Post on 20-Dec-2015
BTS330
Lecture 2: Businesses and Business Processes
What is Business?
archaic : purposeful activity : BUSYNESS usually commercial or mercantile activity engaged in as a means
of livelihood : TRADE BUSINESS may be an inclusive term but specifically designates
the activities of those engaged in the purchase or sale of commodities or in related financial transactions. COMMERCE and TRADE imply the exchange and transportation of commodities. INDUSTRY applies to the producing of commodities, especially by manufacturing or processing, usually on a large scale*
*Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
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Types of Businesses
Retail Financial Insurance Manufacturing etc
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Business Areas
The organizational areas needed to support a business.
These can to equate to departments.
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Organizational Roles to Support the Business:
An organizational structure made up of executives, middle management, supervisory management and operational staff.
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Management
Executives (Top Management)▪ Those that make strategic and day to day
decisions Middle Management
▪ Those that make tactical and day to day decisions
Lower Management▪ Supervisory personnel who make day to day
decisions
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Operational Staff
The individuals involved in the day to day processing of transactions I.e. Bank Tellers; Mutual Fund Sales People; Sales Associate
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Systems that Solve Business Problems
Information systems Collection of interrelated components that
collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to complete business processes
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Information Systems
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IS PlanningLevel
Type of planning Typical IS applications Organizational Unit Responsible for
Developing
Strategic Strategies in support of organizational long-term objectives
Market and sales analysis, Product planning, Performance evaluation
Senior Management/ Executives
Tactical Policies in support of short-term goals and resource allocation
Budget analysis, Salary forecasting, Inventory scheduling, Customer service
Middle Management
Operational Day-to-day staff activities and production support
Payroll, Invoicing, Purchasing, Accounting
Lower Management; Operational
Flow of Information
Horizontally - information flows across departments
Vertically - information needs of clerical staff, middle management, and senior executives
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Business Processes
A Business Process could be an event that the business needs to respond to or it could be an event where the business needs to generate some kind of response back
Can include manual as well as automated processes
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Business Process
“A commercial event is usually triggered by an event (for example receipt of an application form) and has at least one visible domain-specific result (e.g., a contract)”*
* Developing Software with UML by Bernard Oestereich, p. 68.
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Domain
“An area of knowledge or activity characterized by a set of concepts and terminology understood by practitioners in that area.”*
* Use Case Modeling by Kurt Bittner and Ian Spence, p. 332.
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Business Process
“The activities of a business process are usually chronologically and logically related to each other.”*
* Developing Software with UML by Bernard Oestereich, p. 68.
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What is a Business Use Case?
“A business use case describes how a business actor uses a business to achieve a goal and what the business does for the business actor to achieve that goal.”*
*Use Case Modeling, by Bittner & Spence, p. 331.
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What is a Business Use Case?
“It tells the story of how the business and its actors collaborate to deliver something of value for at least one of the actors.”*
*Use Case Modeling, by Bittner & Spence, p. 331.
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What is a Business Use Case?
“… is independent of the concrete possibilities and requirements for its (IT-related) implementation.”*
*Developing Software with UML: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design in
Practice, Bernard Oestereich, p. 72.
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Business Use Cases
How to identify a Business Use Case? Look for processes the company uses to
satisfy the requests of the business actors▪ Processes could be an event that the business
needs to respond to or it could be an event where the business needs to generate some kind of response back
▪ Can include manual as well as automated processes
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Business Use Cases
Where does a Use case start? “At the start there is always a
commercial trigger, a commercial event▪ Customer would like to conclude a contract▪ Customer would like to rent a vehicle▪ Marketing department would like a statistical
evaluation of reservations”*
*Developing Software with UML, Object-oriented Analysis and Design in Practice,Bernard Oestereich, p. 74.
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Business Use Cases
Where does a Use case start? “At the start there is always a
commercial trigger, a commercial event▪ Customer would like to conclude a contract▪ Customer would like to rent a vehicle▪ Marketing department would like a statistical
evaluation of reservations”*
*Developing Software with UML, Object-oriented Analysis and Design in Practice,Bernard Oestereich, p. 74.
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Business Use Cases
Where does a Use case end? “At the end a result has been produced
that has “commercial value”▪ A vehicle registration▪ A letter to the customer▪ A business management evaluation”*
*Developing Software with UML, Object-oriented Analysis and Design in
Practice, Bernard Oestereich, p. 74.
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Business Use Cases
How to identify the Actors? Look for who is placing requirements on
the system. Anybody who is directly or indirectly
involved affected by the system.▪ Directly: someone who will have direct
contact with the system▪ Indirectly: someone who does not have direct
contact with the system but who is involved in the business that is supported by the system
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Business Use Cases
Example of Actors: Users of the system Other departments (Marketing, Sales) Clients or Management Customers System Administrators, Service Personnel, Training
Personnel, Support Personnel System Developers, System Maintenance Personnel Buyers of the system
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Business Modeling
What is Business Modeling? It shows how people and business
processes need to work together Two diagrams support Business
Modeling:▪ Use Case diagram which contains business
use cases and actors▪ An Activity diagram which describes in more
detail the flow of the Business Processes
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Business Modeling
Why Business Modeling? It shows the scope of the system If building a system which will use
several related systems, it clarifies what each system needs to be responsible for and what the relationships are between systems
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Business Use Case Diagram
“A model of a business (defined in terms of business use cases, business actors, and the associations between them) that describes the requirements of a business.”*
*Use Case Modeling, by Bittner & Spence, p. 331.
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Business Modeling
What is a Business Use Case? A business process that happens within
an organization
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Business Modeling
What is an Actor? Someone who interacts with the
business process
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Customer
Business Modeling
Business Use Case Diagram Example
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