Lesson XII

Perfect Tense Verbs

captivus

captivi

m.

prisoner

cena

cenae

f.

dinner

singuli, singulae, singulaone at a time, one by one

moveo,movere,movi,motus

move

voco,vocare,vocavi,vocatus

call

a, ab (+ abl.)

away from, from

de (+ abl.)

down from, from, about, concerning

e, ex (+ abl.)

out from, from, out of

Perfect Tense

• Last week we learned the imperfect tense: past action uncompleted.

• Ex: We were sailing, she was carrying• This week we’re learning perfect tense: past

action completed• We sailed (have sailed), she carried (has

carried)

The Perfect Stem!

• Now it’s time to start using the 3rd principal part of those verbs in your vocab list!

All About VerbsEach verb has 4 principal parts

First Person Singular Present Active

“I love”

Present active Infinitive“to love”

First Person SingularPerfect Active“I have loved”

Perfect Passive Participle

“having been loved”

amo amare amavi amatus

Finding the Perfect Stem

amare amavi amatusamo

The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.

amavi - i = amav-

Find the third principal part of the verb.

Finding the Perfect Stem

docere docui doctusdoceo

The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.

docui - i = docu-

Find the third principal part of the verb.

ager, agri (m.)

field

filius, fili (m.)

son

magister, magistri (m.)

teacher

puer, pueri (m.)

boy

vir, viri (m.)

man

amicus, amica, amicum

friendly

liber, libera, liberum

free (adj.)

noster, nostra, nostrum

our

sacer, sacra, sacrum

sacred

Perfect Tense Endings

The perfect tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

-i

-isti

-it

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

-erunt

-istis

-imus we

you

they

First Person

SecondPerson

Third Person

amav i

amav isti

amav it

amav

amav

amav

imus

istis

erunt

I lovedI have lovedI did love

You lovedYou have lovedYou did love

He lovedHe has lovedHe did love

We lovedWe have lovedWe did loveYou lovedYou have lovedYou did love

They lovedThey have lovedThey did love

Present Active

animus, animi (m.)

mind, courage, spirit

colonus, coloni (m.)

settler, colonist

habito,habitare,habitavi,habitatus

live, dwell

migro,migrare,migravi,migratus

depart, migrate

sum,es,fui,futurus

to be

in (+ acc.)

into, onto, against

annus, anni (m.)

year

barbarus, barbari (m.)

foreigner, barbarian

castra, castrorum (n.)

camp

consilium, consilii (n.)

plan, advice

frumentum,frumenti (n.)

grain

praemium,praemii (n.)

reward

signum,signi (n.)

sign, standard, signal

barbarus,barabara,barbarum

foreign

evoco, evocare,evocavi,evocatus

call out, summon