Post on 11-Jan-2016
Infrastructure planning and management
Lecture(1)
Civil Engineering Dept.Master Program
2013-2014
The term “Public Works” is applied to facilitates that usually require substantial capital investment; provide services or solve problems perceived to the public's responsibility; and are planned, designed, constructed, and proposed by or under the auspices of government agencies. Private companies may also construct and /or operate public works, to serve their own manufacturing or other need, or for profit.
Definition of the "Public Works" and " Infrastructure"
“The nation’s infrastructure is its system of public facilities, both publicly and privately funded, which provide for the delivery of essential services and a
sustained standard of living. This interdependent, yet self-contained, set of structures provides for mobility,
shelter, services, and utilities… America’s infrastructure is the base upon which society rests. Its condition affects our lifestyles and security and each is threatened by its
unanswered decay”.
What is Infrastructure ?
Infrastructure Examples
Overview of Infrastructures
Electric Transport
Telecom Water
Examples of Infrastructure projects
Highways, streets, bridges, tunnels and transportation
Water supply, treatment, and distribution.Wastewater collection, treatment and
disposal
Communication facilities
Electric power generation and supply
Solid waste collection, treatment, and disposal.
Examples of Infrastructure projects (cont…..)
Courthouses, schools, libraries and hospitals
Police station, fire houses, prisons and garages.
Public residential housing
Categories of public infrastructure projects
1 Development of new projects or provision of additional capacity or capability.
• New Highway .• New water distribution system.New
projects
• Add additional lanes. • Expanding a water treatment.• Add new pumps
Additional capacity
2 Rehabilitation and/or reconstruction of existing facility without changing the capacity or capability of the facility.
3
Routine maintenance(preventive) and operation of infrastructure system (e.g., the municipal systems for transportation, water supply, sewage and storm water and solid wastes.
4
Improve the system efficiency by modify the operation and management (e.g. Improve pumps efficiency by cleaning or/and lubrication ).
1• Establishment of goals and
objectives
2• Problem identification and
analysis
3• Solution identification and
impact assessment
Typical infrastructure planning steps
4
• Recommendation: including priorities and schedules for implementation.
5• Decisions: including financing.
6
• Implementation: final design, construction planning, construction.
Typical infrastructure planning steps
Typical infrastructure planning steps
7• Operation and management
What is Infra. Mgmt?.
• Administrative process of creating, planning, and maintaining our infrastructures
• An integrated, inter-disciplinary process that ensures infrastructure performance over its life cycle
• Life cycle is entire time from design through decommissioning
What is Infra. Mgmt.? Overall Framework
Program/Network/System Level
Project Level
In-Service Monitoring &
Evaluation
Database
What is Infra. Mgmt.? Program/System Level
Financing
Budgets
Policies
Exogenous Factors
Data (location, performance, evaluation)
Deficiencies/Needs (current, future)
Alternatives and AnalysesPriorities
What is Infra. Mgmt.? Project/Section Level
Standards/Specifications
Budget Limit
EnvironmentalConstraints
Data (materials, loads, flows, costs, etc.)
Detailed DesignConstructionMaintenance
What is Infra. Mgmt.? Ideal System
Would coordinate and enable the execution of all activities
Maximizes use and expenditure of resources
Maximize performance of assetsServe all management levels
What is Infra. Mgmt.? Key Issues
Decay and deterioration (condition, failure) Lack of maintenance/renovation (build, build,
build!) Scarcity of financing (federal gov’t funds projects
of national/interstate importance - states left to build the rest; money tends to be for construction and not maintenance; lots of infrastructure needs - which ones are #1 priority?)
Inadequate reporting and accounting
Where Does Engineering Help?
Systems engineering perspective! Framing of problem Using quantitative tools to solve it
Tools: uncertainty/risk analysis Optimization via LP, Probabilistic, etc.
Both parts are important
What is Infra. Mgmt?.
CONTEXT(Tech./Social/Political Environment)
PROBLEM RECOGNITION(Reviews, Prelim. Assessments)
PROBLEM DEFINITION(Objectives, Constraints, Decisions)
GENERATION OFALTERNATIVES
ANALYSIS/EVALUATION/OPTIMIZATION
IMPLEMENTATION(Schedules, Activities, Documentation)
PeriodicIn-Service
Monitoring &Evaluation
Tools for Optimization
Mathematical Programming LP (min/max with constraints), etc.
HeuristicsProbabilisticGraphical (e.g. Scheduling Charts)
Some Estimates ? (Project Idea-1)
Summary of “Civil Infrastructure Systems: The Big Picture”, Jan2014. Issues and obstacles in civil infrastructure Developments and Opportunities Recommendations Highways, Bridges, Water, Construction Industry,
Financials, Risk, Sustainable Development, Opportunities, Conclusions
Programming and budgeting
process of public works agencies
ProgrammingIt is a process of prioritizing proposed projects and developing a single-year or multiyear program of projects, usually within a constrained monetary amount.
• An annual preventive maintenance program.
• A five-year capital program(what capital improvements will be designed and constructed over the time period ?)
Examples
Programming and budgeting
process of public works agencies
BudgetingIt is procedures that actually produces the funding and authority to incur costs and allocate funds. The budget is usually an annual legislative authorization for expenditures and may follow multiyear authorization guidelines established be by the same legislative bodies.
Programming and budgeting
process of public works agencies
key elements for analysis the programming and budgeting .
Assessing needs and identifying projectIdentify and measure problems and needs Identify alternatives solutions
Establishing program performance measuresMonitoring the program progress Evaluate the results
Setting program goals and objective
key elements for analysis the programming and budgeting .
Program trade-offs Evaluate trade-offs for shifting resources among program areas and determine
levels of resources allocation across program
Priority setting and program developmentIdentify priorities for each program area Develop fiscally constrained candidate program
Project evaluation
key elements for analysis the programming and budgeting .
Program implementation and monitoring
Budgeting
Relationship between infrastructure and development
A healthy infrastructure is a necessary ingredient of a robust economy. Infrastructure systems are a part of the nation's economy (through expenditures), and infrastructure systems are also necessary to accommodate economic expansion and productivity.
Relationship between infrastructure and development
Physical infrastructure
Economic system
Social system
Natural environment
Our Purpose - Now Justified
Understand issues in managing existing infrastructure rather than building new
Critically review status of infrastructureDevelop awareness of tools and resources
for infrastructure management
For next time: read Dunker 1995
Relationship between infrastructure and
development
Goods and services
Purchases
Wages
Labor
Public Industry
Energy and natural resources