N P SinghLecture -13: 25.02.15

Nominal

Twocategories

More thantwo categories

Frequency tableProportion (percentage)

Frequency tableCategory proportions

(percentages)Mode

Type of descriptive analysisAnalysis of

Independence

Type ofMeasurement

Type of descriptive analysis

Ordinal Rank orderMedian

Type ofMeasurement

Type of descriptive analysis

Interval Arithmetic mean

Type ofMeasurement

Type of descriptive analysis

RatioIndex numbers

Geometric meanHarmonic mean

A technique for organizing data by groups, categories, or classes, thus facilitating comparisons; a joint frequency distribution of observations on two or more sets of variables

Contingency table- The results of a cross-tabulation of two variables, such as survey questions

Analyze data by groups or categoriesCompare differencesContingency tablePercentage cross-tabulations

TwoTworatingratingscalesscales 4 quadrants4 quadrants

two-dimensionaltwo-dimensionaltabletable Importance-Importance-

PerformancePerformanceAnalysis)Analysis)

Quadrant analysis is a variation of cross-tabulation in which responses to two rating scale questions are plotted in four quadrants of a two-dimensional table.

A common quadrant analysis in business research portrays or plots relationships between average responses about a product attribute’s importance and average ratings of a company’s (or brand’s) performance on that product feature.

Data conversionChanging the original form of the

data to a new formatMore appropriate data analysisNew variables

Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor

Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Strongly Agree/Agree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Disagree/Strongly Disagree

Score or observation recalibrated to indicate how it relates to a base number

CPI - Consumer Price Index

Ordinal dataBrand preferences

Bannerheads for columnsStudheads for rows

Pie chartsLine graphsBar charts

Vertical Horizontal

0102030405060708090

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

EastWestNorth

Bar Graph

643 Netw orking213 print ad179 Online recruitment site112 Placement f irm18 Temporary agency

How did you find your last job?

7006005004003002001000

Netw orking

print ad

Online recruitment site

Placement f irm

Temporary agency

55.2 %

18.3 %

15.4 %

9.6 %

1.5 %

Box and whisker plots Interquartile range - midspreadOutlier

Statistical methods that allow the simultaneous investigation of more than two variables

All multivariatemethods

Are some of thevariables dependent

on others?

Yes No

Dependencemethods

Interdependencemethods

A category of multivariate statistical techniques; dependence methods explain or predict a dependent variable(s) on the basis of two or more independent variables

DependenceMethods

How manyvariables aredependent

One dependentvariable

Severaldependentvariables

Multipleindependent

and dependentvariables

DependenceMethods

How manyvariables aredependent

One dependentvariable

NonmetricMetric

Multiplediscriminant

analysis

Multipleregression

analysis

Metric data is any reading which is at least at an interval scale. As opposed to Non Metric data which can be nominal or ordinal.

Ex: weight, height, distance, revenue, cost etc., all of them are interval scales or above. Hence they are metric data.

DependenceMethods

How manyvariables aredependent

NonmetricMetric

Conjointanalysis

Multivariateanalysis of

variance

Severaldependentvariables

DependenceMethods

How manyvariables aredependent

Multipleindependent

and dependentvariables

Metricor

nonmetric

Canonicalcorrelation

analysis

A category of multivariate statistical techniques; interdependence methods give meaning to a set of variables or seek to group things together

Interdependencemethods

Are inputs metric?

Metric Nonmetric

Metric

Metricmultidimensional

scaling

Clusteranalysis

Factoranalysis

Interdependencemethods

Are inputs metric?

Nonmetric

Nonmetric MDS

Interdependencemethods

Are inputs metric?