LED Lighting Retrofit:A Case Study from LFUCG

James Bush, Energy ManagerLexington-Fayette Urban County Government

March 20, 2018

Outline

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§ Introduction§ Building Energy Use & Lighting Trends§ Solid State Lighting

Benefits & Potential ImpactObstacles & Considerations

§ LFUCGApproachRetrofit Case Studies

LFUCG - Energy Initiatives

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§ Utility Management~$18M in gas/water/elec

§ Project ManagementLFUCG Energy Team

§ Building/Equipment ConsultationEnergy audits & analysis

§ Building Automation ControlsHVAC monitoring

§ Energy Improvement FundInternal revolving-loan

Commercial Energy Use (2012)

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(36% in 2003)

(21% in 2003)

Quiz 1

What are the residentialproportions for

HeatingCooling

Hot Water

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Residential Energy Use (2009)

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Commercial Trends, 2012 vs 2003

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Lighting

Heating

More CFL’s…LED’s just beginning

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Potential !!!

More Linear T8’s

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T12’sT8’s

Government Drivers

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§ Energy Policy Act 2005Energy Efficiency StandardsTax Incentives

§ Energy Independence & Security Act 2007Building / Lighting Efficiency Standards“Light Bulb Law”

2012 ≠ incandescent2020 ≠ halogen

Commercial Electricity Use

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Benefits of LED

(why solid state lighting?)

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Benefits of LEDs

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Long Life, Lower Costs

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*

* Useful life often defined by L70 rating; not failure of LED

High Cycling, Low Heat, No Hg

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Control Strategies

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Efficacy Projections

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Quiz 2

What is the efficacy(lumen per watt) for

CFL’sIncandescent / Halogen’s

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Efficacy Projections

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DOE Target = 255(190 for OLEDs)

CFLInc/Hal

Potential Impact

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Perspective

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4.5 quads(395 TWh) =

Obstacles to LED

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Purchase Cost

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Cheapest LEDPrice $1.75 $7.00Watts 72 14Lumens 1,490 1,500Life Hours 1,000 10,000

“100 watt” equivalent

Purchase Cost

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DOE Program Goals

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Recent bid by LFUCG

Today 125 lm/W @ 4000K, 5000 lm, $80

Compatibility

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§ Physical dimensions§ Physical appearance§ Light distribution patterns§ Not truly ‘equivalent’ (lumens, color,…)

Ballast Issue

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§ UL Type AIntegrated LED driverPlug & play with existing ballast (current limiting)

§ UL Type BIntegrate LED driverDirect wiring to mains (in-line fuse recommended)

§ UL Type CRemote LED driverLow voltage to socket pinsBest dimming options

Dimming

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§ Legacy dimmers madefor resistive lighting

§ LEDs are nonlinearand unidirectional

§ Translation: best tocontrol current

§ Compatibility:Dimmer, andDriver, andQuantity & Type of lights

Dimming – Who Cares about Flicker?

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§ Anyone responsible for human health, well-being and/or performance in spaces with electric lighting

§ At-risk populations for specific impairments • Photosensitive epileptics: 1 in 4000 • Migraine sufferers • Not all at-risk populations identified

§ Young people § Autistic people

Quiz 3

Is there a white LED?

True / False

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Quiz 3

Is there a white LED?

Unlike incandescent lamps, LEDs are not inherently white light sources

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Color Stability

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2014 Nobel Prize in Physics was for invention of efficient blue LED

Color Stability

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Emerging Technologies

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#

Better…• Price• Brightness• Color• Longevity• Control• Integration

Considerations

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§ Specificationsshape, distribution, color,lumens, power, hours, control, …

§ Certifications

DesignLights ConsortiumQualified Products Listing (QPL)

LFUCGApproach & Case Studies

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New Construction (2014)

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Hybrid approach – T8s low ceilings, LED highbay

New Construction (2015)

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All solid state lighting

24/7 Facility

Retrofit (2014)

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ESPC project at Fayette County Detention Center

LED pushed “bundled” project beyond 10 year target

…but LFUCG opted for LEDs (UL Type B)

Key Drivers: 24/7 facility, labor savings, demand reduction

Price Contracts

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§ Late 2015LFUCG solicits bids for high volume2x2 and 2x4 lay-in LED fixtures

§ Early 2017Price contract expanded to 66 items

§ Early 2018Expanded with an additional 38 items

Guiding Principles§ Utility / Energy Savings§ Deferred Maintenance§ Improve Safety§ Standardize Equipment & Light Levels

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Light Power - Light LevelsInternational Energy Conservation Code• Lighting Power Densities (W/ft2)• Lighting Controls

Manual, Automatic, Sensor, Daylighting

Illuminating Engineering Society• Footcandle Recommendations• Design Guides• Application Best Practices

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Carver14 x 2-lamp T12’s• 1120 W• 30 fc• Switched

6 LED strip lights• 252 W• 50 fc• Motion sensor

(fade to off)

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Gov Center Lobby

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Initial foot candles 6% higherNow 31,000+ hours of use(1 bulb failure)

Fixture Layout

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§ Often reduce fixture count by 20% or more§ Include motion/dimming options§ Improve color/lumens for work task

BEFORE AFTER

Retrofit Tool Worksheet§ Detailed lighting survey§ Fixture-level analysis§ Standard comparison

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Measurement & Verification

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§ Circuit-level measurement§ Load reduction less than expected (~16 vs 22 kW)§ Significant number of old lights not functioning

24-hourLoad Profile

(average watts)

Station #21

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§ Whole-building analysis§ 80% of expectation§ Reasons: burn hours, non-functioning lights, field adjustments

Station #22

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§ Whole-building analysis§ 93% of expectation

FY17 LED Retrofits§ Fleet Services§ Woodland Tennis Courts§ Coroner Office§ Day Treatment Gymnasium§ Lakeside Maintenance Shop§ Waste Management Parking§ Fire Training Center§ Government Center Garage§ OAC Building

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EIF Investment:$204,404

Estimated Cost Avoidance:$27,680 /yr

Estimated Energy Avoidance:328,423 kWh /yr

Questions?