Post on 07-Apr-2018
8/3/2019 Limiting Factors-Demographic Patterns
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Ecology
Ms. Gizel B. Rivera
Open University SystemManila Center
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Limiting
Factors
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Limiting Factors
any biotic and
abiotic factor that
restricts theexistence, numbers,
reproduction, or
distribution of organisms
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Tolerance of organisms
The ability of
organisms to
withstand avariety of
environmental
conditions
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Physical Factors inthe Environment
Soil
Temperature Water
Atmosphere
Light
Topography
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Productivity
refers to the
rate of
generation of biomass in an
ecosystem
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Primary Production
the synthesis of
new organic
material frominorganic molecules
(autotrophs)
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Secondary Production
the generation
of biomass of
heterotrophic(consumer)
organisms in a
system
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Community Ecology
studies thedistribution,
abundance,
demography, andinteractions between
coexisting
populations
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BIOMES
group of
ecosystems withthe same climax
communities
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Desert
characterized by
lack of moisture and
only a few living
organisms can
survive.
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Tundra
found in arctic
regions, trees do
not grow, cold,
lack of water, and
limited sunlight
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Coniferous forest
abundant in conifers
(cone-bearing trees),
very long and coldwinter lasting to about
half a year, and soil is
not fertile.
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Tropical rain forest
found in warm, wet
areas near equator
rich in species of plants and animals
most diverse biome
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Grassland
occur in all
continents
plains or prairies
drier than a forest
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Lake
a large body
of watersurrounded by
land
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Estuary the wide lower
course of a river
where the tide
flows in, causing
fresh and salt
water to merge
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Lagoon
a coastal body of
shallow water formedwhere low-lying rock,
sand, or coral presents
a partial barrier to the
open sea
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Major Communities (Biomes)
River
a natural stream of
water that flows
through land and
empties into a body of
water such as an ocean
or lake
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Major Communities (Biomes)
Ocean
a large
expanse of
salt water
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Population Ecology
a collection of elements capable
of increasing,
decreasing, or
remaining more or
less, stable.
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Population Ecology
Examples:
Human population
Animal population
Herbivorous
population
(trees, palms, and the like)
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Characteristics of Biological Population
1. In some animals, theyoung are similar to the
adults except in size.
They consume the same
kind of food and areequally affected by their
immediate habitat.
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Characteristics of Biological Population
2. In other kinds, theyoung are extremely
different in appearance
from adults. They
consume different kindsof food. They have no
direct influence on each
other for survival.
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Characteristics of Biological Population
3. Differentspecies vary in
their lifespans.
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Characteristics of Biological Population
4. Agedistribution
varies fromone species to
another.
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Characteristics of Biological Population
5. There isgenetic
variation inmost species.
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Environmental Resistance
refers to thebiotic or abiotic
factors that
oppose the
positive influence
on growth
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Environmental Resistance
predators
competitors
parasites
diseases
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Environmental Resistance
lack of food
unsuitable habitat
lack of water
unfavorable weather
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Carrying Capacity
the number of
one species that
an environmentcan support
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Human Demographic Patterns
the study of humanpopulations, including
their size, growth,
density, and distribution,
and statistics regarding
birth, marriage, disease,
and death
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The Philippine Population
rapid urbanization
very young population,
with relatively few people
of productive age
very high fecundity of
the population
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Factors Affecting Population Growth
natural environment
climate
religion
culture
migration
level of education
natural calamities
war
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Effects of Overpopulation
reduction of the quality
of life
overexploitation of
natural resources
air, water, and land
pollution
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Natality (Birthrate)
averagenumber of live
births per year
per 1000
inhabitants in a
certain place
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Mortality (Death rate)
Averagenumber of deaths
per year per 1000
population in a
certain place
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THANK YOU AND
GODBLESS YOU
ABUNDANTLY.
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Quiz
1. Explain further the meaning of
economic and social development as a
cause of rapid population growth.
2. Give the significance of the physical
factors to living and other nonliving
things.