Key Issue 1:3Why are different places similar?

GLOBALIZATIONDef’n: Process where places in the world are increasingly

linkedScale of the world is “shrinking”Importance of international borders diminishedWorldwide marketplace created

Created by (but not limited to)Faster, more reliable transportationCommunication devices (e.g. satellites, cell phones,

computers)Digital information (e.g. internet)

• Space-Time Compression – • Reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place. • Rapid speed that information flows…rapid changes

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Space-Time Compression, 1492–1962

Fig. 1-20: The times required to cross the Atlantic, or orbit the Earth, illustrate how transport improvements have shrunk the world.

Globalization of the EconomyWorld is more integrated and interdependent

Transnational corporations – (aka Multinational) Huge corporations that cross international

boundaries – ID the best places like production, raw materials, distribution, etc.

World Market = specialization at the local levelResult ?

Uneven development - some places become centers for technical development, while others become centers for low-skilled tasks

What examples can you think of?

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GLOBALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY

Fig. 1-17: The Denso corporation is headquartered in Japan, but it has regional headquarters and other facilities in North America & Western Europe.

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GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURELandscape & People become more homogeneous Examples?

(Fast food restaurants, chain restaurants, retail stores…

Wearing jeans, drinking Coca Cola, Driving Cars…

Shelter…leisure activities…)

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Globalization United Arab Emirates

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Globalization

Opposition to Globalization

As the world becomes more integrated – people react to the threat of losing their own cultural identity.

ETHNOCENTRISMThe belief that one’s own ethnic group or race

is most important or better than others

How has this played out in world history?How is it playing out in the world today?

GLOBALIZATION LOCALIZATIONUniform Landscape…More similar clothingSimilar high technology

Less diversity in religionsLess diverse languagesHigh techNew western waysGlobal economies

More job specializationHave other job & buy ready-made clothing

More contact w/ other cultures

More diversity – uniquenessClothing is more uniqueLess technology; more “old methods”More diverse religionsMore variations in languagesLow techOld waysLocal economies – less

international trade

People do more types of things: weave the cloth, sew clothing

Communicate only w/own culture 11

Let’s Review….How has globalization led to uneven development in the world?

How has globalization affected the cultural landscape?

What is ethnocentrism?

SPACE: DISTRIBUTION OF FEATURES

Recall…What is the difference between how historians and geographers organize information?

DISTRIBUTIONArrangement of a feature in space3 Main Properties

DensityFrequency with which something occurs in

space

ConcentrationThe extent of a feature’s spread over space

PatternGeometric arrangement of objects in space

DENSITYFrequency that something occurs in a given

areaArithmetic Density

Total # of objects /areaUsed for population distributions Population of U.S./Square Miles309,000,000 People (Approximately)3,717,792 Square Miles9,629,091 Square KilometersArithmetic Density 32 People/Sq Km

DENSITY*Large population does NOT necessarily = high density!!!China – 140 ppl/sq km but 125x the # of people in Belgium – 345 ppl/sqkm

High Density also not related to PovertyNetherlands – very wealthy + High DensityMali – very poor + Low Density

Physiological Density – # of persons per unit of area of arable land

Agricultural Density# of farmers per unit area of farmland

CONCENTRATIONThe extent of a feature’s spread over space

Objects are close togetherCLUSTERED

Objects relatively far apartDISPERSED

How are density and concentration different?

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Density and Concentration of Baseball Teams, 1952–2000

Fig. 1-19: The changing distribution of North American baseball teams illustrates the differences between density (2000) and concentration (1952).

Changes as teams moved and teams were added. (see pg. 34)

PATTERNGeometric arrangement of objects in spaceSome geometric…some distributed

irregularly Examples:

LinearGrid PatternPattern of Cities (Sectors, Concentric Zones….)Even distribution of Baseball teams was in a

pattern – followed major cities

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Density, Concentration, and Pattern

Fig. 1-18 (p. 33): The density, concentration, and pattern (of houses in this example) may each vary in an area or landscape.

Which has higher density? Which higher concentrations? What patterns do you see?

Recall…What is space – time compression?

How does this relate to globalization?

Interaction Between PeopleTechnology has increased interactions

between peopleWe very quickly know what is going on in other

parts of world…harder to ignore

Contact has typically diminished the further away one group is from another

DISTANCE DECAY

DISTANCE DECAY

DIFFUSIONProcess by which a characteristic spreads across space

from one place to another over time

Place from which an innovation originates:HEARTH

2 Main Types of Diffusion:Relocation (Migration)

ExpansionHierarchicalContagiousStimulus

RELOCATION DIFFUSIONSpread of an idea through physical

movement of people from one place to another

Examples?Language – Spanish, EnglishReligion – Islam, ChristianityEthnicity – Africans, IndiansAIDS in the U.S.

EXPANSION DIFFUSIONSpread of a feature from one place to another in a “snowballing” process

HierarchicalContagiousStimulus

HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSIONSpread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or

power to other personsPolitical IdeasWhat does the face of evil look like? (or Axis of Evil)American Revolution CommunismFashion by CelebritiesReligious Beliefs/Ideology

Innovations originate in a node of power (large urban area and diffuse to isolated rural areas)Hip-hop…low-income, African Americans – but still from an

urban areaFashion from NYC, ParisRevolution from Tunisia to Egypt

CONTAGIOUS Rapid , widespread diffusion of a

characteristic through out the population

Contagious diseaseFluH1N1

DOES NOT ALWAYS MEAN DISEASE!!!!!Ideas on Internet

Beware of these…they can be just as dangerous as contagious diseases!!!