Clauses: Kinds and TypesCoordination and

Subordination

Language Network Pg. 92

Independent Clause – Contains a subject, a verb, conveys a complete thought, and is also know as a complete sentence

Subordinate Clause - Contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought.

Kinds of Clauses

Adjective Clause – is a subordinate clause used as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun

Adverb Clause – is a subordinate clause used as an adverb to modify an adjective, adverb, or a verb

Noun Clause – is a subordinate clause used as a noun.

Types of Clauses

Coordination is used to join two independent clauses together.

The sentences are joined with a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) + a comma.

Coordination

Two independent clauses: The Daily Show is popular. It is more entertaining than reality.

Joined through coordination: The Daily Show is popular, and it is more entertaining than reality.

Examples

A subordinate clause (dependant clause) contains a subject and a verb, but does not express a complete thought.

Like coordination, subordination is a way to join short sentences with related ideas into a longer, more sophisticated sentence.

Subordination

Subordinate clause: because he was accepted into the Officer Training Program

*If we left that sentence alone, it would be called a fragment. Why?

We will join this subordinate clause to an independent clause to make it a complete thought. We join subordinate clauses with subordinating conjunctions!

Examples

Example: Patti is proud of her son because he was accepted into the Officer Training Program

Subordinating conjunctions: After, Although, As, Because, Before, Until, When, Where, While, Since, and there are others.

Example and Subordinating Conjunctions

When a subordinate clause ends the sentence, it usually does not need to be preceded by a comma (,).

You can also put a subordinating conjunction and a subordinating clause at the beginning of a new sentence. When the dependant clause comes first, use a comma to separate it from the rest of the sentence.

Where does the subordinating clause go in a sentence?

When I eat out, I usually have steak. Identify the subordinating

conjunction, subordinating clause, and the independent clause.

Example

When (Subordinating conjunction) I eat out (Subordinating clause) I usually eat steak. (Independent

clause)

Who are my winners?

Answers…

Using subordination creates variety in your sentence structure, and gives your writing style.

Why do we need to know this?

You can use a prepositional phrase, infinitive

phrase, participle phrase, and a gerund phrase to start any sentence!

Prepositional phrase: Through the woods Infinitive phrase (to + a verb) To win is my

passion Participle phrase: The screaming goat was

caught in the fence. Gerund phrase: Swimming is my worst fear Appositive Phrase: Sharon, my friend.

There are other ways to create variety

Adjectives tell: which one, how many, how much, or what kind

A subordinate clause that is used to modify a noun or pronoun.

Words that introduce adjective clauses: who, whom, whose, that, which, when, where, why.

Essential and nonessential adjective clauses:

“That” is used to introduce an essential clause (No comma)

“Which” is used to introduce a nonessential clause. (Comma)

Adjective Clauses

Adverbs tell: where, why, how, when, or to what degree something was done

A subordinate clause used to modify a verb, adjective or adverb

Subordinative conjunctions are used to introduce an adverb clause. Look on pg. 96 at the table for examples.

Adverb Clauses

On pg. 97, 1-10 A. Write the adjective or adverb clause and the word those modify. Example: 1. Who have family trees / ones

Classwork: