Linked open data and libraries

Linked Open Data and Libraries

IST Friday Morning Seminar uWaterloo, Dec. 13, 2013

Alison Hitchens Cataloguing & Metadata Librarian

Agenda

• Explanation of linked (open) data

• Possibilities for linked open data and libraries, with example projects

• Current state of linked open data in libraries and archives

2 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013

LINKED (OPEN) DATA

Defining Linked Data

• describes a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful. It builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP, RDF and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers.” (emphasis added)

From Wikipedia linked data page

The Web of Documents

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Atwood 5 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013

Documents linked to Documents

<p><b>Margaret Eleanor Atwood</b> ... (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, and environmental activist. She is a winner of the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Arthur C. Clarke Award</a> and Prince of Asturias Award for Literature, has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize... Many of her poems have been inspired by myths and fairy tales, which have been interests of hers from an early age</p>

The Web of Things & Structured Data

http://dbpedia.org/page/Margaret_Atwood

Statements about things

Margaret Atwood is a person

Margaret Atwood was born in Ottawa

Margaret Atwood writes speculative fiction

Margaret Atwood influenced Barbara Kingsolver

Margaret Atwood has homepage http://www.margaretatwood.ca/

Resource Description Framework (RDF) Triples

Subject Object Predicate

Is a (has type)

Margaret Atwood

Person

Was born in Margaret Atwood

Ottawa

From Tables to Graphs

Subject Is a

Margaret Atwood

Person Was born in

Ottawa

1939-11-18

Was born

Record ID CP001

Name Margaret Atwood

Type Person

Place of Birth Ottawa

Date of Birth 1939-11-18

Homepage http://www.margaretatwood.ca/

http://www.margaretatwood.ca/

Has homepage

Joining Graphs

Subject

Capitol of

Margaret Atwood

Person Was born in

Ottawa

1939-11-18

Was born

Ottawa

Canada

883,391

Bruce Cockburn

Has population

Birthplace of

Use URIs

Subject

http://dbpedia.org/page/Margaret_Atwood

http://dbpedia.org/ontology/birthPlace

http://dbpedia.org/page/Ottawa

1939-11-18

http://dbpedia.org/ontology/birthDate

sameAs: Join Different Datasets

Ottawa in dbPedia = http://dbpedia.org/page/Ottawa

Ottawa in Freebase: http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.05ksh

Ottawa in Geonames: http://sws.geonames.org/6094817/

owl:sameAs

Serialization of RDF – XML, Turtle, etc.

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"

xmlns:nyt="http://data.nytimes.com/elements/” xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://data.nytimes.com/N10507958644473712303"> <nyt:associated_article_count rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int">11</nyt:associated_article_count>

<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Atwood, Margaret</skos:prefLabel>

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept"/> ...

<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Margaret_Atwood"/>

<nyt:topicPage rdf:resource="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/margaret_atwood/index.html"/>

From New York Times linked data page for Margaret Atwood (abridged): http://data.nytimes.com/N10507958644473712303 ; http://data.nytimes.com/N10507958644473712303.rdf 14 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013

On Ontologies

From FOAF Vocabulary Specification 0.98 http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/ 15 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013

Using Linked Data

• Create applications to mash-up data from multiple sources

• Make use of embedded data in html

• Use SPARQL query language for RDF

Image of Google Knowledge Graph results for Margaret Atwood 16 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013

LINKED OPEN DATA AND LIBRARIES

Sharing Library Data

• Libraries have trustworthy data

• Libraries have many vocabularies and classifications

• Libraries have unique collections

• Libraries have holdings data

Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/98029748/ Dbpedia: http://dbpedia.org/page/Nelson_Mandela 19 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013

Library of Congress Vocabularies (http://id.loc.gov/)

Libraries have unique collections

Source: Pan-Canadian Documentary Heritage Network Linked Open Data Visualizaton “Proof-of-Concept” Out of the trenches: linked open data of the first world war: final report. Image from p. 11 http://www.canadiana.ca/sites/pub.canadiana.ca/files/PCDHN%20Proof-of-concept_Final-Report-ENG_0.pdf

OCLC WorldCat Records as LOD

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10277993; can add .rdf, .ttl etc. E.g. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10277993.ttl 22 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013

Libraries have holdings data

Available at libraries near you: Waterloo Public Library Kitchener Public Library University of Waterloo

Libraries can consume data

• Provide contextual information in our catalogues

• Help users make connections

• Lead users to external information sources

• Connect across silos

Augment our catalogues

Austrian Library Network’s instance of Primo http://search.obvsg.at/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?menuitem=0&fromTop=true&fromPreferences=false&fromEshelf=false&vid=ACC

Linked Jazz

http://linkedjazz.org/network/; video about Linked Jazz http://vimeo.com/68308675 26 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013

CURRENT STATE OF LOD IN LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES

Where are we now?

• Releasing data

• Developing new data frameworks (BIBFRAME) and conversion tools (XC)

• Developing use cases

• Prototypes and proofs of concept

• A lot of learning!

The 5 Stars of LOD

http://inkdroid.org/journal/2010/06/04/the-5-stars-of-open-linked-data/ Tim Berners-Lee quoted by Ed Summers

Resources

Tim Berners-Lee (2009) Design Issues. Linked Data http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

Tim Berners-Lee (2009) The next web. A TED talk, February 2009. access at http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html (open access)

Karen Coyle (2012). “Is linked data the answer?” Coyle’s Information Thurs. Oct. 18, 2012. http://kcoyle.blogspot.ca/2012/10/is-linked-data-answer.html (open access)

Karen Coyle. Understanding the semantic web: bibliographic data and metadata. Chicago: American Library Association, 2010 (Library Technology reports ; v. 46, no. 1) access at http://www.metapress.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/content/g212v1783607/ (uWaterloo has subscription)

Resources

Corey Harper (2013). Linked Data: a Library, Archive & Museum Perspective: LLD, LOD-LAM and Linking Scholarship. Presented at Linked Ancient World Data Institute, May 31, 2013. http://www.slideshare.net/charper/charperlawdi20130531 (open access)

Corey Harper (2011). Library linked data: tuning library metadata for the semantic web. An ALCTS webcast, March 16. 2011. access at http://www.ala.org/alcts/confevents/upcoming/webinar/cat/031611 (open access)

Tom Heath and Christian Bizer (2011) Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space (1st edition). Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology, 1:1, 1-136. Morgan & Claypool. http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/ (open access)

Lukas Koster (2013). “The Poor Person’s Linked Open Data Workbench: Using Discovery Tools for Presenting Integrated Information” in Commonplace.net Nov. 11, 2013 http://commonplace.net/2013/11/the-poor-persons-linked-open-data-workbench/ (open access)

Resources

Linked Data: Connect Distributed Data Across the Web http://linkeddata.org/ (open access) (includes the LOD Cloud diagram)

LinkedDataTools.com (2009) Introducing Linked Data and the Semantic Web http://www.linkeddatatools.com/semantic-web-basics (open access)

OCLC (2013). Linked Data at OCLC http://www.oclc.org/data.en.html (open access)

David Rogers (2013) Introducing the BBC’s Linked Data Platform and APIs. Recorded at Qcon London, April 29, 2013. http://www.infoq.com/presentations/bbc-data-platform-api (open access)

Richard Wallis (2013). Linked Data Progress with OCLC and Others. At OCLC Linked Data Round Table, IFLA Conference, Aug. 19, 2013, Singapore. http://www.slideshare.net/rjw/linked-data-progress-ifla-2013 (open access)

Linked open data and libraries

Education

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