Laboratory Animal Facility Laboratory Animal Facility EquipmentEquipment

LAT Chapter 6

Chapter 6

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Chapter 6

Facility EquipmentFacility Equipment

• Animal rooms

• Mechanical areas

• Cage wash area

• Diet preparation

• Surgery suites

• Necropsy

• Incinerator facilities

• Equipment for unique

research needs

Chapter 6

Small Animal Room Set-upSmall Animal Room Set-up

Chapter 6

Water Treatment AreaWater Treatment Area

Chapter 6

Rack Washer & Cage WasherRack Washer & Cage Washer

Chapter 6

Prep, Surgery, RecoveryPrep, Surgery, Recovery

Chapter 6

Lab, NecropsyLab, Necropsy

Chapter 6

Animal Facility DesignsAnimal Facility Designs

• Non-husbandry-related functions About 25 percent of the total floor space

Legal requirements must be taken into account. • waste disposal, noise, odor control, and facility security

• Design determined by the nature of the research. safety of its employees, the animals, and the

surrounding community

• Space requirements and traffic flow

• Protection of the animals from common diseases

Chapter 6

Animal FacilityAnimal Facility

Chapter 6

Conventional FacilitiesConventional Facilities

• A conventional facility has no special design

provisions for “clean/dirty” traffic flow. The animal rooms have one doorway through which

clean items enter and dirty items exit.

• Properly directed air flow is important in any animal

facility. Negative air pressure inside, combined with positive

pressure outside, helps keep airborne contaminants

inside the room from reaching animals located in other

areas of a conventional facility.

Chapter 6

Circulation SharedCirculation Shared

Chapter 6

Clean/Dirty FacilityClean/Dirty Facility

• One-way traffic flow

• Each animal room has entrance and exit door. Entrance door leads from the clean corridor to the

animal room.

Exit door leads from animal room to a dirty corridor.

• Shower-in and shower-out may be required

• Air pressure: clean hallway => animal room

=>dirty hallway

Chapter 6

Circulation Clean/DirtyCirculation Clean/Dirty

Chapter 6

Barrier & Containment FacilitiesBarrier & Containment Facilities

• Barrier keeps contamination out.

• Containment keeps contamination inside.

• Keep the flow of traffic in one direction -

from clean to dirty.

• Germ-free barrier:• shower-in

• enter through one-way air lock

• protective apparel

• work done under a laminar flow hood

•all materials autoclaved

•waste out separate route

•air pressure positive to the

surrounding areas

Chapter 6

Circulation DirectionalCirculation Directional

Chapter 6

AirlockAirlock

Chapter 6

““Modified SPF” / ContainmentModified SPF” / Containment ~ Modified SPF ~

• a barrier with less stringent procedures• animals purchased only from SPF vendors

~ Containment ~• Requires protective apparel to protect the person. • Personnel may be required to shower-out.• Materials must be

decontaminated.• Negative air pressure • Air out may require

sterilization or HEPA filtration.

Chapter 6

Preventing Cross-ContaminationPreventing Cross-Contamination

• Protect from contamination: 1) Store feed, bedding and cages away from waste.

2) Wear protective clothing when working in animal areas.

3) Separate quarantine and receiving from animals on study.

4) Disinfect contaminated gloves, boots and equipment.

• Prevent allergen and pathogen exposure:1) Wear protective clothing while handling animals.

2) Remove contaminated protective clothing before entering

lunch rooms, offices etc.

3) Do not wear uniforms or work shoes home.

Chapter 6

Caging SystemsCaging Systems

permit freedom of movement and normal posture

identical housing for each animal on a study

weight and number of animals housed per cage

AWA, The Guide, USDA, PHS, AAALAC

comfortable, safe, escape-proof, with easy access to food

and water

ventilation and be kept dry and clean

materials sturdy, durable, smooth, impervious

inspection of occupants without disturbing them

normal interaction

Chapter 6

Primate UnitsPrimate Units

Chapter 6

Primate Units, TooPrimate Units, Too

Chapter 6

Rabbit RackRabbit Rack

Chapter 6

Caging Systems Caging Systems (Selection)(Selection)

• age, weight, and size of the species

• purpose for which it is to be used; short-term or long-term housing, individual or group

housing, collection of clinical or metabolic samples,

administration of test materials, or moving animals

from one location to another

• endure repeated use and sanitation and use in

a variety of research programs for long-term

applications

Chapter 6

Micro Isolator CageMicro Isolator Cage

Chapter 6

Solid / Wire Hanging CagesSolid / Wire Hanging Cages

Chapter 6

Caging Systems Caging Systems (Transport, Activity)(Transport, Activity)

• Transport Cages: Food or water is not usually provided.

Specialized transport cages fit up to opening of cage.

• Activity Cages: rodent - an attached wheel-shaped section

nonhuman primates - bars, ropes, swings, and

sometimes toys

dogs and other larger animals - runs

Chapter 6

Dog Feeder / Transport CagesDog Feeder / Transport Cages

Chapter 6

More Transport CagingMore Transport Caging

Chapter 6

Caging Systems Caging Systems (Recovery / Inhalation)(Recovery / Inhalation)

• Recovery Cages: to hold an animal after surgical manipulation.

• also called therapy cages or intensive care units

• heated floor, plexiglass door for easy viewing, can be fitted with

environmental controls, port access for IV therapy or physiological

monitors

• Inhalation Cage/Environmental Chambers: for exposure to test materials

• Test material in as a vapor, mist, or gas.

• Animals inhale the substance, pulmonary function measurements

can be performed.

Chapter 6

Restraint EquipmentRestraint Equipment

Holds animals securely but comfortably.

Used to collect samples or administer materials.

Collection and administration site access.

Allows techs use of both hands for procedure.

Complete sanitation between uses

Design depends on species and duration of restraint.

• Plastic rodent cylinders, cat bags, pig slings, and nonhuman

primate chairs are all classified as restraint equipment.

Favorable response if conditioned.

Keeps comfortable and stress-free.

Chapter 6

Restraint EquipmentRestraint Equipment

Chapter 6

Restraint ConeRestraint Cone

Chapter 6

Broome Restraint TubeBroome Restraint Tube

•Broome Restraint Tube

Chapter 6

StockinetteStockinette

•Stockinette Restraint

Chapter 6

Towel WrapTowel Wrap

•Towel Restraint

Chapter 6

Maintenance & Equipment Use Maintenance & Equipment Use

Equipment monitoring - air, fume hood, light, and water

Calibrate scales and maintain instruments.

Rotate equipment in storage.

Pre-rinsing • Urine precipitates form opaque scale.

• Use acid cleaners (descalers) before washing.

• 82.2°C surface temperature needed for effective sanitation.

Room cleaning • Tools are room-specific.

• Log or record cleaning schedules.

• All permanent surfaces in the room are sanitized.

Chapter 6

Room MonitorRoom Monitor

Chapter 6

Additional ReadingAdditional Reading

1.Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory

Animals. National Academy Press, Washington,

D.C., 1996.

2.The UFAW Handbook on the Care and

Management of Laboratory Animals, 6th Edition,

Trevor Poole, editor, 1987.