LECTURE 3.1LECTURE 3.1

LECTURE OUTLINELECTURE OUTLINE

Weekly DeadlinesWeekly DeadlinesCRRA Report #1: ApplicationsCRRA Report #1: Applications

Concept Map: The Use of MaterialsConcept Map: The Use of MaterialsSelf-Review Questions and DocumentsSelf-Review Questions and DocumentsSelf-Review: The Sulfur EssaySelf-Review: The Sulfur Essay

Lesson # 3 Name History, Part 1: Historical Perspectives—Materials in

Antiquity

Lectures Monday: Lecture 3.1 Writing a CRRA on Sulfur: Applications Wednesday: Lecture 3.2 Fire: The Fourth Element

Required Book Reading 1 (For the End of Lesson Quiz)

Part B: Historical Perspectives I Prologue Chapter 4

Required Book Reading 2 (For the Lesson 4 Practice Quiz)

Part B: Historical Perspectives I Prologue and Chapter 4 (from Lesson 03) Chapters 5, 6, and 7

Animations Mike Fleck: "Old Kilns Pottery" Biographies Mineral of the Week

Camera-Ready Review Article (CRRA)

CRRA Report #1: OPTIONAL SUBMISSSION, due Wednesday

Practice Quiz Practice quizzes (5 questions each) are available. There are also practice quizzes in Perception. Questions are similar to those in the main quiz database. A complete “prototype” end of lesson (practice) quiz is found in the Lesson 03, Lecture Notes folder.

End of Lesson Quiz Quiz 3 will consist of 10 questions for a total of 30 points. Quizzes are “individualized” but the questions are taken from a large database. Material Covered: Book Reading and Animations

CRRA REPORT #1CRRA REPORT #1

Concept Maps as Organizational Concept Maps as Organizational ToolsTools

a

Applications: Key Concepts.Physical Description,Historical Uses, Modern Uses, Emerging Uses.Reasons for Use/Non-Use: Properties, Cost, Availability,Environmental Concerns

a

Material X

aa

PhysicalDescriptionrequires

a

HistoricalUsesModernUsesEmergingUses

a

mayhave

a

Drawbacks

a

mayhave

a

withchanging

a

Reasonsfor Use/Non-Use

a

include

aa

PropertiesCostAvailabilityResourcesisrelatedto

a

mayinclude

a

EnvironmentalHealth/Safety

aa

MechanicalPhysicalChemicalinclude

aa

PoliticalStrategicmay be

a

Organizational Hierarchy

aa

Material XDrawbacksHistoricalUsesModernUsesEmergingUses

Reasonsfor Use/Non-UseEnvironmentalHealth/SafetyPhysicalDescriptionrequiresmayhave

includemayinclude

PropertiesCostAvailabilityResourcesisrelatedtoPoliticalStrategicmay bemay beReasonsfor Use/Non-Usemay be

MechanicalPhysicalChemicalincludewithchanging

mayhave

a

FungicidePigment“Greek Fire”Gunpowder

a

Sulfuric Acid,Fertilizers,Fungicides,Vulcanization,Medicines

a

Natural Fungicide,Fumigant.Strong Acid Former.Essential toLife

a

Not an Issue

a

No

a

Acid Rain, from SO and H S22

a

“Native”, fromVolcanos, and OilCap-Rocks.PyritePetroleum/Natural GasRefining.Coal-Fired ElectricityGeneratorsMetal Smeltersfrom

a

Discretionary

a

EnvironmentallyMandated

a

Odorless,Lemon-Yellow,Crystalline,Non-Metallic

SELF-REVIEW QUESTIONSSELF-REVIEW QUESTIONS

Self-Review Questions are found in:Self-Review Questions are found in:The CRRA Report Folders within the Lesson The CRRA Report Folders within the Lesson

Folders on ANGEL.Folders on ANGEL.

SELF-REVIEW QUESTIONS: SELF-REVIEW QUESTIONS: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

SELF-REVIEW QUESTIONS: THE APPLICATIONS COMPONENT The following list of grading questions may be used to assess the quality of your essay. You may use it as a check-sheet to ensure that you have met the overall requirements and have included sufficient content. Except for the “content questions,” the present list is identical to that in Assignment 2. The self-review aims to permit you to gauge the quality of your writing, its content, formatting, and citation practices, using the criteria you first employed in Assignment 2. The content questions are “applications specific,” but rather than the five questions contained in Assignment 2, there are now ten. If your essay is very well written, you should be able to answer "yes" to at least four of the content questions. I do not expect that you will be able to answer "yes" to all of the questions, save in exceptional cases. Because this is the first essay in a sequence, some of the content questions are “introductory.” For example, you should provide a physical description of your material. You will also find that some of the questions require answers that are related to the history of the use of your material, its properties, and even its processing. Overlap between this, the first component of the CRRA, and later components, is desirable at this stage. However, unnecessary repetition will have to be eliminated when you compile the final essay.

USE OF ENGLISHUSE OF ENGLISH1. Does the first sentence of the essay accurately introduce and/or reflect the subject

matter of the essay? Yes (2) No (0)

2. Is the text grammatically correct, properly punctuated, and free of spelling and typographical errors?

Yes (0) No (-2)

3. Is the essay free of inconsequential verbiage? Yes (2) No (0)

4. Is the essay free from colloquialisms—words or phrases that are part of the vernacular?

Yes (2) No (0)

5. Is the essay free from hyperbole, or exaggeration? Yes (2) No (0)

6. Is each sentence free of non-sequiturs? For example, does the second part of a sentence bear a relationship to the first part?

Yes (2) No (0)

CONTENTCONTENT1. Does the essay contain a clear, physical description of the material?

Yes (2) No (0)

2. Is the origin/meaning of the material’s name explained? Yes (2) No (0)

3. Are the historical applications of the material clearly presented? Yes (2) No (0)

4. Is the historical importance of the material established? Yes (2) No (0)

5. Are political/strategic/economic implications of the material’s availabil ity introduced?

Yes (2) No (0)

6. Are environmental problems/issues highlighted? Yes (2) No (0)

7. Is the current application(s) of the material clearly defined? For example, if the material is used as a widget, does the essay explain what a widget is?

Yes (2) No (0)

8. Are the reasons for the use of the material, as a widget, fully described? Yes (2) No (0)

9. Are the uses/appli cations of the material related to its physical/mechanical/chemical properties?

Yes (2) No (0)

10. Are sources for the material discussed/presented? Yes (2) No (0)

ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

1. Is the content presented in a logical fashion? Does one sentence flow naturally from the preceding one?

Yes (4) No (0)

ACCURACY AND ACCURACY AND ATTRIBUTIONATTRIBUTION

1. Is the essay free of scientific errors? Yes (2) No (-2)

2. Are the source materials (a minimum of two) correctly and adequately cited in the text?

Yes (2) No (-4)

3. Are the source materials listed appropriately, as either footnotes or at the end of the essay?

Yes (2) No (-4)

4. Is the text of the essay clearly the work of the author—i.e., is it free of plagiarism?

Yes (0) No (-30)

GRAPHICSGRAPHICS1. If graphics (figures) and/or tabular materials are used, are they referred to

adequately in the text? If neither graphics nor tabular materials are used, score a zero. The maximum score is four points, irrespective of the number of illustrations/tables used. If graphics and/or tabular materials are used but are not referred to in the text, score a -2.

Yes (4) No (-2)

2. If graphics are used, are they accompanied by figure captions? Is the source of the graphics acknowledged? If graphics are not used, score a zero.

Yes (0) No (-4)

3. If graphics are used, are they numbered consecutively? If graphics are not used, score a zero.

Yes (0) No (-2)

4. If tables are used, does a table number accompany them? If tables are not used, score a zero.

Yes (0) No (-2)

5. If tables are used, are they accompanied by a table heading? Is/are the source(s) of the tabular material acknowledged? If tables are not used, score a zero.

Yes (0) No (-4)

FORMATTINGFORMATTING

1. Is the essay formatted for ease in reading and comprehension? Yes (2) No (0)

2. Is the text of the required length (200 words minimum)? Yes (2) No (-2)

3. Is the text single-spaced, Times, 12 point? Yes (2) No (0)

NOTES ON THE SULFUR NOTES ON THE SULFUR DRAFT AND FINAL DRAFT AND FINAL

ESSAYSESSAYS

THE DRAFT ESSAYTHE DRAFT ESSAY

The references are cited numerically in the text. However, at the moment, they are numbered according to my arbitrary scheme, used for note-taking. They will need to be reorganized sequentially in the final document.

At present, the figure and its caption are not on the same page. This will have to be rectified in the final copy.

THE FINAL ESSAYTHE FINAL ESSAY

The references are cited sequentially in the text, and their order after the text has been changed to be consistent with the new numbering scheme.

The figure and its caption are now on the same page. I have re-sized and center-justified the figure.

I have used “Table Autoformat” to format the table—it is also center-justified.

The table has both a table number and a table heading, and both are centered above the table.

The figure has both a figure number and a figure caption, and both are located immediately below the figure. (They may also be to one side.) The figure caption is descriptive and not necessarily a complete sentence.

SELF-REVIEW SELF-REVIEW QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

The Sulfur Essay: ContentThe Sulfur Essay: Content

Does the essay contain a clear, physical description of the material?

Yes (2). The first sentence:

“Sulfur is an odorless, lemon-yellow, crystalline, non-metallic element…,” provides a clear physical description of sulfur

Is the origin/meaning of the material’s name explained?

No (0). It is stated in the first sentence, second paragraph that:

“Sulfur has been used for millennia, and is known by the name ‘brimstone’ [2] or ‘the stone that burns,’”

however, the origin of the word “sulfur” is not discussed.

Are the historical applications of the material clearly presented?

Yes (2). The second paragraph, which begins,

“Sulfur has been used for millennia, and is known by the name ‘brimstone’ [2] or ‘the stone that burns’ [3]. Sulfur was first used as a yellow pigment, as a fungicide and as a fumigant [2, 3],” is devoted to historical uses.

Is the historical importance of the material established?

No (0). It may be implicit in the second paragraph, but it is not explicit.

Are political/strategic/economic implications of the material’s availability introduced?

No (0).

Are environmental problems/issues highlighted?

No (0).

Is the current application(s) of the material clearly defined? For example, if the material is used as a widget, is it explained what a widget is?

Yes (2). Yes, Table 1 lists some of the major uses of sulfur.

Table 1. Major End-Uses of Sulfur/Sulfuric Acid, in the US for the Year 2000.

(Data Abstracted from ref [1].)

Application Thousands of Metric Tons Phosphatic Fertilizers 7110 Other Agricultural Chemicals 1290 Petroleum Refining 1960 Leaching (Extracting Copper) 671 Inorganic Chemicals 562 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 213 Organic Chemicals 82

Are the reasons for the use of the material, as a widget, fully described?

No (0). The reasons why sulfur is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, for example, is not explored.

Are the uses/applications of the material related to its physical/mechanical/chemical properties?

No (0).

Are sources for the material discussed/presented? Yes (2). The last paragraph, which begins:

“The broad applicability of sulfur is a reflection of its widespread availability [1, 3]. Up to the close of the eighteenth century, sulfur was mined from native sulfur deposits…,” is devoted to the issue of availability.

SCORE: 8/20