrj ftyksa esa
Qly mRiknu esa o`f) gqbZ gS tks [kjhQ ,oa jch dh Qlyks esa ns[kh xbZA bl ;kstuk
dh vU; egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k;ksa esa ikuh dh miyC/krk ds QyLo:i] d`f"k lgk;d
O;olk;ksa dks leFkZu feyuk gSA buesa izeq[k :i ls eRL; ikyu] lCth mRiknu bR;kfn
lfEefyr gSaA bu lgk;d O;olk;ksa esa [kkldj] flouh] eaMyk ,oa ckyk?kkV ftyksa esa
d`"kdksa dk O;kid :>ku ns[kk x;k A ftlds QyLo:i [ksrh esa vk; ds vykok] vU;
O;olk;ksa ls d`"kdksa dh vk; esa o`f) gqbZ gSA ;kstuk ds varxZRk Lo;a ds [ksr esa rkykc
gksus ds dkj.k] le; dh cpr ,oa [ksrksa esa ikuh igq¡pkus dh ykxr esa] deh ns[kh xbZA
cyjke rky ;kstuk dk Hkw&ty lao/kZu] ijrh tehu dks d`f"k ;ksX; cukus] tehu dh
mitkÅ {kerk c<+kus dh fn'kk esa ldkjkRed izHkko ik;k x;kA gk¡ykfd cyjke rky
;kstuk dk foLrkj ftysa ds van:uh xkaoksa esa ns[kk x;k] vfirq ;kstuk dh igqap
lkekU;r% cM+s d`"kdksaa rd gh lhfer gSA ;kstuk ds varxZr ykxr /kujkf'k vR;f/kd
gksus ds dkj.k lhekar d`"kd bl ;kstuk dk ykHk ysus esa lkekU;r% oafpr jg tkrs gSaA
gk¡ykfd ;kstuk esa izFke vkos izFke ikos ds vk/kkj ij vkoaVu dk izko/kku gS] ijUrq
;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u es ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk yxk;s tkus okyss /ku ds vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k
lkekU;r% lEié d`"kd bldk vf/kdrj ykHk ys ikrs gSa] ftlls ftys okj y{; rks iwjk
20
fn[krk gS ijarq bles xjhc d`"kdks dh Hkkxhnkjh de jgrh gSA ;kstuk esa d`"kdksa dks cSad
}kjk _.k nsus dk izko/kku gS] ftlls fd lhekar ,oa NksVs d`"kdksa dks ;kstuk dk ykHk
fn;k tk ldsaA gk¡ykfd bl lanHkZ esa cSad }kjk _.k nsus ds dksbZ Hkh mnkgj.k lkeus
ugha vk;saA ;g ;kstuk lhekar ,oa NksVs d`"kdksa ds fy, bl fn'kk ls Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS fd
de Hkwfe gksus ds dkj.k os lrr~ :i esa] T;knk ls T;knk Qlyksa ds fy, ikuh dk
mi;ksx dj ldsaxsA blds fy, foHkkx }kjk bl lanHkZ esa cSad ds ek/;e ls d`"kdksa dks
fo'ks"kdj lhekar d`"kdksa dks _.k miyC/k djkus dh fn'kk esa iz;kl djus pkfg,A
cyjke rky ;kstuk ds vkoaVu ds lkFk gh lkFk t:jr ean d`"kdksa dks jk"Vªh; [kk|
lqj{kk fe'ku ¼,u-,Q-,l-,e-½ ds varxZr iEi dk Hkh vkoaVu Hkh gksuk pkfg,] ftlls
fd d`"kdksa dks nksckjk vuko';d dkxth izfØ;kavksa esa le; O;FkZ u djus iM+sA ;kstuk
ds lq/kkj ds laca/k esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ,oa foHkkx ds deZpkfj;ksa ls v/;;u ds nkSjku ifjppkZ
esa vuqnku jkf'k dk de gksuk O;kid :i esa fudy dj lkeus vk;kA vuqnku jkf'k dk
fu/kkZj.k izpfyr lh-,l-vkj- njksa ds vuqlkj fd;k tkuk T;knk okLrfod izrhr gksrk
gSA blds lkFk gh lkFk dqN ftyksa tSals fd >kcqvk] Xokfy;j esa feV~Vh dh ikuh lks[kus
dh vR;f/kd {kerk gksus ds dkj.k ty l axzg.k dh bl ;kstuk dk ykHk mn~ns’;ksa ds
vuq:Ik ykFkkfFkZ;ksa dks ugha fey ldk gSA bl lanHkZ esa ;kstuk dh lacaf/kr
tuin@Cykd esa fØ;kUo;u ls igys e`nk dh mi;ksfxrk dk ijh{k.k fd;k tkuk vfr
vko';d gSA
2-12-3 ekbØks,fjxs'ku ;kstuk&
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ekbØksbfjxs’ku ;kstuk foRrh; o"kZ 2005-06 ds ekg tuojh
2006 ls Lohd`r dh xbZ rFkk e/; izns’k esa bl ;kstuk dks blh o"kZ ls ykxw fd;k
x;kA
;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; ^ekbØksbfjxs’ku }kjk iSnkokj c<+kuk rFkk ty ds
mi;ksx esa ferO;;rk ykuk gSA ekbØzksbfjxs’ku ;kstuk ,d lgk;rk O;oLFkk gS] ftlds
vUrxZr fdlku dks ikS/kksa dh O;oLFkk djus ls ysdj Qly ds iwoZ dk izcU/ku rFkk
foi.ku rd lHkh Lrjksa ij lgk;rk miyC/k djokbZ tkrh gSA bl izdkj ;kstuk ds }kjk
mUur d`f"k mRFkku gsrq lHkh igyqvksa tSls vPNh d`f"k izFkkvksa] Qlyksijkar gSUMfyax rFkk
21
foi.ku ij lesfdr :i ls /;ku nsuk vko';d gSA ty lalk/kuksa dk fodkl rFkk ty
izca/ku ds ek/;e ls dq¡vksa dk vPNh rjg ls iquHkZj.k Hkh ;kstuk dk egRoiw.kZ vo;o gSA
;kstuk dh izfr O;fDr dh dqy ykxr dks orZeku esa dsUnzz ljdkj] jkT; ,oa
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk ,d fuf’pr vuqikr esa ogu fd;k tkrk gSA vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa
tutkfr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s dsUnz }kjk dqy ykxr dk 40 izfr’kr] jkT; ljdkj }kjk
40 izfr’kr rFkk ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk 20 izfr’kr ogu fd;k tkrk gSA tcfd lkekU; oxZ ds
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ;g vuqikr dze’k% 40 izfr’kr] 30 izfr’kr rFkk 30 izfr’kr gSA
orZeku v/;;u dks ekbdzksbfjxs’ku ;kstuk ds izHkko vkadyu ds fy, fuEu
m}ss’;ksa ds rgr fd;k x;k gS %&
ekbØzksbfjxs'ku ;kstuk ds izlkj] izHkko ¼Hkwfe mi;ksx esa cnyko]iSnkokj esa o`f)]
Je rFkk buiqV esa deh vkfn½ dk vk¡dyu djukA
;kstuk dks izHkkoh :i ls ykxw djus ds fy;s izfØ;kRed dfBukbZ;ksa rFkk
fØ;kUo;u ,stsUlh dh izHkko'khyrk dk irk yxkukA
lsokiznk; iz.kkyh dh izHkko'khyrk ,oa iznk; iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj ds fy, dkjdksa dh
igpku djukA
;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa ^^cSLV izsfDVlst^^ dk laxzg.k djukA
bl v/;;u ds varxZr fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa uker% m|kfudh ,oa okfudh iz{ks=
foHkkx] ,e-vkbZ-,l- iznk; djus okyh ,stsUlh@laLFkk ,oa ;kstuk ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh jk;
ds vk/kkj ij ;kstuk ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa ,oa bldh mi;ksfxrk dk v/;;u djus dk
iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ds varxZr xq.kkRed ,oa la[;kRed rjhdksa dk
bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA
v/;;u gsrq jS.Me vk/kkj ij 10 ftyksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA p;fur ftyksa esa
ls YkkHkkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;kuqlkj 25, 40 ,oa 60 YkkHkkfFkZ;ksa dks js.Me vk/kkj ij p;fur dj
iz'ukoyh ds ek/;e ls vk¡dMs ,d= fd, x,A rqYukRed v/;;u gsrq izR;sd ftys ls
dqN daVªksy d`"kdksa dks Hkh v/;;u esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA
v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij ns[kk x;k fd ekbØksbfjxs’ku ;kstuk ds mi;ksx mijkar
flapkbZ ds jdcs ,oa ty lzksrksa esa ty miyC/krk esa lkekUr% c<+ksRrjh ntZ dh xbZ gSA
bl ;kstuk dh vU; egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k;ksa esa ikuh] fo|qr] [kkn ,oa etnwjh ij
gksus okys O;; esa deh gksus ls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh d`f"k lacaf/kr vk; esa c<+ksRrjh ns[kus dks
22
feyh gSA ;|fi lkekU; :Ik ls lHkh oxksZa ds d`"kdksa dh ;kstuk esa Hkkxhnkjh ntZ dh
xbZ gS] ijUrq eq[;r% blesa ^^vU; fiNM+k oxZ^^ ,oa ^^lkekU; oxZ^^ ds d`"kdksa dh la[;k
vf/kd ikbZ xbZ gSA
v/;;u d ifj.kkeksa ls izrhr gksrk gS fd fMªi iz.kkyh dh rqyuk esa fLizadyj
iz.kkyh ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa dh izkFkfedrk esa gSA mRikndrk esa o`f) ;kstuk ds ,d egRoiw.kZ
igyw ds :Ik esa lkeus vk;k gSA v/;;u ds nkSjku ;g Kkr gqvk fd ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa dk
m|kfudh Qlyksa dk izfr ,dM+ mRiknu dUVªksy d`"kd ¼tks iz.kkyh dk mi;ksx ugha
dj jgs gS½ dh rqyuk esa vf/kd gSA
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk iz.kkyh ds mi;ksx mijakr Hkwfe ds mi;ksx esa Hkh cnyko fd;s
x;s gSaA orZeku esa ykHkkFkhZ d`"kd viuh d`f"k ;ksX; ,oa iM+r Hkwfe dk mi;ksx m|kfudh
Qlyksa ds mRiknu gsrq djus yxs gSA blls ;g izrhr gksrk gS fd ;kstuk d`"kdksa dks
m|kfudh Qlyksa ds mRiknu gsrq izsfjr dj ikbZ gS ,oa m|kfudh Qlyksa dks c<+kok nsus
dh fn’kk dh vksj vxzlj gSA
vk’kkuq:i ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa }kjk ;kstukarxZr fy;s x;s fLizadyj iz.kkyh dk
mi;ksx m|kfudh Qlyksa esa u djrs gq;s eq[; Qlyksa tSls % lks;kchu] puk] xsgw¡
bR;kfn esa fd;s tkus ds ekeys lkeus vk;s gSaA
ekbØksbfjxs’ku iz.kkyh ds j[k j[kko lacaf/kr fnDdrkas dk o.kZu lkekU; :Ik ls gj ftysa
esa ns[kus esa ik;k x;k gSA ekbØksbfjxs’ku iznk; djus okyh laLFkk,sa@,stsfUl;ka iznk; dh
xbZ ekbØksbfjxs’ku iz.kkfy;ksa ds j[k j[kko ds izfr cgqr mRlkgo/kZd ugh ik, x,A
pw¡fd ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa ds ikl Hkh iz.kkyh ds j[k j[kko gsrq dksbZ vU; fodYi ugha gSA
vr% os vkt Hkh iznk; ,stsfUl;ksa ij fuHkZj gSaA ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa dks lekU;r% izf’k{k.k dh
vko’;drk gSA foHkkx dh foLrkj iz.kkyh dks ykHkkfFkZ;ksa d`"kdksa dh izf’k{k.k lacaf/kr
leL;kvksa djus gsrq vkSj lfØ; gksus dh vko’;drk izrhr gksrh gSA v/;;u dh fjiksVZ
rS;kj dj m|kfudh ,oa iz{ks= foHkkx dks izLrr dh tk pqdh gSA
23
2-12-4 dfiy/kkjk ;kstuk&
dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk e/;izns’k ljdkj ds iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx ds
vUrxZr ,d mi;kstuk ds :Ik esa o"kZ 2006 ls 'kq: dh xbZA vizSy 2008 ls bldk
ifjpkyu egkRek xka/kh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk ds vUrZxr ,d mi;kstuk
ds :i es jkT; ds lHkh ftyksa esa fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g mi;kstuk ftyksa esa futh d`f"k
Hkwfe ij flapkbZ lqfo/kk miyC/k djkus ds fy, fØ;kfUor gSA pw¡fd dsoy o"kkZ vk/kkfjr
,oa flapkbZ lqfo/kk fofgu d`f"k {ks=ksa esa o"kkZ dh vfu;ferrk vFkok deh ds dkj.k d`f"k
mRiknu izHkkfor gksrk gSA blfy, ;g ekuk x;k fd mu {ks=ksa es tgkWa vis{kkd`r fiNM+s
ijUrq tkx:d d̀"kd ftuds ikl leqfpr d`f"k Hkwfe gS vkSj tks d`f"k gsrq
v/kkslajpukRed O;oLFkk,s tqVkus esa l{ke gSa] dks ;fn d`f"k Hkwfe dh flapkbZ gsrq ikuh dk
dkjxj L=ksr miyC/k djk fn;k tk;s rks d`f"k mRiknu esa lqfuf'prrk rFkk d`"kdksa dh
vkthfodk esa xq.kkRed lq/kkj laHko gSA
dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk dk v/;;u fuEu mn~ns’;ks ds varxZr fd;k x;kA
dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk ds izlkj dk irk yxkukA
yf{kr lewg rFkk {ks=ksa esa mi;kstuk ds izHkkoksa dh tkp djukA
;kstukUrxZr lsokiznk; iz.kkyh dh izHkkfodrk dk v/;;u djuk ,oa lsok
iznk; iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj gsrq lq>ko@izLrqr djukA
dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk dk vU; ljdkjh ;kstuvksa ds lkFk vfHklj.k dk irk
yxkukA
v/;;u ds varxZr yf{kr mn~ns’;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, mi;kstuk ls lacaf/kr
fofHké igyqvksa tSls dh fgrxzkfg;ksa ,oa mi;kstuk laca/kh vko’;d tkudkjh ,oa
nLrkost] {ks= dh lkekU; lkekftd tulkaf[;dh; izksQkbZy] mi;kstuk ls leqnk; dks
tksM+us vkSj lgHkkxh cukus lac/kh iz;klksa dh tkudkjh] ifj;kstuk ls lacaf/kr nLrkost+ksa
rFkk m|kfudh foHkkx }kjk djk;s x;s vk/kkjHkwr loZs{k.k] 'kks/k ,oa v/;;u fjiksVksaZ dks
v/;;u esa lfEefyr fd;k x;kA
v/;;u esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh fofHkérk dks ikus gsrq izns'k ds d`f"k tyok;q {ks=
oxhZdj.k dks vk/kkj cuk;k x;kA bl izdkj izns'k dss 11 ¼X;kjg½ d`f"k tyok;q {ks=ksa esa
ls ,d&,d ftys dks jS.Me vk/kkj ij v/;;u gsrq p;fur fd;k x;k rFkk izR;sd
ftys ls fuEu Jsf.k;ksa es ls 50 ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gS%&
24
vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr
xjhch js[kk ls uhps
Hkwfe lq/kkj ds ykHkkFkhZ
bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk ds ykHkkFkhZ
bl rjg v/;;u ds fy, dqy 550 ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA
v/;;u ds mn~ns’kksa ds laca/k esa tkudkjh ,d= djus gsrq iz’ukoyh dk fuekZ.k
fd;k x;k ftls lgt ,oa ljy Hkk"kk esa cuk;k x;k] ftlls fd mRrjnkrk dks vklkuh
ls le> esa vk ldsaA bl iz'ukoyh dk fuekZ.k eq[;% la[;kRed vk¡dM+ksa dks bdV~Bk
djus ds fy, fd;k x;k rFkk blesa dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk ds fofHkUu igyw ij
tkudkjh izkIr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr bl iz'ukoyh ls O;fDrxr
tkudkfj;ksa dks bdV~Bk djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k ftlls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa vkilh fHkUurk
dk mi;kstuk ds izHkkoksa ls laca/k ns[kk tk ldsA v/;kRed vkadM+ksa dh fofo/krk ,oa
ig¡qp dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, budh xq.kkRed vk¡dM+ksa ls HkjikbZ dh xbZA ftudk laxzg.k
ikVhZlhisVksjh :jy viszt+y ¼ih-vkj-,½ rduhdksa tSlas yf{kr lewg ppkZ] VkbZe&ykbZu
,DljlkbZl vkfn ds ek/;e ls fd;k x;kA iz'ukoyh fuekZ.k i'pkr~ bldh mi;ksfxrk
dh tk¡p djus ds fy, ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk ik;yV ijh{k.k fd;k x;k rFkk blds vk/kkj
ij iz'ukoyh dks lqpk: :i fn;k x;kA
dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk izHkko ds v/;;u esa egkRek xka/kh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj
xkjaVh ;kstuk }kjk vf/kdrj ftyksa esa mi;kstuk dks lQy cukus dh fn'kk esa
ldkjkRed iz;kl mHkjdj vk;s gSA ftyksa esa deZpkfj;ksa dh deh gksus ds ckotwn
mi;kstuk dh igq¡p yxHkx lHkh xk¡oks rd gSA foHkkx }kjk mi;kstuk dh igq¡p rFkk
tkudkjh c<+kus gsrq dbZ lkFkZd dne mBk;s x;s gSA tSls cSadksa }kjk etnwjh dk Hkqxrku
,oa tkudkfj;ksa dk dEI;wVjhd`r djukA v/;;u ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k fd dfiy
/kkjk mi;kstuk fØ;kUou mijkUr d`f"k ds fy, ikuh dh miyC/krk vf/kdrj ftyksa esa
c<+h gSA mi;kstuk ds dkj.k d`f"k iSnkokj rks c<+h gh gS lkFk gh lkFk ykbZo&LVkWd
vkSj m|kfudh ij Hkh blds ldkjkRed izHkko ns[kus esa vk, gSaA mi;kstuk ds dkj.k
jkstxkj ds u;s fodYi Hkh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks miyC/k gq, gSaA flapkbZ esa yxus okyh fofHkUu
ykxrksa tSls fctyh] ikbi] Mhty bR;kfn esa Hkh dkQh deh vkbZ gSA mi;kstuk ds
pyrs ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh vk; esa o`f) ikbZ xbZ gSA mi;kstuk varxZRk fufeZr lajpukvksa ds
dkj.k lHkh ftyksa esa vc T;knk ls T;knk iM+r Hkwfe ij Hkh d`f"k ,oa m|kfudh djuk
25
laHko gks ik;k gSA dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk dk foLrkj jkT; ds vUn:uh xk¡o rFkk
lhekUr fdlkuksa rd ns[kk x;k gSaA mi;sktuk varxZRk T;knk ls T;knk ykHk xjhch js[kk
ls uhps ds fdlkuksa dks fn;k x;k gSA mi;kstuk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ds fØ;kUo;u ds
fy, le;&lhek lacaf/kr Li"V funsZ’k ds vkHkko esa dqN ftyksa esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks
dfBukbZ;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA dfiy /kkjk dq¡vksa ds lkFk iquZHkj.k lajpukvksa ds
fuekZ.k dh tks vis{kk,sa mi;kstuk ds varxZr dh xbZ Fkh] fdUrq ;g izfdz;k dqN ftyksa esa
vis{kkd`r detksj ikbZ xbZA dqN lajpkukvksa esa ckm.Mªh oky dk fuekZ.k ugha gqvk Fkk
rFkk vf/kdka’k lajpukvksa esa iquZHkj.k dks ysdj vis{kkd`r lQyrk ugha fey ikbZA ;gka
rd dh vk/ks ls T;knk ftyksa esa iquZHkj.k lajpukvksa dks cUn ik;k x;kA mi;kstuk
varxZRk flQZ dq¡vksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gSa tks iw.kZ :i ls Hkw&ty ij fuHkZj gSa vkSj
ftu ftyksa esa Hkw&ty dk Lrj de gS ogka ;k rks dq¡vksa esa ikuh gh ugha jgrk gS ;k
tYnh lw[k tkrk gSA dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk ds vk¡oVu ds lkFk gh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks vU;
;kstukvksa ds varxZr iEi dk vk¡oVu vkSj d`f"k gsrq lkexzh tSls % cht] ÅoZjd bR;kfn
dk Hkh forj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg, Fkk tks fd laHko ugh gks ldkA mi;kstuk ds lq/kkj
ds laca/k esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa us vuqnku jkf'k dk iw.kZ :i ls vkSj le; ij Hkqxrku uk gksuk
Hkh ,d cM+h leL;k ds :i esa fudydj lkeus vk;kA
2-13 varjkZ"Vªªh; laLFkkvksa ls lg;ksx ,oa leUo; ds iz;kl&
MkW- vk'kh"k f}osnh] ysDpjj bu bUQkesZ'ku lkbal] gy ;wfuoflZVh fctusl Ldwy]
;wfuoflZVh vkWQ gy }kjk tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds izHkko ds v/;;u esa rduhdh lg;ksx
iznku djus dh lgefr cuh ftlds rgr ;kstuk ds vk¡dM+ks ds cgqvk;eh fo'ys"k.k esa gy
fctusl Ldwy }kjk lg;ksx iznku fd;k x;kA
Hkkjr esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj ds {ks= esa fd, x, **[ksrh** rduhd ds izlkj
dh fn’kk esa 'ksQhYM gyke fo’ofo|ky; ;w-ds- ds izksQslj ,.Mh Mh;jMsu ,oa MkW- ,l-,e-
gSnj fjtoh] lapkyd ¼uhfr fo’ys"k.k½ lq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy ds chp lg;ksx
tkjh jgkA
us’kuy ;wfuoflZVh] flaxkiqj dh 'kks/k Nk=k lqJh vuU;k letnkj us Ldwy esa
baLVhV~;w’kuy QSyks ds :Ik esa vizSy 2010 rd dk;Z fd;k rFkk Ldwy ds dksj LVkWQ }kjk
muds ih,pMh 'kks/k esa fof/kor vdknfed lg;ksx iznku fd;k x;kA
&&00&&
26
v/;k; & rhu
lsehukj@dk;Z'kkyk,sa
3-1 lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx ,oa lq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy ds lfEefyr
iz;kl ls dk;Z’kkyk &
"Moving Towards Good Governance :Dissemination of Good Practices
and Strategies for Adoption" fo"k; ij ,d fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fnukad
29 ebZ 2010 dks gksVy tgkWuqek iSysl esa lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx] e/;izns'k 'kklu] rFkk
lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy] Hkksiky ds la;qä rRok/kku esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA
blesa e/;izns'k 'kklu ds ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa 05 lHkkaxh; vk;qDr ,oa 10 ftyk/;{kksa dh
lgHkkfxrk jghA dk;Z'kkyk dk mn~?kkVu egkefge Jh 'ks[kj nRr] jkT;iky NRrhlx<+
}kjk fd;k x;kA la?k yksdlsok vk;ksx ¼;w-ih-,l-lh-½] ds v/;{k MkW- Mh-ih- vxzoky us
fof’k"V vfrfFk ds :i esa lfEefyr gksdj dk;Z’kkyk esa viuk mn~cks/ku fn;kA dk;Z'kkyk esa
21 vizsy 2010 dks iz/kkuea=h mRd`"Vrk iq:Ldkj ls lEekfur 08 csLV izsfDVlsl rFkk
e/;izns'k jkT; dh p;fur 02 csLV izsfDVlsl dk izLrqfrdj.k fd;k x;kA
csLV izsfDVlsl ds izLrqfrdj.k mijkar eq[; lfpo] e/;izns'k 'kklu dh v/;{krk esa
fo'ks"k ppkZ l= "Exploring Areas for Adoption,Adaption and Up Scaling of Good
Practices in the Context of Madhya Pradesh" fo"k; ij vk;ksftr fd;k x;k] ftles
e/;izns'k 'kklu ds ofj"B vf/kdkjh ,oa vU; jkT;ksa ls vk;s izfrfuf/k;ksa dh lgHkkfxrk
jghA
&&00&&
27
v/;k; & pkj
foRrh; izfrosnu
o"kZ 2010&11 esa Ldwy ds fy, :i;s 600-00 yk[k dk ctV izko/kku fuEukuqlkj
izLrkfor Fkk &
eku la[;k & 01
eq[; 'kh"kZ & 2052 & lfpoky;hu lkekU; lsok;sa
jkT; vk;ksx ¼lkekU;½ & 101
lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy dh LFkkiuk ¼5163½
en jkf'k ¼yk[k :i;ksa esa½
001&v|kslajpuk vuqnku & 400
002&la/kkj.k vuqjku & 200
;ksx 600
mijksDrkuqlkj vkgfjr jkf'k ls o"kZ 2010&11 esa :i;s 543 yk[k dk O;; fd;k
x;k gSA
&&00&&
28
v/;k; & ik¡p
Ldwy@dksj LVkQ dks izkIr lEeku
5-1 vkbZfM;kt Qkj lh,e osclkbZV dks ifCyd ikfVZflis’ku Js.kh esa ^^oscjRu vokMZ
¼flYoj vkbZdu½**&
lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa uokpkj
dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, o"kZ 2009 ls fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa gsrq ^^oscjRu vokMZ^^ dh
LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA vke turk dks lq’kklu ,oa fodkl ls oSpkfjd :i ls tksM+us ,oa
muds vuqHko vkSj Kku ds vikj Hk.Mkj dk ykHk izns’k ds fodkl dh izfd;k esa ysus ds
fy, Ldwy ,oa 'kklu ds lfEefyyr iz;kl ^^vkbZfM;k Qkj lh,e** osclkbZV dks
ifCyd ikfVZflis’ku Js.kh esa ^^oscjRu vokMZ&2009 ¼flYoj vkbZdu½** lkekU; iz’kklu
foHkkx rFkk eku- eq[;ea=h dk;kZy; ds ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk Ldwy ds dksj LVkQ dks
lfEefyr :i ls lwpuk izks|ksfxdh foHkkx] Hkkjr ldkj }kjk vizSy 2010 esa foKku
Hkou] ubZ fnYyh esa vk;ksftr okf"kZd iqjLdkj lekjksg&2010 esa iznku fd;k x;kA
Ldwy dh vksj ls bl osclkbZV ls laacaf/kr dk;Z dk leUo; Jh vf[kys’k vxZy]
lapkyd ¼lq’kklu½ }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
5-2 KHETI ifj;kstuk ds fy, MkW- ,l-,e- gSnj fjtoh] lapkyd ¼uhfr fo’ys"k.k½
dh izksxzke eSustesaV baLVhV~;wV (USA) }kjk ljkguk&
MkW- ,l-,e- gSnj fjtoh] lapkyd ¼uhfr fo’ys"k.k½ }kjk KHETI ;kstuk ij fd;s
x;s dke dh izksxzke eSustesaV baLVhV~;wV (USA) us ,d lQy dk;Z dh Js.kh esa pqu
dj KHETI ij vk/kkfjr ys[k viuh varjkZ"Vªh; if=dk esa izdkf’kr fd;kA
&&00&&
29
v/;k; & N%
dksj LVkWQ }kjk jk"Vªh; Lrj ij vk;ksftr
fof'k"V dk;ZØeksa esa rduhdh ;ksxnku
Dr. H.P. Dikshit, on invitation of the Governor of Chhattisgarh, addressed a meeting on 14/07/2011 of around 200 Principals, Vice Chancellors and other Educationists on Identifying Measures for Improving Quality of Higher Education. The meeting was chaired by the His Excellency Shri Shekhar Dutt, Governor of Chhattisgarh.
Dr. H. P. Dikshit addressed a workshop under a satellite conference of ICM 2010 at New Delhi on 14/08/2010 on issues which also included applications to processes of Governance.
In August 2010, India for the first time organized the prestigeous International Congress of Mathematicians which is held once in four years. Besides international organizations, the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India sponsored the Congress. Dr. H.P.Dikshit was on the Organising Committee for the Congress and also chaired a session of the congress on 19/08/2010 at Hyderabad.
On behalf of the Government of Madhya Pradesh, Dr. H. P. Dikshit made a presentation on the Right to Service Act, 2010 of Government of Madhya Pradesh in a Conference of State Secretaries dealing with Administrative Reforms organised by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India on 24/09/2010 at New Delhi. The presentation was commended by the Secretary Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances. It also roused interests of other participants especially State Secretaries from Bihar and Himachal Pradesh, who were provided with further information and support for introduction of a similar Act in their states by the School.
Dr. H. P. Dikshit continued to serve as a Member of the Project Management Committee for conduction of Mid-Career Training Programmes of Government Officials at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie.
As a member of a Committee consiting of 5 experts constituted by the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister Dr. H. P. Dikshit contributed to development of a Policy and processes for identification and nurturing of gifted children in the country..
Dr. H. P. Dikshit addressed the Silver Jubilee Function of Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi on 01/10/2010.
Dr. H. P. Dikshit delivered Presidential Address at an International Design Workshop 2010 organized by the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur on 11/10/2010.
Shri Akhilesh Argal, Director (Governance) participated in two days "Regional Conference on Excellence in Public Service Delivery and Role of e-Governance" at Goa Institute of Rural Development & Administration, Goa.
Shri Akhilesh Argal, Director (Governance) participated in two days Training Workshop on "Climate Change and Forestry- Exploring New Financial
30
Instruments" from Jan 20-21,2011 at The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi.
Asia and Pacific Regional Annual Review Meeting for Information Communication and Technology for Development (ICTD) in International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD), Asia was held during November 01 -04, 2010 at Nanning, China. Dr. S. M. Haider Rizvi, delivered a lecture as an expert in a mini-workshop on Information Communication and Technology for Development (ICTD) for IFAD Staff during the foregoing meeting.
Dr. S. M. Haider Rizvi provided Expert inputs in Regional Consultative Meeting of Decentralisation Community of United Nations India Solution Exchange at Jabalpur on 11/11/2010.
Dr. S. M. Haider Rizvi, Director (Policy Analysis) has delivered a lecture as Panellist on Rural e-Services Delivery in 14th National e-Governance Conference 2011 organised by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel and Public Grievances, Government of India 10th February at Aurangabad, India.
_pk feJk] dk;ZØe leUo;d ¼lq'kklu½ }kjk **xjhch de djus ds fy, {kerk
laoZ/ku** ifj;kstuk varxZr Þ'kkyk izca/kuÞ fo"k; ij ekWM~;wy fodflr fd;k x;k
FkkA mUgsa e/;izns'k ds 10 ftyksa ds ekLVj VªsulZ fodflr djus ds fy, iz'kklu
vdkneh }kjk ekg ekpZ 2011 esa vf/kdkfj;ksa ds rhu fnolh; dk;ZØe ds fy,
izf'k{k.k fo'ks"kK ds :i esa vkeaf=r fd;k x;kA
&&00&&
31
v/;k; & lkr
Ldwy dh xofuZx ckWMh ,oa ,DthD;wfVo ckWMh
7-1 Ldwy dh xofuZaax ckWMh &
Ldwy dh xofuZax ckWMh fuEukuqlkj gS
1- ekuuh; eq[;ea=hth] e/;izns'k v/;{k
2- ekuuh; ea=hth] for lnL;
3- ekuuh; ea=hth] iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl lnL;
4- ekuuh; ea=hth] uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl lnL;
5- ekuuh; ea=hth] foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh lnL;
6- ekuuh; ea=hth] vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr dY;k.k lnL;
7- ekuuh; ea=hth] ;kstuk] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh; lnL;
8- eq[; lfpo] e/;izns'k 'kklu lnL;
9- egkfuns'kd] vkj-lh-Ogh-ih-iz'kklu ,oa izca/kdh;
vdkneh] Hkksiky
lnL;
10- izeq[k lfpo] lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx lnL;
11- izeq[k lfpo] foRr foHkkx lnL;
12 lapkyd] Hkkjrh; izca/k laLFkku] bankSj lnL;
13 jkT; 'kklu }kjk ukekafdr iz'kklu ,oa izca/ku {ks= ls
tqM+s vf/kdre ik¡p lnL;
lnL;
14 egkfuns'kd] lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy lnL; lfpo
ljy dzekad 13 ds izko/kku ds vuqdze esa e/;izns'k 'kklu] lkekU; iz'kklu
foHkkx ds vkns'k Øekad ,Q 11&8@2007@1@9 fnukad 22 vizSy 2008 }kjk
fuEukafdr ikWp lnL;ksa dks vkns'k fnukad ls v'kkldh; lnL; ds :i esa xofuZax ckWMh
gsrq ukekafdr fd;k gS&
1- MkW- lkseiky 'kkL=h] mik/;{k ;kstuk vk;ksx] e/;izns'k
2- MkW- cdqy <ksydh;k] iwoZ funs'kd] vkbZvkbZ,e vgenkckn
3- MkW- ,e jk;] egkfuns'kd] bf.M;u dkmfUly QkWj ,fxzdYpj fjlpZ] Hkkjr
ljdkj
32
4- MkW- ch-,l- ckloku] funs'kd] vkbZvkbZih,] ubZ fnYyh
5- MkW- jktho djfnudj] mik/;{k dSUl lkQ~Vos;j csaxyksj
ukekafdr lnL;ksa dk dk;Zdky izkjaHk esa nks o"kZ dk jgsxk ftls jkT; 'kklu }kjk
c<k;k Hkh tk ldrk gSA
7-2 Ldwy dh ,fDtD;wfVo ckWMh &
Ldwy dh ,fDtD;wfVo ckWMh fuEukuqlkj gS
dz- lnL; uke@in /kkfjr in
1- eq[; lfpo] e/;izns'k 'kklu v/;{k
2- izeq[k lfpo] lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx lnL;
3- izeq[k lfpo] foRr foHkkx lnL;
4- izeq[k lfpo] iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx lnL;
5- izeq[k lfpo] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx lnL;
6- izeq[k lfpo] okf.kT;] m|ksx ,oa jkstxkj foHkkx lnL;
7- izeq[k lfpo@lfpo] ;kstuk] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaaf[;dh foHkkx lnL;
8- 'kklu }kjk ukekafdr vf/kdre ikap v'kkldh; lnL; lnL;
9 egkfuns'kd] lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy lnL; lfpo
ljy dzekad 8 ds izko/kku ds vuqdze esa e/;izns'k 'kklu] lkekU; iz'kklu
foHkkx ds vkns'k Øekad ,Q 11&8@2007@1@9 fnukad 22 vizSy 2008 }kjk
fuEukafdr ikWp lnL;ksa dks vkns'k fnukad ls v'kkldh; lnL; ds :i esa ,DthD;wfVo
ckWMh gsrq ukekafdr fd;k gS&
1- MkW- Mh-ds- cU/kksik/;k;] funs'kd] vkbZvkbZ,Q,e Hkksiky
2- MkW- osn izdk'k] okbl pkUlyj] us'kuy ;wfuoflZVh QkWj ,T;wds'kuy Iykfuax
,.M ,MfefuLVªs'ku] ubZ fnYyh
3- izks- ,l-lh- xxZ] iwoZ izks&okbl pkUlyj] bXuw
4- MkW- Mh-,e- isLVksuth] iwoZ izksQslj] vkbZvkbZ,e] vgenkckn
5- izks- deZs"kq] izksQslj fMikVZesUV vkWQ flLVe lkbUl] ts,u;w] ubZ fnYyh
ukekafdr lnL;ksa dk dk;Zdky izkjaHk esa nks o"kZ dk jgsxk ftls jkT; 'kklu }kjk
c<k;k Hkh tk ldrk gSA
&&00&&
33
v/;k; & vkB
ifjf'k"V
8-1 MPRLP dk v/;;u lkjka'k (Executive Summary)&
1. Introduction-The study is aimed to „Assess the Improvements in Quality of
Life of MPRLP Beneficiaries in tribal districts of Madhya Pradesh‟. An ex-post facto research design has been used for the study, as the interventions were either already made or are ongoing. The data on the impacts have been collected using qualitative and quantitative techniques. A sample of 1440 respondents i.e. 1080 beneficiary households from 54 project villages and 360 respondents from 18 control villages across nine districts under the MPRLP interventions was included in the study.
2. Reach and Coverage of the Project The study to assess the impacts of MPRLP in the lives of people has
been revealing in many respects. There were areas which were part of the
research design and where deliberate efforts were made to gauge the impacts
but there were certain areas which have emerged in the process. One of the
commendable aspects of the project emerged was the reach of the project. The
efforts made by the project to reach to last mile have been meaningful. The
beneficiaries were not only found aware about the project but they also relate
with project functionaries at various levels especially those who were
deployed at the grassroots - the Ajeevika Mitras/Sakhis.
The composition of the project beneficiaries was found very equitable.
As per the socio-economic realities of the areas the tribal populations covered
in the beneficiaries were about 81%. Further the coverage of people at the
lower strata of the society in the intervened districts was covered very
justifiably. The well-being ranking introduced by the project further boosted
the chances of the getting the poor and marginalized included in the social
security net created by the project.
3. Gram Sabha Strengthening The findings of the study fully supported the basic assumptions made
by the project .i.e. considering the Gram Sabhas (GSs hence after) as the basic
unit of ensuring participatory democracy and bringing positive development
changes in the lives of the people. The findings revealed that the project could
strengthen not only the GS as an institution of governance but also made
efforts to run the processes of the governance for promotions of livelihoods.
The holistic approach adopted by the project for strengthening the GSs
was highly appreciative. The agreement of people on the efforts made by the
34
project and its functionaries on the initiatives taken and their impacts in the
lives of people was very evident and supported by data. Making information
available locally and getting those translated in action for the economic
returns might be considered as one of the biggest take of the project.
The study revealed that the Gram Sabhas in MPRLP intervened
villages have been strengthened considerably. The functioning of Gram
Sabhas in project villages were found better on the parameters of frequency of
meetings, participations in meetings, conduction of meetings, transparency of
accounts, initiation and execution of development works, accountability of
Gram Sabha functionaries etc. than control villages Gram Sabhas. Also, the
participation of the disadvantaged groups like women and BPL groups were
found considerably high in project villages. The difference in level of
strengthening could be dedicated to MPRLP as the villages and respondents
were more or less similar on almost all variables. This finding was
supplemented by the data generated through PRA exercises with the
community.
One of the noticeable findings of the study was that in MPRLP
intervened villages the attendance of the disadvantaged groups like women
and marginalized families has significantly enhanced in the Gram Sabhas
over a period of time. Gram Sabha has made significant efforts to extend
benefits to the people by way of providing information on the government
schemes, seeking benefits from the schemes leading to subsequent increase in
income.
There was an absolute agreement among the beneficiaries on Gram
Sabha raising and deliberating various aspects of the livelihood promotion
issues. The participation in the GS meeting was found useful by the people
and they agreed that the participation helped them in getting benefits
especially taking benefits of the governmental schemes.
The responses from some of the villages were not very encouraging
and give rise to some of the speculations that when the similar set of
interventions, people and approaches are applied across various districts in
project villages then why it is not able to pay equal dividends. What are those
„things‟ which are missing in these districts and why these districts kept on
lagging behind?
In project villages the role of Gram Sabha in the dissemination of
information about the Right to Information Act did not emerge very
prominent. Role of Gram Sabha in project villages in providing livelihood
support to the poor and facilitating the benefits of government programmes
to the people emerged quite emphatically in the study. It was also noticed
35
that the role of the Gram Sabha towards the designing and monitoring of the
developmental plans has been strengthened in the project villages.
The scenario in the project villages was found somewhat similar to that
in control villages towards the role played by the gram Sabha in the
eradication of the social evils.
4. Empowering the Poor The findings revealed that in the project villages of phase I as well as
phase II the GSs could be strengthened to a great extent and have been
instrumental in setting-up most of the mechanisms for empowerment of
people, promotions of livelihoods opportunities and provisions for monetary
support for the beneficiaries. The MPRLP beneficiaries found agreed on the
effectiveness of GSs and opined heavily in favour of GS initiatives.
In the opinion of the beneficiaries of the project villages, in most of the
cases decisions at the level of Gram Sabha have been taken mostly in a
participatory manner across phase I and phase II villages. In project villages
about 55% beneficiaries said that their participations were ensured in decision
making processes but in control villages only 30% agreed on it.
5. Enhancements in Income as a Result of Participation in MPRLP/Government Programmes The study revealed that due to MPRLP interventions there has been
enhancement in the income of the beneficiaries across the project villages. It
was found absent when explored in control villages in relation to other
governmental programmes. The findings suggested that MPRLP played vital
role in the development of the agriculture and allied activities of horticulture,
water conservation etc. People in the project villages are utilizing the
enhanced income for the purpose of savings, returning loans and for
household works.
In control villages other government programmes were not able to
impact much in terms of enhancement of the income of respondents when
compared with project villages. The annual enhancement reported by project
beneficiaries in phase I was Rs 4025 and in phase II it was Rs 4972 whereas in
control villages it was only Rs 747.
The uses of the enhanced income were spent mainly in household
related expenses as reported by 79% in project villages and 81% in control
villages. 22% beneficiaries in phase I and 33% in phase II and only 4%
respondents in control villages mentioned that they utilised the income in
business activities, as well. But in project villages the enhanced income was
spent not only in expenditures rather it also contributed in savings of the
family by the households because about 38% beneficiaries in project villages
as compared to only 10% in control villages agreed on it.
36
6. Access of Service
The study revealed that MPRLP has enabled its beneficiaries with a
holistic approach and had tried to make inputs available in various areas
leading to the ameliorations in the livelihoods. The enhancements in the
agricultural resources and increase in the agriculture productions in villages
across nine project districts were supportive of this finding.
Study revealed very emphatically the rise in agricultural services in
project villages. On an average it was observed that about 50% beneficiaries
admitted that they have given agriculture inputs and facilities against only
5% in control villages have access to the agricultural services and facilities
provided by government agencies. In control villages the activities related to
agriculture services largely confined to government programmes were not
able to enhance the access to the services, much. As a result of the
interventions in the agricultural support system, most of the beneficiaries
responded towards enhancement in the agriculture yield.
On water conservation front, the project was not doing something
different than what was on in the control villages. Though most of the
beneficiaries responded favorably to the existence of any scheme of water
conservations with the help of MPRLP yet in control villages more number of
people reported about the efforts made by government in this area. Under
types of water conservation schemes wells and stop dams has emerged
prominently at many places both in project and control villages.
The efforts made in establishment of the micro enterprises were not at
par with the other interventions made under the project. This might be
because of the limited financial resources available with the project. However
wherever it has been established, the income level of the beneficiaries has
been increased. The study revealed that in project villages there was an
increase in income of the beneficiaries who are associated with the micro
enterprise. However the project was not able to cover large number of
beneficiaries under this activity.
The study revealed that the project has helped people in a holistic
manner and due to the project interventions the people in the area are now
getting more opportunities to earn their livelihood in the field of livestock
development. People admitted that due to the interventions of MPRLP more
number of animals is now being immunized as compared to pre-project
period, which resulted in decrease in the expenditure on treatments of the
animals and ultimately have reduced the feed and management of the animal.
In the view of the beneficiaries of the project villages, MPRLP did little
towards enhancing access of the government supported Crop and Health
37
insurance to the villagers. In most of the districts more than 90 percent
respondent expressed their views negatively.
7. Loan Patterns The study reveals that the people in the project villages take loans but
the frequency and sources of taking have seen positive changes due to
MPRLP interventions. People admitted that the frequencies got reduced and
the exploitations in borrowing the loans have been lessened.
The major reason for taking loans in project villages were for
marriages/social commitments, scarcity of food materials and agriculture
purposes. The same trend was observed in control villages too but the sources
of taking loans were found different. In project villages, money lenders and
Gram Sabhas were reported as the major sources for taking loans where as in
control villages it is mainly money lender.
The livelihood opportunities created by MPRLP and the facilitations in
the formations of SHGs have helped them tremendously. The beneficiaries
agreed that MPRLP has been able to generate livelihood opportunities at the
village level which resulted in the enhancement of income of the families and
reduced the frequency of taking loans. The study revealed that majority of
beneficiaries in project villages take loan once in a year and in control villages
it is twice a year.
The study explored that the major sources of taking loans among
others were GS and SHGs in project villages. It shows that due to the
interventions of MPRLP the Gram Sabha has been empowered enough to
work as micro-finance institution to some extent, unlike the control villages
where still people are dependent on money lenders for taking loans and that
too on higher interest rates.
The study revealed that the beneficiaries in project villages return their
loans within the time limit as compared control villages. It showed that due to
MPRLP interventions beneficiaries have more livelihood options in project
villages as the economic standard of the beneficiaries has increased which
resulted in timely return of loans and also in doing some saving.
8. Community Based Organisations (CBOs) – Participation and Benefits Project has been able to develop a culture of group activities and
facilitated the involvement of people in the activities of Community Based
Organizations (CBOs) and meets their expectations. Systematic processes
were found in place to motivate the people through Livelihoods Promoters
and Project Facilitation Teams. The efforts made by the project officials have
culminated in enhanced level of satisfaction in comparison to the control
villages.
38
The control villages did not have any systemic processes to bring about
people‟s motivation as most of the villagers are motivated by their fellow
villagers. Government officials did not seem to play any meaningful role in
this regard and people were found least motivated to associate with
government scheme.
9. Migration Migratory pattern in search of livelihoods opportunities was more or
less similar across the project as well as control villages. The efforts towards
capacity building of the people who are migrating in search of jobs are
minimal.
There have been contradictory views expressed by the respondents on
migration. In qualitative exercises it emerged that after the advent of the
project there was a significant reduction in migration and reasons for
migrations were not mainly because of non-availability of livelihoods
opportunities rather majority of the migration was in want of getting better
money and the urban living and entertainments.
10. Training under MPRLP/ Government Schemes
The study revealed that in project villages there was very few training
programmes had been organized under MPRLP interventions. But it was
found better than the control villages where such training programmes were
nearly absent.
11. Facilitation in Traditional enterprises by MPRLP
There are little instances of the MPRLP interventions towards
facilitation in the development of the traditional enterprises, except in one or
two districts under project interventions. In the project villages, traditional
enterprises activities were visible at a small scale, whereas in control villages
it is nearly absent
12. Awareness about Micro Plan and It’s Implementations In the project villages the concept of micro plan has been clear to most
of the households under MPRLP interventions. They knew that the micro
plan is key through which the overall development of the villages can take
place which will ultimately result in the enhancement and improvement of
the livelihood opportunities of the villagers. Livelihood promoters and PFT
members had actively contributed in the preparation of the Micro Plan.
13. Benefit of the Government Schemes Facilitated By the Project The project activities enabled the beneficiaries to take the benefits of
governmental scheme. It could have been possible because of the sensitization
measures taken by Gram Sabhas and Livelihoods promoters in project
intervened villages and the inbuilt provision of convergence in the scheme.
39
The beneficiaries of the scheme were able to get the benefit of MNREGA with
the help of MPRLP.
People were found benefitted by Governmental Schemes such as L.L.Y,
Nirashrit Pension, Swajal Dhara Scheme and NREGS with facilitation from
MPRLP.
14. Gender Equity and Women Empowerment
The study explored that wide ranging reforms has been carried out
under the project. The selection of females as beneficiaries under the scheme
is a part of such initiative. It is seen that large numbers of women were
associated with the project in different forms such as project beneficiaries,
livelihood promoters, PFTs, member of SHG‟s etc. Further with the project
interventions, participation of the women in Gram Sabha meetings has been
enhanced. Being associated with the project, their say in the household
decisions has also been enhanced.
Women participation in project activities has also helped in reducing
social evils particularly domestic violence. It has also resulted in increased
instances of women raising their concerns and taking parts in the decision-
making processes in the family.
The other noticeable contribution done by the project in the women‟s
sphere of life was related to the initiations and promotions of Gobar Gas Plants
and Smokeless Chulhas in the project villages. Sizeable number of plants could
be seen in the project villages during the field visits and was also reported by
the beneficiaries in the PRA exercises. As a result of these initiatives the
women who otherwise were directly affected (physically, physiologically and
mentally) were found more comfortable.
The other examples of women empowerment could be seen of them
being involved in income generating either individually at the family level or
in group. The vegetable cultivations, beads making and poultry were some
the initiatives where quite good number of women in project villages were
involved and as a result there was betterments in their socio-economic
realities.
15. Environmental Impacts – the Use of Non-Conventional Energy
It has been seen that MPRLP converged with government departments
towards enhancing the access of the energy to the needy people. In this
regards the promotions of bio-gas plants (Gobar Gas) and smokeless stoves
have been started. For the construction and maintenance of the bio-gas
equipments person at the local level had been trained, which enhances the
long term viability of such reforms. In these initiatives the project has
achieved not only the goals of environment protection but also provided fuel
40
to the local families by the using cattle dung, reduced the cutting of jungles,
protected the forests and safeguarded the well-beings of the women.
16. Emergency Fund
There were instances of existence of the “Emergency funds” in some of
the districts under the project. This fund is used to support the sudden and
emergent requirements of the villagers locally without hassles. It is an
innovative concept of facilitating the local people with the monetary support
thus minimizing their dependency on money lenders.
17. Salient Impact Areas
The finding suggested that besides the role of MPRLP as a project the
other factors such as the terrain, people and their socio cultural realities, the
capacities of MPRLP functionaries the approaches and allocation of resources
might have played pertinent roles.
The study revealed the practicality of the approaches adopted by the
project. It seems that the functionaries did not suffice only on providing
information rather they facilitated in „use of information‟ and securing
benefits from that information. The finding on the role of motivators and
benefits from attending GS meeting has confirmed these notions.
The poor performance on various parameters in Sheopur has reasons
to explore the factors which might have contributed to the debacle e.g. the
familiarity/ awareness with LP (Ajeevika Mitra/ Sakhi) with LP in Sheopur
was reported by 7% beneficiaries only. The programme and functionaries
being intact and of uniform nature, the Sheopur saga is beyond plan
expectations.
One of the important trends which could be seen from the findings of
the study is that the roles of the project in various walks of the life have been
appreciated by the beneficiaries. There were hardly any occasion when the
positive impacts of the programmatic interventions under MPRLP were
denied in totality. There has been difference of impacts within districts but
those might not be evidences to negate the impacts as such.
41
8-2 o"kZ 2010&11 esa baVZl }kjk fd;s x;s v/;;u dh lwph &
S.N. Name of Intern Name of the Institute
Name of the Department to which Intern is
attached
Topic Assigned
1 Mr. Nishant Kumar XIM-Bhubaneswar Urban Administration and Development
Impact Assessment of centrally sponsored scheme-JNNURM
2 Mr. Soumyasankha Maiti
XIM- Bhubaneswar Urban Administration and Development
Identification of Implementation Hindrances and recommendation of mitigation measures in Project UDAY, Bhopal.
3 Mr. Bibekananda Panda
XIM- Bhubaneswar Commerce, Industries and Employment
Study of Job Fairs organized by the Department of Industries and Commerce, Madhya Pradesh
4 Mr. Ravindra Kr. Jena
XIM- Bhubaneswar Commerce, Industries and Employment
Career Counseling Scheme in Madhya Pradesh -A study of three districts.
5 Mr. K.V.Gopa Kumar IIT-Kanpur Narmada Valley Development Authority
Study for Expeditious
Processing of
Environment
Clearances for Projects
of Narmada Valley
Development Authority
(NVDA)
6 Mr. Chetak Chauhan IIT-Kanpur Water Resources Process Mapping of the Court Cases as a pre requisite for an Online IT System
7 Ms. Ruchira Vats XIB-Bhuvneshwar water Resources The restructuring and rightsizing of E & M unit of water resource department, Madhya Pradesh.
8 Mr. Arijit Basu IIT-Kanpur Water Resources Process of recovery of water cess under irrigation projects of Madhya Pradesh Water Resource department
42
9 Mr. Samrat Gupta IIFM- Bhopal Women and Child Development
To study the implementation of Sajha Chulha as supplementary food scheme
10 Mr. Saurabh Gupta IIT- Delhi Women and Child Development
Study of Department MIS, Department of Women and Child Development, Madhya Pradesh.
11 Mr. Dhiraj Kumar IIT-Kanpur Rajeev Gandhi Watershed Mission (Panchayat and Rural Development)
Application of GIS in Watershed Management Projects
12 Ms Bhawana Gautam
BHU Panchayat and Rural Development
Social Audit and Good Governance in MGNREGA
13 Mr. Rajeev Ranjan IIT-Kanpur Rajeev Gandhi Watershed Mission (Panchayat and Rural Development)
Project Report for design and efficiency of water harvesting structures & suggested measures for optimum utilization & its sustainability
14 Ms. Jyotsana Singh IIFM- Bhopal DPIP (Panchayat and Rural Development)
Market Need Assessment and Supply Chain Analysis in connection with the producer organization engaged in Soybean and Wheat seed Production.
15 Ms. Navneet Thind IIFM- Bhopal DPIP (Panchayat and Rural Development)
Study on potential of Micro financing to the SHGs/VDCs through development of community finance organization (CFOs) in selected districts of MPDPIP
16 Govind kumar Rai IRMA- Anand Panchayat and Rural Development
Assessment of the Effectiveness and Impact of Dug well Sub Scheme under MGNREGS in Hydrologically Problematic Blocks of Madhya Pradesh
43
17 Karan Preet Singh IRMA- Anand Panchayat and Rural Development
Evaluation and Impact of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana in generating sustainable livelihoods in Madhya Pradesh
18 Althaf S. IIT-Madras MPRRDA (Panchayat and Rural Development)
Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) in Madhya Pradesh
19 Shely Yadav IIT-Kanpur MPRRDA (Panchayat and Rural Development)
IT application & programming for development of maintenance, Management software & its applications
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