Post on 22-Dec-2015
A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from crystals thatseparate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney.
Causes Acc. to type of stone Calcium ones especially
calcium oxalate…. Oxalate from certain food.
Cystine stones…cystnuria.
Urinary tract infection (women)… struvite stones
Gout & chemotherapy… uric acid stones.. Common in men.
Symptoms and signs of a kidney stone include excruciating, cramping painin the lower back and/or side, groin, or abdomen as well as blood in the urine.
Symptoms
Severe pain in belly area move to groin.
Abnormal urine color. Blood in urine. Nausea. Fever. Vomiting.
A helical CT scan without contrast material is the mostcommon test to detect stones or obstruction within the urinary tract.
Diagnosis/ tests:
Abdominal CT scan Abdominal/kidney MRI Abdominal x-ray Intravenous pyelogram
(IVP) Kidney Ultrasound Retrograde Pyelogram
Treatment Primary treatment Pain relievers NSAIDS e.g. Ibuprofen. Morphine Medication
1. Allopurinol
2. Antibiotics
3. Diuretics
4. Phosphate solution
5. Sodium bicarbonate Surgery
For kidney stones that do not pass on their own, a shock wave procedurecalled lithotripsy is often used to break up a large stone into smaller pieces to pass.
Treatment
Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy
1. Shock waves
2. Small stones
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
1. Endoscope
2. Large stones
Prognosis
60% pass out with in 48 hrs.
30% require treatment.
Risk of re-occurrence can reduce by dietary advice.