Post on 18-Jul-2015
Introduction to
ASP.NET
OS-Independent Code: Intermediate Languages
The trend to support OS-independent binary code is to compile the source code into the binary format of an intermediate language.
And to provide an interpreter for the intermediate language on each OS to translate the binary code of the intermediate language into the native binary code of the OS.
OS-Independent Compilation: Intermediate Language
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
Intermediate Binary Code
OS1
Intermediate Code Interpreter OS1
OS2
Language 1 Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1
Intermediate Code Interpreter OS2
.NET OS-Platform-Independence
MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
MSIL Code
OS1
MSIL JIT Compiler on OS1
OS2
Language 1 Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1
MSIL JIT Compiler on OS2
The Programming Language for .NET: C#
C#:
(0) C^+^2n; n = 0, 1, 2, => C, C++, C#
(1) The most advanced programming language to date
(3) OOP (Object-oriented Programming)
(4) EDP (Event Driven Programming)
(5) Dynamic type generation
(6) Platform-independent?: Code runs on any platform with .NET runtime
(7) Visual Studio
A Common Language?
.NET Common Language Runtime
To make .NET language independent, CLR (Common Language Runtime) is defined as the runtime environment.
CLR defines CTS (Common Type System) which should be followed by all languages to be used in the .NET framework.
Syntax: int, for, ..
Semantics: multiple inheritance is not allowed in CTS
The code that follows CTS standard is called managed code.
regular C++ supports multiple inheritance
managed C++ does not support multiple inheritance
.NET Language-Independence
CLR: Common Language Runtime
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)
OS1
CLR on OS1
OS2
Language 2 Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1
CLR on OS2
Source Code for Language 2
.NET Architecture for Language and Platform Independence(fan-in and fan-out on MSIL)
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
OS1
CLR on OS1
OS2
Language 2 Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1
CLR on OS2
Source Code for Language 2
MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)
CLI (Common Language Infrastructure)
CLR/CTS for Everyone?
CLI : Common Language Infrastructure
A specification defines an environment for multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms.
Created by Microsoft based on .NET, standardized by MS, Intel, HP and others, ratified by ECMA and ISO.
.NET is an implementation of CLI for desktop systems.
.NET Compact Framework is an implementation of CLI for portable devices.
Open Source implementations: Mono development platform (Novell), Portable .NET (dotGNU)
CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) SpecificationOpen Architecture for Language and Platform Independent Programming
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
OS1
CLR for OS1
OS2
Language 2 Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS2Binary Code for OS1
CLR for OS2
Source Code for Language 2
CIL (Common Intermediate Language) Code
Confirming CTS (Common Type System)
Even though, CLI/CTS/CLR can make a program written in any language to run on any platform, the entire program (including all libraries used) has to be on the platform before running.
Can we have part of a program on one computer and another part of the same program on another computer?
Distributed Computing. A program is divided into multiple parts and different parts are distribute on different computers.
e.g. virtual surgery.
Web Enabled & Distributed
.NET
What is .NET?
.Net is a framework for developing OS-platform-independent, programming- language-independent, web-enabled, distributed applications.
.Net is Web-enabled and Distributed
To run distributed code on the web, we need a standard way to register the code and a standard way to access the code.
Registration:
UDDI Registry: Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration.
Access:
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol
WSDL: Web Service Description Language
.NET Architecture for Web-based Distributed Computing
Client 1
Client 2
Web Service 1
UDDI Registry 1
WSDL Interface 1
UDDI Registry 2
Web Service 2 WSDL Interface 2
SOAP
SOAP
WEB
.NET Framework Composition
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework
.NET Framework Compositions
Common Language Runtime (CLR ): provides the runtime environment for MSIL code.
Framework Class Library (FCL) : provides standard libraries for developing common .Net applications.
.NET runtime environment comes with Windows
.NET development environment comes with Visual Studio
OS
Web Services
Distributed
Applications
Common Language Runtime
.Net Framework Class Library
Browser
Accessible
Remote Applications
(ASP.NET)
Other Applications
(Mobile, …)
Local
Applications
(Windows Forms or Console
Applications)
.NET Application Types
.Net Framework Class Library
System
Windows
Forms
(GUI)
Web Data
(Database)
Enterprise Services
XML
(Data Description)
String,
…
UI ServicesConnection
DataSet XmlDocument
Language Integrated Query,
Windows Presentation Foundation,
Windows Communication Foundation, …
.NET Enterprise Servers
Internet Information Services (IIS): web server
Commerce Server: e-commerce server
SQL Server: database server
Exchange Server: MS exchange services
Mobile Information Server: wireless server
Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server:
firewall, proxy, …
BizTalk: B2B (Business-to-Business) server
History: .Net & COM : Code Reuse
MFC: Microsoft Foundation Class, code reuse within an application (process)
COM: Component Object Model, code reuse across applications (processes)
DCOM: Distributed COM, code reuse across systems
COM+: Internet-based Enterprise COM, code reuse across the Internet
.NET: COM+ 2.0, all COM+ services are available in .NET, even those not in managed code, interoperable with COM-based applications
Latest .NET Framework
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/aa496123
Current version: framework 4.5 (08/2012)
Framework 4.5 for Windows 8.
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) support in 4.5 on Windows 8 in addition to x86
SIMD (single instruction, multiple data), multi and many core processors (GPUs). Some support through Direct3D. No support yet for SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions to x86)