Post on 11-Apr-2015
description
Principles of Principles of MeasurementMeasurement
Let the Games Let the Games Begin!Begin!
LESSON 1
ObjectivesObjectives• Measurement of Measurement of
temperature and pressure temperature and pressure • Units of measurementUnits of measurement• Measurement devicesMeasurement devices
ReferencesReferences
• Introduction to Naval Introduction to Naval EngineeringEngineering
• Principles of Naval EngineeringPrinciples of Naval Engineering
Purpose of Measuring Purpose of Measuring DevicesDevices
• Why essential to proper Why essential to proper operation of propulsion operation of propulsion plants?plants?
WHAT IS WHAT IS TEMPERATURE?TEMPERATURE?
• An indication of the internal energy An indication of the internal energy contained in a substancecontained in a substance• Mono-Atomic Gases: Linearly Mono-Atomic Gases: Linearly
proportionalproportional• Poly-Atomic Gases: translational, Poly-Atomic Gases: translational,
rotational and vibrational kinetic rotational and vibrational kinetic energy.energy.
• Temp is a measure of but not Temp is a measure of but not directly proportional to internal directly proportional to internal kinetic energy.kinetic energy.
Measurement of Measurement of TemperatureTemperature
• Relative ScalesRelative Scales• Fahrenheit (°F)Fahrenheit (°F)• Celsius (°C) Celsius (°C)
• Absolute ScalesAbsolute Scales• Rankine (°R)Rankine (°R)• Kelvin (K)Kelvin (K)
Temperature Temperature RelationshipsRelationships
(°F) = 9/5*(°C) +32(°F) = 9/5*(°C) +32
(°C) = 5/9*[(°F) –32](°C) = 5/9*[(°F) –32]
(°F) = (°R) – 459.67(°F) = (°R) – 459.67
(°C) = (K) – 273.15(°C) = (K) – 273.15
Measurement of Measurement of PressurePressure
• Definition: Force per unit areaDefinition: Force per unit area• Units of measurementUnits of measurement
• Pounds force per square inch Pounds force per square inch (psi) (psi)
• Inches Hg or inches HInches Hg or inches H22O (“Hg)O (“Hg)• Atmospheres (atm)Atmospheres (atm)
Pressure RelationshipsPressure Relationships
• Gage pressure (PSIG)Gage pressure (PSIG)• Absolute pressure (PSIA)Absolute pressure (PSIA)• Vacuum pressure (PSIV) or (in Vacuum pressure (PSIV) or (in
Hg)Hg)• Atmospheric pressure (14.7 Atmospheric pressure (14.7
psi)psi)
Pressure RelationshipsPressure Relationships
Absolute Pressure = Atmospheric Absolute Pressure = Atmospheric Press. + Press. + Gage Gage Press.Press.
Vacuum = Atmospheric Pressure - Vacuum = Atmospheric Pressure - Absolute Absolute PressurePressure
Pressure RelationshipsPressure Relationships
Atmospheric Pressure(Average at Sea Level)
VACUUM(in. Hg)
GAGE PRESSURE
(PSIG)ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
(PSIA)
0 PSIA
14.7 PSIA
30 PSIA
0 PSIG
0 In. Hg
29.92 In. Hg
15.3 PSIG
SensorSensorss
Principle of OperationPrinciple of OperationTemperature DevicesTemperature Devices
• Expansion ThermometersExpansion Thermometers• Liquid in glassLiquid in glass• BimetallicBimetallic• Filled system/distant readingFilled system/distant reading
• PyrometersPyrometers• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and optical pyrometersRadiation and optical pyrometers
Expansion Expansion ThermometerThermometer
• Liquid in GlassLiquid in Glass• BimetallicBimetallic• Filled Filled
System/Distant System/Distant ReadingReading
Expansion Expansion ThermometerThermometer
• Liquid in GlassLiquid in Glass• BimetallicBimetallic• Filled Filled
System/Distant System/Distant ReadingReading
Expansion Expansion ThermometerThermometer
• Liquid in GlassLiquid in Glass• BimetallicBimetallic• Filled Filled
System/Distant System/Distant ReadingReading
PyrometersPyrometers
• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and OpticalRadiation and Optical
PyrometersPyrometers
• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and OpticalRadiation and Optical
PyrometersPyrometers
• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and OpticalRadiation and Optical
PyrometersPyrometers
• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and OpticalRadiation and Optical
Operation of Pressure Operation of Pressure Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices
• ManometersManometers• Bourdon tubeBourdon tube• Bellows gageBellows gage
Operation of Pressure Operation of Pressure Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices
• ManometersManometers• Bourdon tubeBourdon tube• Bellows gageBellows gage
Operation of Pressure Operation of Pressure Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices
• ManometersManometers• Bourdon tubeBourdon tube• Bellows gageBellows gage
Operation of Pressure Operation of Pressure Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices
• ManometersManometers• Bourdon tubeBourdon tube• Bellows gageBellows gage
QuestionQuestions?s?