Post on 18-Jul-2015
Mrs. Dani Vaughn-TuckerHistory 103: American History to 1865Spring 2009 Term A
Migration Theory Historians and anthropologists believe
humans lived in North America starting around 35,000 B.C.
Believed to have migrated across the Bering Land Bridge
Migration took place over many years People migrated southward and eastward
probably in search of food
Influences on the different Native American culturesRegional diversity between the different groupsAbility to create food surpluses
Capital of one of the larger states near Mexico
Served as a major trade center, specializing in obsidian
Major religious center, where the Sun Pyramid was located
Migrated from the north and became a dominant force in the 1400s
Capital city was Tenochtitlan
Worshipped more than 200 different deities
Created elaborate drainage systems
Land area characterized by a dry environment still farming became important
Chaco Canyon was the center
Specialized in turquoise Believed to have
declined due to drought
Full-time farmers who lived in very large communities
Largest community was Cahokia
Famous for their large platform mounds surrounded by religious temples
Believe decline was due to climate change and an overtaxed environment
Confederacy of five Indian tribes Mohawks Oneida Onondagas Cayugas Seneca• According to legend they were united by a
Mohawk sachem named Hiawatha
Political Structure Made decisions in
council meetingsLifestyle Lived in “longhouses” Owned property
communally Labor was divided
according to gender
Held positions of power Descent was matrilineal Women could easily divorce their husbands Had significant influence over the decision
making process of the council
Northern Region Exclusively hunters and gatherers Mobile tribe life Seafood made up a large portion of their diet Lived in smaller communitiesSouthern Region Farmers Much more stable life Lived in larger communities
“Three Sisters of Agriculture” Maize Beans Squash
Lived exclusively as hunters and gatherers Incredibly wealthy
Timber• Lived exclusively as hunters and gatherers• Lived in longhouses in fixed locations• Seafood was the foundation of their diet• Stratified society
Reasons for European exploration Economics Religion Adventure Forced immigration (slavery)
Primary goal was to find a shorter route to the East
Explorers Christopher Columbus Bartolomeu Dias
(Portuguese explorer) Amerigo Vespuci
Primary goal was to find gold and other treasures
Explorer Herman CortesReasons for Conquer of the Aztecs Cortes and his men were believed to be gods Disease Differing views on warfare
1565 St. Augustine First permanent European Settlement in the
U.S.1598 Juan de Ornate led a powerful takeover in the
upper Rio Grande Valley Roughly 800 people were killed1680 Pueblo Revolt Led by Pope
Jacques Cartier Explored the east coast
of Canada in the 1530s Travels formed the basis
for French claim in North America
Samuel de Champlain Founded Quebec in 1608 Established an important
trading post Considered to be the
“father” of New France
John Cabot – late 15th century Sir Walter Raleigh
Roanoke Named Virginia after Queen Elizabeth, the Virgin
Queen
Roanoke 1585 Primary purpose was to serve as a base for
pirate ships Relations with the Indians (Croatoans) were
strained Settlement disappeared with only the word
“Croatoan” carved into a tree
Jamestown 1607 First successful English settlement Organized by the Virginia Company of London Relied on the Powhatan Indians for food Issues facing the colonists:
Swampy lands Settlers did not want to work• Relied on the Powhatan Indians for food• Became successful due to John Rolfe and his
tobacco plant
Describes the interaction between Europeans and Native AmericansPlantsAnimalsDisease
The migration of Native Americans across the Bering Land Bridge
The diversity of lifestyles as they settled into different regions of what is now the U.S.
The exploration of the New World by Spain, England and France and their efforts to establish colonies
The results, both positive and negative, of interactions between Europeans and Native Americans and the results of this interactions