lesson 22

Graphics Software

This lesson includes the following sections:

• Paint Programs

• Photo-Manipulation Programs

• Draw Programs

• Computer-Aided Design Programs

• 3-D Modeling Programs

• Animation

• Graphics and the World Wide Web

• Paint programs work with bitmap images and manage the individual pixels that make up an image.

• Paint programs provide a variety of tools that can add special effects to an image.

• It can be difficult to edit an entity in a paint program because the program does not see the entity as a whole, but as a set of pixels. To edit the image, you must make changes to the pixels that comprise it.

Paint Programs

As the circle is zoomed on the screen,the individual pixels can be seen.

Pixelization is characteristicof paint programs.

• Photo-manipulation programs are bitmap-based programs, which are used primarily to edit electronic or digitized photographs.

• Photo-manipulation programs can repair problems with an image, such as adjusting colors or hiding mistakes.

• Photo-manipulation programs can produce sophisticated effects, such as combining multiple images into a seamless whole, hiding parts of an image, and more.

Photo-Manipulation Programs

The airbrush tool canbe used to repair a

scratched photograph.

• Draw programs work with vectors and give the designer a great deal of flexibility in editing an image.

• Objects created in a draw program can be altered easily and without loss of image quality.

• Draw programs work well with text.

Draw Programs

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD) programs are used in technical design fields to create models of objects that will be built or manufactured.

• CAD software allows users to design objects in three dimensions (3-D) and to produce 3-D wireframe and solid models.

• CAD products provide the user with high precision, and enable the user to divide drawings into layers, and add accurate dimensions (measurements) to a drawing.

Computer-Aided Design Programs

• Surface modeling

• Solid modeling

• Polygonal modeling

• Spline-based modeling

Designers use 3-D modeling programs to build three-dimensional models of objects and characters, and to add special effects to them.

Modeling programs use four techniques to build models:

3-D Modeling Programs

Gear Model in 3-D

• Computers are used to create animation in various fields, including games and movies.

• Fly-bys and walk-throughs are basic types of computer animation.

• Character animation is the art of creating a character and making it move in a lifelike manner.

• Compositing tools allow designers to add characters and objects to scenes that did not originally contain them.

Animation

Fly-by frame sequence

• Web pages support many types of graphics, including bullets, rules, logos, complex artwork, and

photographs.

• The GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) and JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) image formats are the most widely used formats on the Web.

• Animation can be added to a Web page by using simple animated GIF images or plug-in software such

as Flash or Shockwave.

Graphics and the World Wide Web

• List five types of graphics software and their uses.

• Differentiate the way bitmap and vector graphics programs work.

• Describe four methods for creating 3-D computer models.

• Identify three categories of computer-generated animation.

• Name five types of graphics elements commonly found in Web pages.

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