LANGUAGELaylan

TOPONYMS Toponyms: Place names

4 types Changing : show power to wipe out past. Post Colonial: Arise when there is a change of

power; African colonies Post Revolution: When there is a power

change through coups and revolutions; Belgian Congo, Zaire, Democratic republic of the Congo

Memorial: Change names in remembrance of an important person or event, MLK streets around the USA.

CHANGING TOPONYMS

This picture represents the attempt of the welsh people to save and display their language. They created an incredibly long word that only the majority of Welsh people can pronounce.

POST-COLONIALThis picture shows the naming of Africa during European imperialism. No regard is given to ethnic or language barriers, a direct cause of present African tension and genocide.

POST COLONIALThis map is of a more modern Africa with more attention to different culture traits.Many of the toponyms have changed from the colonization time period.

POST-REVOLUTION

The whole colored region used to be the USSR, but then was broken up into the Slavic nations and Russia, showing the name change with the power transfer.

MEMORIAL

This street is a memorial toponym because it bears the name of an influential Pakistani man in Germany

COMMODIFICATION Popular culture has created the need for

people to give “brand names” to areas to basically make money The belief is that the familiarity of the brand

name will boost sales, people want to go to a tourist destinations. McDonald's, Disney World, Starbucks, and Wal-mart

outside the USA are all examples of Commodification

COMMODIFICATION- DISNEY WORLD USA

Disney world is shown here in its idealistic form, the castle and full of excited happy tourists.

COMMODIFICATION- DISNEY WORLD PARIS

No real difference lies between that of Disney world in Paris and USA, this shows an important aspect of commodification: Stereotyping.

HOW DO LANGUAGES DIFFUSE?

No one knows how exactly languages diffused, but many people trace it from one of the 3 language hearths to Europe.

HOW DO LANGUAGES DIFFUSE?

3 Hearths Anatolian Fertile crescent-

Eastern and Western Arcs

Fertile crescent

Anatolian

WHAT STARTED IT ALL? The

language family that has the most broad range of speakers is the Proto-Indo-European Language

WHAT STARTED IT ALL? The divergence of languages can be

attributed to sound shifts, Slight changes in the pronunciation of words that can, over time, cause them to create entirely new languages.

HOW DID THEY ACTUALLY DIFFUSE? There are several theories on how the

languages actually diffused. Conquest theory Dispersal Hypothesis Agricultural

CONQUEST THEORY

First speakers of the P-I-E language spread from their hearth, spreading their language to the people they overtook

DISPERSAL HYPOTHESIS The P-I-E

language was carried from its hearth to SW Asia, Caspian Sea, then across south eastern Russia to Southern Europe.

AGRICULTURAL HYPOTHESIS The P-I-E language

diffused westward through Europe along with farming/

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER MAIN LANGUAGES OF EUROPE? The major language sub-families are

Romance , Germanic, and Slavic

ROMANCE LANGUAGES Languages

of the Old Roman empire

GERMANIC Are mostly around the outskirts of the roman

empire. English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and

Swedish are all examples.