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LECTURE 1: HUMAN FACTOR and FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGYAVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203
AVIATION MANAGEMENT COLLEGE
SIR MOHD ‘ARIFF BIN ABDUL JALIL
LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES
By end of this session, you will be able to: Acquire some basic understanding of
Human Physiology Able to identify the main function of
body systems that have major role in human factors
Understand how the body and mind can be affected in flight as well as why they are affected in flight.
Be knowledgeable about the physiology of the body in the flight environment.
AVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203
WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGY?
The study of human systems' integrated functions and the processes by which they maintain the body functions.
In other words, the definition of physiology is: The study of the functions of the body
at the cellular level.
While flight physiology is how the body and mind work in the flying environment.
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FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY
Flight physiology is how the body and mind work in the flying environment.
It includes How our organs function What keeps them from functioning in a
abnormal environment What the pilot can do to protect these
functions before and during flight.
Flight physiology, therefore, is an integral part of human factors and safe flight, and it has a direct effect on human performance.
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REMEMBER ! ! ! !
Knowing flight physiology, being aware of its effects on performance, and maintaining a high index of suspicion when performance becomes poor will continue to make everyone a better and safer pilot.
Suspicion = a feeling that something is possible
“Prevention is better than cure!”
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Why we need to learn Physiology?
Understanding how our organs function and how they keep from functioning in unfriendly environment.
Know how the body should work under ideal and controllable situations.
Raise the level of awareness.
Take action to avoid unsafe situation or be better prepared medically.
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The Nervous System
3 components: Brain (Central Nervous System) Spinal Cord Peripheral
Nervous System
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Central Nervous System (Brain) Core of the nervous system Control all body function:
Mental Mechanical Physiological
Example: Phone/computer system- Transmit electrical
signal through WIRE. Body- Transmit electrical and biochemical
signal through NERVES.
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1st Part of Brain (Forebrain) (4 lobes)
Frontal lobes: thoughts, decisions, and judgments.
Parietal lobes: senses and send information for processing.
Temporal lobes: Speech center location and where the brain computes information (for written and spoken communications).
Occipital lobes: are where information from the eyes is processed.
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2nd part of brain (Midbrain): Hypothalamus, which produces hormones that affect temperature, growth, and other physiological activities.
3rd part of brain (hindbrain): The center of regulation of many of the body’s basic functions, including breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and many others.
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Continue . . .
Spinal Cord
Function: Transmit signal
between brain and peripheral system.
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Peripheral Nerves System Function:
Connect and transmit signal to branch of organ from brain.
Every part of body has its own nerve.
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The Respiratory System
Function: Exchange of gases between body and
its tissue and the outside ambient air.
Purpose: Add Oxygen(O2) and remove Carbon
Dioxide (CO2).
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In the human body, two kinds of respiration take place.(1) External respirationExternal respiration.
- Occurs in the lung
- Air is inhaled and exhaled and gases transferred through the lungs
and into bloodstream.
(2) Internal respirationInternal respiration. -Transport gases to and from body cells and tissues by the blood and red blood.
The Respiratory SystemAVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203
External Respiration
External respiration is about the mechanics of breathing, getting oxygen into the lungs and (used) air is expelled from the lungs in order to remove carbon dioxide from to body.
It is also about ensuring proper diffusion of Carbon Dioxide from the blood into the lungs
Human inhale oxygen (O2) from the outside air into the alveoli inside the lung. The lung exchange the oxygen O2 and carbon dioxide(CO2)
Air enters through the nose, mouth, trachea to the bronchial tree.
Distribute to the ALVEOLI (air sacs), where blood brought with OXYGEN molecules.
Amount of OXYGEN from Alveoli into red blood cells depends on pressure gradient.
The process:
Internal Respiration
The processes by which the gases in the air that has already been drawn into the lungs by external respiration are exchanged with gases in the blood/tissues so that carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the blood and replaced with oxygen (O2).
Continue . . . .
Diffussion: gases moves from high pressure
area to lower pressure area. Takes place as long as there is
differential in pressure.
Gases moves = process of diffusion
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The Circulatory System
Function: Carries the blood, transport the oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste product.
*REMEMBER Any change in oxygen levels to the cells
immediately changes the performance of many organs, especially the brain
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Vascular System (blood vessels)
The link between the heart, lungs, brain, and other parts
Function: To maintain blood supply to all tissues of the body
The Circulatory SystemAVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203
The Heart
The heart is an organ
that pumps the blood
through the circulatory
system by contraction
and dilation.
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Other Body System
Musculoskeletal System Consist of bones (skeleton), tendons,
muscles. Body framework Function:
Bones – provide support and protection Muscles – contract and makes skeleton functional
Gastrointestinal (GI) system Function: to digest and provide nutrients and
fluids for metabolism into the tissue cells. E.g. stomach
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Metabolic System: Function: convert resource into
substance, chemicals, and energy. E.g. kidney, liver, bladder
Other Body SystemAVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203
Conclusion
In order to understand how the physiology of flight can affect performance, we must have a basic understanding on how the body work.
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Key Points
Definition of Physiology and Flight Physiology.
Importance of Flight Physiology. Basic Concept of The Nervous
System. Basic Concept of The Respiratory
System. Basic Concept of The Circulatory
System.
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