Post on 23-Mar-2020
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 1/30
Land Cover Land Use Change Research in Korea
(Land Monitoring Research Project)
2009. 1. 13
Kyu-Sung Lee
Inha UniversityLand Monitoring Research Center (LMRC)
Incheon, KOREA
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 2/30
Land use in Korea
category South North KoreaLand use (km2)
• Forest
• Cropland
• Other
99,392
65,711(66.8%)
21,248(21.4%)
12,433(12.5%)
122,762
94,772(77.2%)
21,238(17.3%)
6,752(5.5%)
222,154
160,483(72.2%)
42,486(19.1%)
19,185(8.6%)
Population(% in urban)
48.4 mil.81%
23.9 mil.63%
72.2 mil.75%
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 3/30
Land use change
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 4/30
LCLUC in Korea
high demand for urban and industrial uses gradual decrease in cropland and forest large scale land reclamation on tidal flat recent increase of natural disasters (flooding, fire) don’t know much about the status in North Korea
1992 1999
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 5/30
6400
6410
6420
6430
6440
6450
6460
are
a (
10
00
ha
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Minimal change rate, but gradual decrease - urbanization- industrial use- transportation, reservoir- recreational use (golf course) etc…
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
1) Forest & Cropland
Forest Crop land
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 6/30
Increasing disasters- forest fire- flooding- drought- forest insect & disease- landslide
1) Forest & Cropland
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 7/30
• NDVI monitoring• Vegetation health (insect, disease, pollution)• Primary productivity• Diversity• etc…
1) Forest & Cropland
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 8/30
2) Tidal flat (Kyongki Bay )
large scale land reclamation. crop land. Residential. Transportation. industrial complex. etc…
1992
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 9/30
year area%
(1973년기준)1973 1080.37 ㎢ 100.00 %
1979 995.35 ㎢ 92.13 %1986 950.86 ㎢ 88.01 %1991 883.02 ㎢ 81.73 %1999 712.72 ㎢ 65.97 %
2) Tidal flat (Kyongki Bay )
direct factor. tidal movement. reclamation
consequences of inlandland use change
. sediment loading
. development
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 10/30
3) Deforestation in North Korea
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 11/30
3) Deforestation in North Korea
Food shortage
Erosion & flooding
Forest to cropland
Lowproductivity
Overexploitation of
mountainous forests
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 12/30
1973 1984 1993
3) Deforestation in North Korea
1973 1984 19933,733.7 3,638.6 3,246.8
Conversion of forest to crop land (13% decrease)
(km2)
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 13/30
Between 2000 KOMPSAT image and 1981 forest map
2000 KOMPSAT EOCDigitized 1981 vector map showing forest boundary
3) Deforestation in North Korea
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 14/30
Deforestation near Kaesung Area
About 20% of forest land were cleared since 1981
two types of deforestation – Urban expansion– Enlargement for the
crop cultivation
3) Deforestation in North Korea
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 15/30
- 250 x 4 km2 buffer zone- No(?) human interference after Korean War- high biodiversity- natural conversion of cropland to others
forest (75.5%)crop ( 2.8%)grass (20.3%)bare soil ( 0.1%)water ( 0.2%)
4) DMZ
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 16/30
Land Monitoring R&D Project
• Government supported R&D project• 2008 ~ 2011• More than 10 million US$• about 200 people
• 15 universities• 8 research organizations• 7 companies
• Land Monitoring Research Center (LMRC) was established at the Inha University
• Continuous & Real-time monitoring methodology
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 17/30
Background of the Land Monitoring Project
Need for comprehensive information sources for land monitoring
• Periodic and near-real time monitoring information
• Combining diverse sources of land monitoring data
Improvement in remote- and in-situ sensing technologies• Earth Observation Satellites (KOMPSAT series)• New airborne sensors • Development of in-situ Sensors• high speed communication technologies
• Integration of remote- and in-situ sensing data
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 18/30
Localization of MODIS Products
Existing MODIS receiving stations Near real-time automatic image transmission thru high-speed network
(KREONet) Image receiving on FTP data server within 30 min. Automatic data processing of level 2.0 & monitoring algorithms
- Storage(6TByte)- Server(dual Xeon Quad-Core CPU)
Database Server
- Server (dual Xeon Quad-Core CPU)
Data Processing Server
MODIS Receiving Station
INHA Univ.
KREONet
Gigabit Network
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 19/30
• High spatial resolution (250m)• Reflectance• NDVI• LAI• Fire• Land cover• Etc…
Localization of MODIS Products
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 20/30
Field-measured LAI vs. MODIS LAI (Rice paddy)
Seeding (late April)
Harvesting (September)
Growing season (150 days)
Under-estimation?
Localization of MODIS Products
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 21/30
Own NPP vs. MODIS NPP
1km 기준순생산량 1km MODIS 순생산량
기준토지피복도(30m)초지
혼효림
침엽수
활엽수
농경지
색상피복분류
기준토지피복도(1km) MODIS 토지피복도(30m)
Localization of MODIS Products
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 22/30
• MODIS-based Change Detection• Detect dramatic and sudden changes
– Urbanization and disasters (fire, flood etc.)
– Pixel vs. pixel comparison
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50646&385
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ance
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Urbanized pixel (판교)
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501218&19
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Unchanged pixel
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2005년 4월 5일양양산불지역 pixel
변화지역으로판단되는 pixel의 reflectance 변화
22
Localization of MODIS Products
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 23/30
May 2005 MOD14- no. of actual fires : 40- fires on MODIS product: 32- correct detection: 7- false alarm: 25
Detection accuracy: 17.5% False alarm ratio: 78.1%
2005년 4월 5일 MYD14영상
Small-scle fire Detection
Localized fire detection method • active fires + burned area• sub-pixel fire detection
Localization of MODIS Products
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 24/30
UAV-based real-time aerial image acquisition system
Output
Input
DSM/DEMorthoimage
UAV Platform
sensor
electronics
Laser ScannerDigital CameraGPSIMU
storagetransmissionstabilizationintegration
storage
communicationGeoreferencingOrtho-rectification
관측대상
• To provide geo-referenced aerial image in real-time
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 25/30
: Waiting Status: Gateway Server: Active Status
IP/Sensor Router IP Device
LoWPAN-Extended IP Network
IP Network
LoWPAN-Extended IP Network
In-situ sensing by USN
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 26/30
Smart Sensor Web
Sap Flow Sensor Array
MinirhizotronArray
Multiparameter Soil Probes
‘Smart Dust’ tagged Insects
Automated E-tongue
Sensor Clustered MEMS Insects
RF Telemetry Macro-organisms
Micro-weather Stations
E-nose
In-situ sensing by USN
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 27/30
동영상수집서버
직접동영상수집서버
실시간변환서버
컨트롤서버
저장서버 Storage
영상저장
웹서버
실시간스트리밍서버
VOD스트리밍서버
VOD(파일)다운로드서버
동영상관리 동영상제공동영상수집
공공영상정보통합서비스플랫폼
동영상변환/전송모듈
동영상수요기관MetaData
영상제공기관
통합영상정보서비스
In-situ sensing by ground CCTV
Millions of CCTV
cameras
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 28/30
In-situ sensing by vehicle mounted sensors
위치기반동영상
모바일GateWay
실시간환경정보수집센서
온도,습도,UV,조도,PM-10,O3,SO2,NO2,CO
실시간교통정보수집
CCTV
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 29/30
Integration of remote- and in-situ sensing
Topographic sensor
Environmental sensor
Mobile sensor soil probe
testbed
Spaceborne sensorAirborne sensor
Periodic/real-time land monitoring
Integration
Remote sensing
In-situsensing
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 30/30
• LCLUC in Korea is mostly human induced. • Urbanization and industrialization are two major driving
factors.• Real-time monitoring of LCLUC is the urgent need. • Government-supported projects are oriented to technology
developments. • Increased interest of LCLUC over the North Korea.
• Overexploitation of mountainous forest• Flooding & erosion
• R&D focused on real-time land monitoring methodology
Conclusions
NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 31/30
Thank you!