Post on 17-Jan-2015
description
Life by the water
Examining our water
This experience is a first approach to the laboratory work
•Water is an essential resource for living systems, industrial processes, agricultural production and domestic use.
Lab activity
•Each country has taken samples of water and analyzed them a number of parameters using several easy methods.
• The principal factors that are taken into consideration when determining water quality are:
• Temperature• pH• Density• trace elements
such as chloride ion Cl- , calcium ion Ca2+
• turbidity
Our water• Bulgaria:
• Lake Mandra: Lake Mandrensko or Lake Mandra is the southernmost of the Burgas Lakes, located in the immediate proximity of the Black Sea and close to Burgas.
• Aheloy river: The Aheloy River or Achelous is a river in eastern Bulgaria. It originates in the Aytos-Karnobat mountain, 1.5 kilometres from Dryankovets, and flows directly into the Black Sea south of the village of Aheloy.
•Slaveeva river
•Black sea
• Germany:• Düssel river: River that flows through The
Neandertal valley. This small valley belongs to the area of the towns Erkrath and Mettmann
• Romania:• Coastal Tasaul Lake (area 23.35 km2, max.
depth 3.75 m) near Constanta on the Romanian Black Sea is an important ecosystem changed by a complex man-made canal system from saline into freshwater and threatened by various polluters (eutrophication) and fishing over-exploitation.
• Siutghiol lake :Siutghiol is a lagoon (a body of shallow sea water or brackish water separated from the sea by some form of barrier) in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It extends over 20 km² and has a maximum depth of 18 m.
• In winter, up to 90% of its surface may be covered by ice. The name of the lake comes from the Turkish Sütgöl, meaning "the milk lake".
•Lake Tabacarie•Black sea•White Gate Canal Midia Navodari
• Spain:• Guadalquivir River: The Guadalquivir
is the fifth longest river in the Iberian peninsula and the second widest.
• It borders Doñana National Park reserve.The Guadalquivir river is the only great navigable river in Spain. Currently it is navigable to Seville, but in Roman times it was navigable to Córdoba.
• Turkey:• Kizilirmak river :
–Turkish: Kızılırmak, "Red River"), also known as the Halys River (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς), is the longest river in Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation.
• Yesilirmak river: –Turkish: Yeşilırmak 'Green River';
classical Greek: Ίρις, Iris) is a river in northern Turkey. From its source north-east of Sivas, it flows past Tokat and Amasya, and reaches the Black Sea at Samsun after 418 km (260 miles).
• Black sea:
– An inland sea bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean Sea region of the Mediterranean.
• These waters separate eastern Europe and western Asia. The Black Sea also connects to the Sea of Azov by the Strait of Kerch
•Spring water
•We are going to compare the data obtained. Further research could be done with these data but it would require much longer.
Black sea• Studying:
TemperaturepHDensity
Temperature
Bulgaria Rumania Turkey
TºC 12 16 15
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
TºC
TºC
• Temperature influences the amount of dissolved oxygen in water which in turn influences the survival of aquatic organisms (raising the temperature of a freshwater stream from 20 to 30oC will decrease the dissolved oxygen )
pH• In chemistry , pH is a measure of the
acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at 25 ºC. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.
The acceptable pH range for most fish species is 6.8-8.5
pH
7,4 7,6 7,8 8 8,2 8,4
Turkey
Romania
Bulgary
Black sea
pH
Density
• The density of water is approximately one thousand kilogram per cubic meter.More precisely, it is dependent on its temperature but the relation is not linear
Temp (°C) Density (kg/m3)
+100 958.4
+80 971.8
+60 983.2
+40 992.2
+30 995.6502
+25 997.0479
+22 997.7735
+20 998.2071
Density
Bulgaria Rumania Turkey990
995
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
Density (S.I)
Density (S.I)
Black sea
• Presence of:–Organic matter -Mud–Oil -Weed–Lather -Odour–Dead fish -Gas oil
Sample Organic matter
Muddy
Oil Weed
Lather Urban rubbish
Odour
Dead fishes
Gas oil
Black seaBulgaria no yes no ye
sno no no no n
oRomania yes no no ye
syes no ye
sno n
oTurkey yes yes no ye
sno no no no n
o
Why are these ions studied?
• Pb2+ Lead is known to be
toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in human beings
• Ca2+
Hard water has high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. It isn’t unhealthy
• Cu 2+small amounts are required for health, but excess copper can generate free radicals and cause inflammation or toxicity
• Cl - • Ion presents in sea water. It’s one of
the components of Halite or cooking salt NaCl
• Many aquatic organisms can only survive in a narrow range of salt concentrations since salt controls their osmotic pressure
• HCO3-
• This factor is a characteristic of the source of water and the natural processes taking place at any given time.
• Presence of ions:–Pb2+ NO–Cl- YES–HCO3
- NO/Low
–Cu 2+ NO–Ca2+ YES
Rivers
• Aheloy river (Bulgaria)• Slaveeva river (Bulgaria) • Düssel river (Germany)• Guadalquivir river (Spain)• Kizilirmak river (Turkey)• Yesilirmak river (Turkey)
Aheloy river (Bulgaria)
Slaveeva river (Bulgaria)
Düssel river (Germany)
Guadalquivir river (Spain)
Kizilirmak river (Turkey)
Yesilirmak river (Turkey)
Our rivers
• Studying:
TemperaturepHDensity
Temperature
Aheloy Slaveeva Guadalquivir Kizilirmak Yesilirmak
TºC 16 18 25 17 16
2.5
7.5
12.5
17.5
22.5
TºC
TºC
pH
Aheloy
Slaveeva
Guadalquivir
Kizilirmak
Yesilirmak
Düssel
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH
pH
Density
Aheloy Slaveeva Guadalquivir Kizilirmak Yesilirmak Düssel0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Density (S.I)
Density (S.I)
• Presence of:–Organic matter -Mud–Oil -Weed–Lather -Odour–Dead fish -Gas oil
Sample Organic matter
Muddy
Oil Weed Lather
Urban rubbish
Odour
Dead fishes
Gas oil
BulgariaAheloy
Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No
BulgariaSlaveeva
Yes No No Yes No No No No No
GermanyDüssel
Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No
Sample Organic matter
Muddy
Oil Weed
Lather Urban rubbish
Odour
Dead fishes
Gas oil
SpainGuadalquivir
no yes no yes
no yes no no no
Turkey Kizilirmak
yes no no no no no no no no
Turkey Yesilirmak
yes no no No no no no no no
• Presence of ions:–Pb2+ NO–Cl- NO /YES (Spain,Turkey)–HCO3
- Low
–Cu 2+ NO–Ca2+ YES
Lakes
• Mandra lake (Bulgary)• Tasaul lake ( Romania)• Siutghiol lake (Romania)• Tabacarie lake ( Romania)
Mandra lake
Tasaul lake
Siutghiol lake
Tabacarie lake
Our lakes
• Studying:
TemperaturepHDensity
Temperature
Mandra Tasaul Siutghiol Tabacarie
TºC 20 14 14 15
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
TºC
TºC
pH
Mandra
Tasaul
Siutghiol
Tabacarie
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
pH
pH
Density
MandraTasaul
SiutghiolTabacarie
984
986
988
990
992
994
996
998
1000
Density (S.I)
Density (S.I)
• Presence of:–Organic matter -Mud–Oil -Weed–Lather -Odour–Dead fish -Gas oil
Sample Organic matter
Muddy
Oil Weed
Lather
Urban rubbish
Odour
Dead fishes
Gas oil
BulgariaMandra
Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No
RomaniaTassaul
Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No
RomaniaSiutghiol
Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No
RomaniaTabacarie
Yes No No No Yes No No No No
• Presence of ions:–Pb2+ NO–Cl- NO /YES (Romania)–HCO3
- No
–Cu 2+ NO–Ca2+ YES