Kingdom Animalia

Characteristics of Animals

Multi-cellular Specialized (adapted for particular function) Examples? Heterotrophs Mostly sexual repro, some asexual Ability to move Includes invertebrates, vertebrates

Body Plan/Morphology

Symmetry: a pattern of structure Asymmetry - no pattern Radial symmetry - body parts branch out

from a central point Bilateral symmetry - pattern is a mirror

image along each side of a line Exhibit “cephalization”

Asymmetry

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Radial Symmetry

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Bilateral Symmetry

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Germ layers: Fundamental tissue types found in animals Gives rise to other tissues Body cavities: Allow for organization of the animal Also helps with movement in some

Invertebrates

Have radial or bilateral symmetry Some are segmented Body support is diverse ……. Carbon dioxide as a by-product of metabolism Most animals have a circulatory system Digestion done by absorption Nervous system varies in complexity Reproduction is sexual or asexual……or

hermaphroditic in some species

Vertebrates

Include fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals All except fishes spend part of their life on land Body support - endoskeleton Skeleton designed to suit animal’s needs Body coverings - designed to hold water inside the body Closed circulatory systems Digestion occurs in the gut More-developed nervous system Internal, external fertilization

Phylum Chordata

Vertebrates fall into this phylum Called chordates Features include: Notochord - develops into backbone Dorsal hollow nerve cord - becomes brain, spinal cord Pharyngeal pouches - outpockets of digestive tract Postanal tail - behind anal opening