Post on 08-Jul-2018
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Information
• Why Do People NeedInformation?
– Individuals - ntertainment andenlightenment
–Businesses - Decision making!pro"lem solving and control
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Data
• Data is nothing "ut the facts and#gures that record meaningfulevents occurring in an $rgani%ation&
• It is a ra' material 'hich can "eanything like alpha"ets! numerals!sym"ols! audio! video or collection ofall
• It can "e de#ned as a facts related topeople! events or things
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Information
• Information can "e de#ned asprocessed data&
• It is a end product 'hich can "eo"tained after themanipulation(processing of data
• Data can "e processed using
various Instructions• Instruction speci#es 'hat must "e
done 'ith data&
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Data vs& Information
– Data• ) *given!+ or fact, a num"er! a statement! or
a picture
• epresents something in the real 'orld
• The ra' materials in the production ofinformation
– Information
• Data that have meaning 'ithin a conte.t
• Data in relationships• Data after manipulation
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• Data /anipulation
–.ample0 customer survey• eading through data collected from a
customer survey 'ith 1uestions in variouscategories 'ould "e time-consuming and notvery helpful&
• When manipulated! the surveys may provideuseful information.
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arac er s cs oInformation
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Information conomics
• Information economics talks a"outthe cost of information i&e&
• 2o' much should an organi%ationspend forInformation?
• 3ost of Information depends upon0
– 2ard'are
– System Design and Implementation3ost
– $perational cost
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Dimensions of Information• Time Dimension
• Timeliness• 4re1uency
• Time Period
• 3ontent Dimension
• )ccuracy
• elevance
• 3ompleteness
• Scope
• 4orm Dimension
• 3larity• Detail
• $rder
• Presentation
• /edia
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Generating Information
Information can "e generated usingInformation Systems
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What Is a System?
– System0 ) set of components that 'orktogether to achieve a common goal
– Su"system0 $ne part of a system 'herethe products of more than one system
are com"ined to reach an ultimate goal – 3losed system0 Stand-alone system that
has no contact 'ith other systems
– $pen system0 System that interfaces
'ith other systems
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• Information System can "e de#ned as theinteraction of man and machine 'hichgather data and process it to produce
information• It may "e referred as Interrelated
components that manage information to0
• Support decision making and control
• 2elp 'ith analysis! visuali%ation! andproduct creation
What Is an InformationWhat Is an Information
System?System?
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Data! Information!an" Systems
Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.
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Systems%
• &'ecuti(e managers)
Strategic "ecisions• *i""+e managers) ,actica+ "ecisions
• -erationa+ managers)
-erationa+ "ecisionsgeare" to/ar" meetingshortterm obecti(es
• onmanagement
/orkers) -ntheob"ecisions
• &'terna+ users)Customers! su+iers!other artners
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• )ctivities in an information system thatproduce information0
• Input
• Processing• $utput
• 4eed"ack
)ctivities of Information)ctivities of Information
System?System?
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DataData and Informationand Information
a' data from a supermarket checkout counter can "e processed and organi%ed to produce meaningful information! suchas the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a speci#c store or salesterritory&
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•Three dimensions ofinformation systems
•$rgani%ations
•People
•Technology
Dimensions of InformationDimensions of Information
SystemsSystems
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• $rgani%ations
• 3oordinate 'ork through structuredhierarchy and "usiness processes
• Business processes0 3e+ate" tasks an"beha(iors for accom+ishing /ork
• &.g. 4u+++ing an or"er
• *ay be informa+ or inc+u"e forma+ ru+es
Dimensions of InformationDimensions of Information
SystemsSystems
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• People• Information systems reuire ski++e" eo+e to
bui+"! maintain! use them
• &m+oyee attitu"es aect abi+ity to use
systems ro"ucti(e+y• ole of managers
• 8ercei(e business cha++enges
• Set organi9ationa+ strategy
• :++ocate human an" nancia+ resources
• Creati(e /ork) e/ ro"ucts! ser(ices
Dimensions of InformationDimensions of Information
SystemsSystems
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• Technology
• IT Infrastructure0 4oundation orplatform that information systems "uilt
on• Comuter har"/are
• Comuter soft/are
• Data management techno+ogy
• et/orking an" te+ecommunicationstechno+ogy
• Internet an" #eb! e'tranets! intranets
• ;oice! (i"eo communications
Dimensions of InformationDimensions of Information
SystemsSystems
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,yes of Information System
• ,ransaction 8rocessing System
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->ce :utomation System• $ce
automation har"/are! soft/are! an" other
resources are use" to faci+itatecommunications an" enhance ro"ucti(ity – Document rocessing systems) Create!
"istribute! store! an" manage "ocuments
– Document management systems
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,ransaction 8rocessing System
• ,ransaction rocessing system)8rocesses an" recor"s "ata create"by an organi9ation?s business
transactions
– $sua++y rocesse" inrea+ time
– Secia+ty systems use"
in +a/ enforcement!the mi+itary! etc.
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,yes of ,8S
– -r"er entry systems
• &commerce systems
• 8ointofsa+e
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system
–) system that provides decisionmakers 'ith preselected information
• =sually provides information in the formof computer-generated reports
– Detailed! summary! e.ception
• /uch of the time! this information isgenerated from data o"tained fromtransaction processing
• /ost fre1uently used to makemoderately structured! middle-management decisions
Systems
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Systems
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2@
Decision suort system
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A0
Decision Suort Systems
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A1
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A2
Systems
t
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AA
systems• Systems designed to 'ork together
throughout an enterprise
– lectronic data interchange >DI0Transfers data "et'een di@erentcompanies using the Internet or anothernet'ork
• $ften used to automate reordering materialsand products
– nterprise resource planning >P0Aarge integrated system that ties
together all of a "usinesss activities• nterprise application integration >)I0
.changing information from an P or otherinternal system among di@erent applicationsand organi%ations
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–3ustomer relationshipmanagement >3/0 Designed
to "uild and manage goodrelationships 'ith customers
• $ften implemented via the We"today >e3/
A
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A5
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A6
System
management >PA/0
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A7
management >PA/0
–$rgani%es and correlates all
information a"out a product tohelp companies improve productsand "etter track costs and pro#ts
• /anages the product as it movesfrom design to retirement
• 2elps companies0
–Improve products
–3reate and manage production
–Eet more products on the market more1uickly
–Increase pro#ts
systems
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AB
systems• $se comuters to automate the
"esign or manufacturing rocess – Comuterai"e" "esign
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A@
system
• ) system in 'hich a computer
performs in 'ays that 'ould "econsidered intelligent ifo"served in humans
•Initial advances in )I made throughchess-playing programs
Systems
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0
Systems• .pert system0 Provides the type of advice
that 'ould "e e.pected from a human e.pert
– Fno'ledge "ase0 Data"ase containing factsprovided "y human e.perts and rules the systemshould use to make decisions "ased on those facts
– Inference engine0 Program that applies the rulesto the data stored in the kno'ledge "ase! in order
to reach decisions
– Is only as good as the kno'ledge "ase andinference engine, also needs honest! correctinformation from the user in order to 'orkcorrectly
:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems
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1
:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems
:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems
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:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems• Neural net'ork0 ) system in 'hich the
human "rains pattern-recognition process
is emulated "y the computer system – =sed in0
• 2and'riting! speech! and image recognition
• Eeographical mapping
•/edical imaging• 3rime analysis
• Biometric identi#cation
• Gision systems >1ualitychecks in manufacturing!recogni%ing postagestamps! etc&
:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems
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A
:rticia+ Inte++igence Systems• o"otics0 The study of ro"ot technology• o"ot0 ) device! controlled "y a human
operator or a computer! that can move andreact to sensory input
• o"ots are used in situations0 – That are dangerous or impossi"le for people to
perform
• Defusing "om"s! mining! ocean e.ploration! etc& – Where immense precision is needed
• o"ot-assisted surgery
– To perform monotonous tasks• Welding! riveting! painting! etc&
– To assist individuals• Personal ro"ots! e.oskeleton suit! etc&
3obots
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3obots
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,echno+ogy in anking
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,echno+ogy in anking
Information systems are no/e'ose" to a number of techno+ogyro"ucts +ike )
9;
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et anking
*obi+e anking
9H
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Shoing
,icket booking
9
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i++ 8ayment
4un" ,ransfer
9J
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:utomate" ,e++er *achines
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,echno+ogy Commencement in
anking • In 70?s! banks starte" to estab+ish centra+i9e" "ata
rocessing centers.
• &ssentia++y the ro+es of these "ata rocessingcenters are)
– co++ect the han"/ritten "ocuments frombranches
– comi+e the "ocuments
– manua+ "ata entry by the oerators
– generate reorts for the bank sta an" thecentra+ bank
– e'ecute some banking transactions
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ranch :utomation
• In B0?s! banks starte" techno+ogyin(estments for the branches.
• ,he rst ste is oine branches.• ,ermina+s connecte" to +oca+ branchcomuter
• Secon" ste is on+ine branches connecte"
centra++y. *ost of the transactions starte"to be erforme" in the centra+ mainframe.
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8ro"uct ase" anking
• In the mi"1@B0s! banks accete" ro"uct base"banking an" comete" /ith their ro"ucts.
• anks "e(e+oe" ne/ ro"ucts for their customers.
– Cre"it car"
– Cre"it "eosit account
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8+astic Car"s
• ,he +astic car" usage gro/n enormous+y in +ast 2"eca"e.
• 8+astic car" became the main me"ia for bankcustomers.
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:,*
• In the mi"1@B0s! that cash "isensers tru+ybecame a /or+"/i"e henomenon.
• o/! :,* became the e+ectronic face ofbanking for most customers.
• esi"e cash /ith"ra/a+! there e'ist (arioustransaction otions from transfer to fun"buyingEse++ing.
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8oint -f Sa+e
• e/ habits in shoing
• Increase" the use of +astic car"s
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:,* an" 8-S :+ication :rchitecture
Creit Car
!uthori"ation
#ebit Car
!uthori"ation
S$itch
System
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I;3
• Interacti(e ;oice 3esonse
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anking :+ication :rchitecture
%oans&Creits
F' (mport ) *+port
#eposit
,-###/F0S Securities
romissoryotes
erchantChe4ues0S *F-
#!%
0atch 5perations
!-
5S
-eletel
-elerom
-eller ,0ranch/
(nternet 0anking
hone 0anking
(nternet Shopping
CCampaign
anagement
Creit isk
anagementrouctivity
C(F rouct Factoryort7olio
anagement
(
F
5
C
*
-
*
Sales SupportSystem
90 :aymentsCS -reasury
Relationship Management
D e l i v e r y S e r v i c e s
Management & Control
eporting
I n f o r m a t i o n D e l i v e r y
Settlement
;% ) !ccounting
Corporate -ables
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Data #arehouse
• &+ectronic reositories of summari9e" historica+ "ata
• ,he main i"ea behin" "ata /arehouse is get a++comany "ata /orking together so users can seemore!+earn more! an" make the organi9ation /ork
better• Data #arehouse he+s users to i"entify tren"s! n"
ans/ers to business uestions an" "eri(e meaningfrom historica+ an" oerationa+ "ata.
• Data access is easier an" +ess cost+y• Decision suort so+utions run faster an" are more
accurate.
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Data #arehouse 8rocess
Design Transform Extract Deliver
Transaction
Data
Extraction
Data
Scrubbing and
Cleansing
oad!
index and
"ggregate
#ublish
and
Subscribe
Data
Mapping
Data
Replication
Data $istories
and
Summaries
Data
"ccess
Tools
Integrated Data %arehouse Infrastructure
#artial
Solution
s
ife
Cycle
Complete
Integrate
d
Solution
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C3*
• C3* is an integrate" sa+es! marketing an" ser(icestrategy
• C3* goa+s are )
– $se e'isting re+ationshis to gro/ re(enue
– $se integrate" information for e'ce++ent ser(ice
– Intro"uce more reeatab+e sa+es rocesses an"roce"ures
– Create ne/ (a+ue an" +oya+ty – Im+ement a more roacti(e so+ution strategy
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,he ,hree 8hases of C3*
"cuire
'e(
Customer
Retain
#rofitable
Customer
Enhance
The
#rofitabilityof Existing
Customer
"daptibility
•%istening•e$ proucts
Differentiation
•(nnovation
•Convenience)undling
•euce Cost•Customer
service
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Integrate" C3* :+ications
Sales *orce
"utomation
Integrated CRM "pplications
#artial
*unction
al
Solutions
ife
Cycle
Complete
Integrate
d
Solution
"cuire Enhance Retain
Direct
Mar+eting
Cross Sell
and ,pSell
#roactive
Service
Customer Support
:+ternati(e De+i(ery
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:+ternati(e De+i(eryChanne+s
:nytime! any/here banking
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,e+ehone anking
• 7'2 banking through the hone
• *ain comonents
– S/itch
– I;3
– C,I
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,e+ehone ankingInfrastructure
Teleco
m
(= C-( :5S-
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Internet anking
Sample (nternet 0anking !rchitecture
• ore an more banks are coming to reali"e that internet is a part o7 banks>
alternative elivery channel strategies activities concentrate in the business?
to?consumer segment 7ocuse on retaining clients
• (n (nternet banking security is a primary concern. Security concerns have
been aresse 7rom every angle $ithin the architecture o7 the (nternet
banking application.
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*obi+e anking
• Current *obi+e anking :+ications)
– S*S anking
– #:8 anking
– S,
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S*S anking
• asic banking inuiry transactions
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#:8 anking
• #ire+ess a+ication rotoco+
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SI* ,oo+kit
• SI* car" enab+es to kee an" +oa" "ierent a+ications.
• SI* :+ication ,oo+kit has been agree" as a GS* stan"ar"
• SI* :+ication ,oo+kit is in"een"ent of honemanufacturers an" "esigns.
• S( !pplication -oolkit allo$s the 7le+ibility to upate the S( to alterthe services an o$nloa ne$ services over the air
• SI* :+ication ,oo+kit is "esigne" as a c+ientser(era+ication. -n the ser(er si"e! SimCar" +atform an" thec+ient si"e! hone that suorts the S( !pplication -oolkit
• (n the near 7uture banks $ill start to o77er banking transactions in
this plat7orm.
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,e+e(ision anking
• Digita+ te+e(ision
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Channe+ Costs
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Channe+ Integration &(o+ution
• Channe+ Integration e(o+ution – 3euse
– &>ciencies of Sca+e
– 3e"uction of 3e"un"ancies
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,he 3o+e of anks in the e/ &conomy
• Internet an" mobi+e "e(ices ha(e brought ne/ru+es to economy an" shae" the /ay to "obusiness
• anks has a+so e(o+(e" accor"ing to the ne/
economy an" took their +aces in this ne/ /or+"to a"" (a+ue to their customer
• ,he ne/ /ays to "o business are )
– ecommerce
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&commerce 2C
• &commerce is the buying an" se++ing of goo"s an" ser(iceson the Internet.
• *ain feature of ecommerce
– 2hour a(ai+abi+ity
– a g+oba+ reach – the abi+ity to interact
– ro(i"e custom information an" or"ering
– an" mu+time"ia rosects!
• ,he #eb is rai"+y becoming a mu+tibi++ion "o++ar source ofre(enue for the /or+"Ks businesses.
• anks ro(i"e secure ayments infrastructure (irtua+ 8-S
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*commerce
• *obi+e commerce a+ications in(o+(e using amobi+e hone to carry out nancia+ transactionsthis usua++y means making a ayment for goo"sor transferring fun"s e+ectronica++y.
• :s content "e+i(ery o(er /ire+ess "e(icesbecomes faster! more secure! an" sca+ab+e! thereis /i"e secu+ation that mcommerce /i++ surass/ire+ine ecommerce as the metho" of choice for
"igita+ commerce transactions.
2
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2
• : housan"s of comanies that se++ ro"ucts to othercomanies ha(e "isco(ere" that the #eb ro(i"es not on+ya 2houra"ay sho/case for their ro"ucts but a uick /ayto reach the right eo+e in a comany for moreinformation.
• In the 2! the bank ro+e is to ro(i"e a re+iab+e aymentinfrastructure that a"" (a+ue to cororate business
• ,his infrastructure shou+" co(er)
– i++ resentment
– i++ ayment – Dierent ayment tyes
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&Security
• ,o imro(e the ebusiness! a++ the users shou+" fee+ secure toerform the transaction this en(ironment
• ,he main concets in esecurity are)
– 8I
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&Security continue"
– Digita+ certicate is an e+ectronic Lcre"it car"L that estab+ishes yourcre"entia+s /hen "oing business or other transactions on the #eb. It isissue" by a certication authority
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