LE1-C5S9T1 pg388-393 The Four Life Saving Steps

Purpose

This lesson introduces you to lifesaving techniques for emergency situations.

1. Describe how to perform rescue breathing.

2. Explain how CPR can keep a victim’s heart and brain alive.

3. Identify the steps for performing the Heimlich Maneuver.

CPS Key Word Questions (1-3)

Rescue Breathing

Heart Attack

Cardiac Arrest

_______________ - mouth to mouth resuscitation.

___________ - when the blood to part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped.

____________ - when the heart stops beating.

CPS Lesson Questions (1-2)

Which sentence best describes your knowledge of the Four Life Saving Steps?

A.I don’t know anything about it (yet).B.I have heard of it, but don’t know the steps.C.I have taken a life saving class before.D.I am certified by the American Red Cross.

True or False:In most emergencies people remain calm and think clearly.

A. True B. False

Think about your knowledge of the

four life saving steps.

List 2-3 ways in which you could assist during an emergency.

(Use CPS “Pick a Student” for this question.)

In emergencies people involved find it difficult to

remain calm and think clearly. In the midst of this confusion remind yourself of

the first and most important problems to check for;

A = Airway: Is the airway blocked?

B = Breathing: Is the victim breathing?

C = Circulation: Is the victim’s heart beating?

Choking occurs when a person inhales something into the airway leading to the lungs, blocking the airway, and preventing breathing.

In an accident, injured people may choke on dirt, broken teeth or dentures.

The first procedure to learn is the Heimlich Maneuver.

Stand behind the victim. Place the thumb side of

the fist against the victim’s abdomen.

Give 6-10 quick backward and upward thrust.

Repeat until the airway is clear.

For an overweight person or pregnant woman use the same procedure except place the fist in the middle of the breastbone.

If you are the victim and no one is around to help use a chair or railing and thrust yourself.

Kneel astride the victims thighs. Place the heel of one hand against the victim’s abdomen.

Place your other hand on top of your first hand and press into the abdomen with a quick forward and upward thrust. Repeat this 6-10 times.

Sweep out foreign matter using a hooked finger.

If the person is obese or pregnant:

Kneel to the side of the victim. Place the heel of the hand 2 fingers widths above

the notch of the breastbone and place the other hand over the first interlocking the fingers.

Position your shoulders over your hands and with the elbows locked, press down 1 ½ to 2 inches 6-10 times.

If you discover a victim who is not breathing , it is

necessary to start breathing for the victim by forcing oxygen into his or her lungs as soon as possible.

This process called rescue breathing or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, can prevent brain damage and death.

The following steps describe how to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to adults.

With the victim facing

up, open the mouth and check to see if it is clear. Use the hooked finger, to sweep anything you find.

Tilt the victim’s head back sharply by pressing down on the forehead and lifting on the jaw.

Keeping the victim’s head

tilted sharply back, pinch the nose closed, cover the victim’s mouth completely with your mouth and give 2 full breaths.

Each breath should last 1 to 1 ½ seconds. Pause to let the air come out.

After two breathes, listen

and feel for breathing by placing your cheek close to the victim’s mouth.

At the same time, check the victim’s pulse by placing two fingers in the groove of the neck next to the Adams’s apple.

If there is no pulse, start CPR immediately.

If there is a pulse but no breathing continue mouth-to-mouth resuscitation at the rate of 1 breath every 5 seconds or 12 times per minute.

If the victim starts breathing stop mouth-to-mouth.

CPS Lesson Question (3)

When providing a rescue breathe to restore a victim’s breathing how long should each breath last?

A. 1 secondB. 1-1 ½ secondsC. 1-2 secondsD. 2 seconds

CPR is a first aid procedure performed to restore breathing and heartbeat.

It is a combination of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and a procedure known as closed chest heart massage.

Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation supplies oxygen to the lungs, while the closed chest heart massage manually pumps blood through the victim’s body, circulating it to the heart and brain.

CPR can be performed by a single rescuer or by more

than one rescuer, since CPR can be tiring and is easier if two rescuers are available.

Before you begin CPR you should turn the victim face up, clear the airway, give two full breaths, and check for a pulse.

Only proceed if there is not pulse, and therefore, no heartbeat present.

With the middle and index fingers of the hand nearest the victim’s legs locate the lower edge of the rib cage on the side of the victim’s chest closet to you.

Slide your fingers up the edge of the rib cage to the notch at the lower end of the breastbone. Place your middle finger in the notch and the index finger next to it, on the lower end of the breastbone.

Place the heel of the hand nearest the victim’s head on the breastbone next to the index finger of the hand used to find the notch.

Place the heel of the hand used to fine the notch directly on top of the heel of the other hand.

Position your shoulders over hands, with elbows locked and arms straight.

Press down on the breastbone 1 ½ -2 inches.

Count aloud “one and two and three…” until you get to 15.

After the 15th compression, give two the victim two full breathes.

When you complete four cycles of 15 chest compressions and 2 breathes check for a pulse.

If there is no pulse continue CPR.

Place your hand closest to the infant’s head on the forehead and leave it there throughout the CPR.

Place your middle and ring fingers of the other hand on the breastbone.

Give 5 compressions with the 2 fingers at a rapid pace, pushing the chest down about ½ - 1 inch.

Follow the 5 compression with 1 breath step as described in mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Repeat the 5 to 1 step 20 times a minute until breathing and heartbeat resume.

Measure 2 fingers widths above the ribcage with the

hand closet to the child’s head. Place the heel of the other hand on the breastbone above the 2 fingers.

Place the other hand on the child’s forehead during CPR.

Using the heel of the hand and fingers off the chest give 5 compressions 1-1 ½ inches deep to 1 breath.

Repeat 12 times a minute until breathing and heartbeat resume.

CPS Lesson Question (3)

Which first aid procedure combines mouth-to mouth resuscitation and closed chest heart massage?

A. Heimlich ManeuverB. Rescue BreathingC. Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationD. Automated External Defibrillator

A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped.

Common signs and symptoms: Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or

pain in the center of the chest that last for a few minutes or goes away and comes back

Pain spreading in the shoulders, neck or arms. Chest discomfort with lightheadedness, fainting,

sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath.

When a person’s heart stops beating, the

victim is said to be in cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can keep

the individual alive. If a person has a heart attack, call EMS. Monitor the ABC’s and give CPR as necessary.

A stroke occurs when blood vessels that deliver oxygen rich blood to the brain ruptures or when a blood clot forms and blocks the flow of blood in the brain.

Common signs and symptoms of a stoke include:• Paralysis on one side of the body• Blurred or decreased vision• Problems speaking, slurred speech• Difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness• Mental confusion, dizziness or loss of balance• Sudden, severe, or unexplained headache• Call EMS, lay victim on their side, cover with a blanket

The AED is a device that uses a computer chip to analyze the heart rhythm and determines whether a shock is needed.

This device allows victims suffering a sudden cardiac arrest a greatly improved chance of survival.

CPS Lesson Question (4)

When a person is complaining of painspreading to the shoulders, neck or armsthey could be experiencing this.

A. Cardiac ArrestB. A Heart AttackC. A StrokeD. Shock

List 2-3 common signs and symptoms of a stroke victim.

(Use CPS “Pick a Student” for this question.)

Images in this lesson were taken from:

Microsoft© Clip Art Gallery Marine Corps Combat Camera MCJROTC Student Text