Large Animal Surgery

Dental SxTrephination

Amy FayetteNovember 2005

What does this pic represent

• Curve of spee

What is the curve of spee

• The natural slope of the equine dentition

What is the accentuated curve of spee

Are foals born with incisors

• No

When do the incisors come in

• 6 days• 6 weeks• 6 months

When are the incisiors replaced

• 2.5 years• 3.5 years• 4.5 years

How long does it take for a tooth to grow to its full size

• 6 months

How deep are the cups in the teeth

• 6 mm

How many mm are worn off each year

• 2 mm

Are foals born with premolars

• Yes

When are the premolars replaced

• 1st is wolf tooth• 2nd PM: 2 years• 3rd PM: 3 years• 4th PM: 4 years

Are foals born with molars

• No

When do the molars come in

• 1 year• 2 years• 3 years

When are the molars replaced

• They aren’t replaced

How do horses usually grind their food

• Side to side motion of the teeth

What is this called

• Enamel points

Where are enamels points

• Buccal side of maxillary teeth• Lingual side of mandibular teeth

What is floating

• Removing the enamel points

What is this instrument

• Swale’s mouth gag

What is this instrument

• Hausmann mouth gag

What is this instrument

• Speculum

Before floating what should you do

• Look at the teeth and palpate

What is the arrow pointing to

• Hook

What is the arrow pointing to

• Ramp

What procedure is being done here

• Creating bit seats

What are bit seats, what is the function

• Rounding of PM 2 so that if the tongue gets stuck between the teeth and bit it can slip out

What instrument is this

• Tooth cutter

What is wrong with this horse

• Wave mouth

What is wrong with this horse

• Wave mouth and ramps

What is wrong with this horse

• Sheer mouth

What is sheer mouth

• Very severe enamel points

What is this3 year old Arabian gelding

• Retained premolar caps

How do you treat retained premolar caps

• Pull off (screwdriver)

What is this instrument

• Molar forceps

What are the options when removing cheek teeth

• Standing• Repulsion under GA

– Trephination– Sinusotomy– Buccotomy

How do you decide when to use general anesthesia

• Give yourself 15-20 minutes to get it out standing then use GA

What is wrong with this horse

• Diastemma

What is diastema

• A space between teeth in the same dental arch

What are the steps in tooth extraction

• Separate gingiva from tooth• Loosen teeth• Wiggle tooth with a side to side

movement• Extract using a fulcrum• Fill alveolus with PMMA or plaster

of paris

What is the benefit of using plaster of paris instead of PMMA

• PMMA has to be removed, plaster of paris will dissolve on its own

What is this instrument

• Trephine

What is wrong with this horse

• Draining tract at the base of the ear

• Dentigerous cyst

What is a dentigerous cyst

• Dental remnants

What is the treatment for a dentigerous cyst

• Complete surgical excision

What is the prognosis for a dentigerous cyst

• Excellent

What are the landmarks for trephination

• Half way on an imaginary line from the cranial edge of the facial crest to the medial canthus of the eye

• 1 cm ventrally from that line