Post on 04-Jan-2016
KERALA RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION AGENCY
JALANIDHI PROJECTS I & II
Deputy Executive DirectorPranabjyoti Nath IAS
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JALANIDHI-I
FIRST RUNNER-UPPEOPLES FIRST AWARD
(World Bank, 2008)
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Item Units PAD target ActualPercent of the PAD
target
Small Water Supply Schemes Nos 2500 3696 148 %
Comprehensive Schemes Nos 6 16 267 %
New Latrines Nos 40000 68023 170 %
Latrine conversions Nos 8000 24194 302 %Comprehensive Ground Water Recharge Schemes - GP level
GPs 0 33
Ground Water Recharge Schemes – Point Recharge at BG level
BGs 562 1013 180 %
Environmental Management Plan works
(soakpits, compost pits, etc)Nos 26667 89319 335 %
Drainage works Mtrs 178000 68362 38 %
Rain Water Harvesting structures Nos 1500 13304 887 %
Key Project Outputs
Key Principles of the Jalanidhi Approach
Adoption of a demand-driven approach to service delivery and use of participatory processes
Shift in government’s role from direct service delivery to that of planning, policy formulation, M&E, and part-financing capital costs
Beneficiary groups (BGs) make capital costs financing contributions and cover 100% of O&M costs through tariffs
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Project Outcomes - I
The Jalanidhi-I project successfully demonstrated that communities, including the poorest and most vulnerable groups, can:
demand, plan, design, implement and manage WSS schemes
contribute to partial capital investmentfully recover O&M costs
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Project Outcomes - IIThe decentralized service delivery model was successfully
demonstrated by GPs and rural communities.The project worked in 3,712 participating communities in
112 GPs (of a total of 978 in the state)Improved water services were provided to 1.13 M peopleWater supply coverage increased from 55 to 81 % in the
GPs covered by the project The project helped 753,000 people to have access to
improved sanitation servicesSanitation coverage increased from 76 to 86 %85 GPs received the Nirmal Gram Puraskar award for
open defecation free (ODF) villages
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Project Outcomes - IIIGPs contributed 10 % and communities 15 % to the
capital costs of schemes under the infrastructure component
GPs and communities, including the most vulnerable groups, contributed substantially towards the capital cost thus helping to reduce GOK subsidies
Even vulnerable groups, such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) contributed significant amounts in cash and labor (6,755 HHs benefited under project)
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Project Outcomes - IVThe project was successful in being inclusive of poor and marginalized groups:53 % of project beneficiary HHs belonged to the below poverty line (BPL) category
About 16 % of project beneficiaries were SC/ ST
ST families made 83.6 lakhs (US$ xx) in contributions by way of labour and cash
The project succeeded in empowering women, throughout subproject cycle
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Project Outcomes - VProject built capacity for further scaling up at all levels:
state, districts, GPs and communities as well as in support organizations and private sector
This capacity should not be lost but utilized in the future… KRWSA since appointed WSSO for the State!
GOK, KRWSA and KWA conducted innovative experiments whose lessons learned will be critical for further scaling up: G-PATs Scheme Level Committees for larger WS schemesKWA partnership in implementing multi-GP schemesTransfer and rehabilitation of KWA/GP schemes, etc
WB GoK
KRWSAPMU
DPMU
SO/GPAT
BG
Institutional Arrangement
GP
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Original Project Estimate - Rs. 4514 million
Revised Estimate at MTR - Rs.3815 million
Claim submitted to WB - Rs 2760 million
Claim received - Rs 2760 million
Utilization - 100%
FINANCIAL DETAILS
Lessons Learned
Willingness to pay of beneficiaries was demonstrated through their high contribution to capital cost sharing, ie 15%
Tribal groups shared both capital and O&M costs
100% O&M costs were recovered by BGs in all completed schemes
Successfully transferred (from KWA to GP) and rehabilitated single-GP schemes, with improved service delivery
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Lessons Learned
There is an overall saving of 10-15% in the capital costs of water schemes when community contracting is used
Communities proved they could take up planning, implementation and O&M of even large schemes serving more than 1,000 families
Partnership schemes with KWA, for multi-GP schemes, can be replicated
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Operational Learnings
Institutional Arrangements:Demonstrated that the active participation of
GPs and BGs leads to greater accountability and long term sustainability
NGOs/GPATs as Support Organizations for GPs are extremely helpful for the successful completion of project
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Sustainability
Sustainability is a very broad term In the context of rural/ community water supply is
very much linked with the local perspective as to what mode of service is perceived upon.
In the context of Jalanidhi, Sustainability is defined as Capability of each Beneficiary Group to
demonstrate performance which satisfies majority of the consumer’s normative water needs. In other words “Sustainability implies that the system works through out its life and beyond, and is able to generate adequate cash flow for future expansion/renewal.”
5 steps towards sustainability
Water source
Quality water
Supply System
Institutional setup
Financial fitness
Capable leadership with problem diagnosing and rectifying ability
Consumer satisfied over visual quality and taste perceptions
Faultless operation, low maintenance and equitable distribution
Able to meet peak summer demand and sustainable extraction
Able to meet true expenses through O&M collection
JALANIDHI : S E E STUDY KEY RESULTS
INDICATORS SEE-I & II
SEE-III SEE IV SEE V
Present sustainability 96% 95% 97% 94%
Assessment for future likelihood of sustainability
92% 94% 95% 92%
User level satisfaction 85% 80% 93% 90%
Technical sustainability 93% 99% 97% 95%
BGs having financial problems
0% 2% 1% 0%
Institutional sustainability
100% 98% 99% 100%
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With the experience gainedKRWSA move on to Jalanidhi
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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE
To assist the GOK in increasing rural communities’ access to improved and
sustainable water supply and sanitation services in Kerala, using a decentralized,
demand-responsive approach
PROJECT SCOPEProject Districts - 8 districts out of 14 in state:
Kasargode, Kannur,Wayanad, Kozhikode,
Malappuram, Palakkad ,Idduki, Kottayam
Project GPs - 200 Gram Panchayaths (178 to be self-selected based on GP selection
criteria) from above districts and 22 GPs selected for Tribal Development
Program - Some 9-15 GPs will be covered
through rehabilitation and modernization of multi-GP schemes
(KWA and GPs joint responsibilities)
KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I Joint ownership (GP & BG) of scheme assetsDue weightage for water quality and SC/ST in GP
selectionGP share increased to 15% from 10%, BG share reduced
to 10% from 15%Reduced share for vulnerable groupsHigher delegation of administrative & financial powers
from PMU to RPMUs & GPSTsSetting-up of GPSTs for in situ support to BGs and GPsOnly bilateral agreements instead of tripartite and
quadrilateral agreementsPreparation of GP-level water security & development
plans for sustainability of sourcesUp-front setting-up of institutional mechanism at the GP
level for sustainable O&M backup
KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I Increased focus on community-level, rather than HH-level,
sanitation (solid & liquid waste management)
Special emphasis on GP-level groundwater recharge (GWR) activities
Multi-GP schemes to be rehabilitated and modernized in partnership between KWA and GPs
Efficient back-up system management models to be explored
Institutionalization of systematic WQ monitoring & surveillance statewide focusing on community-based WSS
Rationalization and harmonization of RWSS sector in state to be reviewed and road map developed and implemented with project support
INSTITUIONAL MODEL
BG
WB GOI
GOK
KRWSA-PMU
KRWSA-RPMU
GP GPAT/SO
KRWSA-GB&GC
GPST
KWA
Suchitwa Mission
(Sanitation)
Grama Panchayath Selection CriteriaSl No
Criteria Indicator Source of data Score
1Water supply coverage (WS)
Non coverage denoted by no. of BPL households traversing a distance of 300 meters or more to fetch water, to the total no. of HHs in the GP
BPL Survey - 2009 conducted by CRD of GOK
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2Water quality affected GPs(WQ)
No. of wards affected with predominant water quality problems like iron, fluoride, salinity and nitrates, to the total no. of wards in the GP
DDWSS website of GOI
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3 Poverty (P)Total no. of BPL HHs to the total no. of HHs in the GP
BPL Survey -2009 conducted by CRD of GOK
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4SC/ST population (SCST)
Total SC/ST population, to the total population in the GP
Census 200110
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Efficiency in implementing developmental projects (E)
Average use of Plan Funds for the preceding three years of allotment and utilization
Data from the Directorate of Panchayaths GOK
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GP Selection Criteria for TDP
District-wise population of the ST is taken as primary criteria for the selection of districts, accordingly two districts, Wayanad and Idukki have been identified
From the above two districts, those GPs having 16% or more ST population (according to 2001 census data) are included for project implementation
FUNDING PATTERN
PROJECT COMPONENTS(Amount in INR Crores)
Main Components
Total Incl. Contingencies
(Amount)
% to Total
A Institution Building
A1. Project Management 83.9 8.2%
A2. Capacity Building 10.2 1.0%
A3. Statewide Sector Development Program 19.9 1.9%
Total -Institution Building 114.0 11.1%
B Technical Assistance to Implementing Agencies
B1. New and Rehabilitated Intra-GP RWS Schemes 100.4 9.8%
B2. Rehabilitation & Modernization of Multi-GP WS Schemes 5.5 0.5%
B3. Sanitation 9.1 0.9%
Total - Technical Assistance 115.0 11.1%
C Infrastructure Development
C1. New and Rehabilitated Intra-GP RWS Schemes 624.7 61.1%
C2. Rehabilitation & Modernization of Multi-GP Schemes 95.1 9.3%
C3. Sanitation 73.6 7.2%
Total - Infrastructure Building 793.4 77.6%
TOTAL PROGRAM 1022.3 100.0%
PROJECT COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIESWater supply schemes
Tribal Development Plan
Groundwater recharge (GWR)
‘Second Generation’ sanitation challenges
Multi-GP schemes partial transfer, rehabilitation and modernization (with KWA)
Capacity building
IEC activities
Monitoring and evaluation.
GP strengthening
Statewide RWSS sector- review and rationalization.
COST SHARING PATTERNComponent
Contribution asas % of construction costs estimated at market prices as
contained in the D S R and agreed to by the beneficiaries and GPs
Household GP
I Capital Costs of Schemes *
Drinking Water Schemes( (up to 70 lpcd)1 - Small /large & rehabilitationDrinking Water Schemes (Multi GP rehabilitation)(i)Common Infrastructure (ii)Intra Distribution Works
Cost of meter including installation and plumbing within premises (wherever applicable)
10% for General ( 5% for SC/ST/Fishers HHs)
Nil 10% for General ( 5% for SC/ST/Fishers HHs)100%
15%
Nil 15%
Groundwater recharge measuresGP wide
Nil20%
Environmental Management schemes including Solid and Liquid waste management / sullage drainage Schemes Community level schemes Household level
Nil 50%
20%Nill
II. Operation and maintenance Cost
Operation and maintenance of water supply, GWR schemes (recurrent costs, minor repairs and replacement etc)For BG and GP level schemes For Multi GP schemesPilot Environmental Management schemes including Solid and Liquid waste management / sullage drainage Schemes Community level schemes
100%100 % of local Dist O&M cost + 100 % of bulk charges payable to KWA – by levying and collecting sufficient user charges
Nil
Nil Nil
100%
JALANIDHI PHASE II-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Batch Desn No of GPs J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA M J J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F M
Batch 1
General 24 TDP 2
Batch 2
General 37
GPs with Large Scheme 2 TDP 11 Multi GP Scheme* 4
Batch 3
General 44 Mid Term Review
GPs with Large Scheme 5 TDP 9
Multi GP Scheme (KWA) 9 schemes
Batch 4
General 48 GPs with Large Scheme 3
Multi GP Scheme 8 schemes Batch 5 General 15
Implementation Completion Review
Pre Planning Phase
Planning Phase
Preparatory Phase Only for TDP
Implementation Phase
Post Implementation Phase
Hand Holding Phase
Only for TDP
SCHEME CYCLE Description
Preplanning(No of months)
Preparatory(No of months)
Planning(No of months)
Implementation(No of months)
Post Implementation(No of months)
Hand holding(No of months)
Total(No of months)
Small Schemes
3 - 9 12 3 - 27
Large schemes
3 - 11 13 3 - 30
TDP 3 3 9 15 3 6 39
Multi GP Rehab
3 - 15 15 3 - 36
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FINANCIAL ARRANGMENTS FUND FLOW
GOK Budget
GP Project Bank
A/c
RPMU Bank
PMU Bank
PMU Treasury
BG Project Bank
A/c
Expenses of PMU / Payments for Works
undertaken through PMU
BG Expenses
Expenses on GP Activities
Expenses of RPMU /GPSTand Works undertaken through
RPMU
GP Share
BG Share
WOMEN IN JALANIDHI Planning BG mobilization & Contribution collection Beneficiary Group( 50 % participation) Beneficiary Committee (President/Secretary & Treasurer
– invariably women) Implementation Active participation in procurement , construction management, accounting and Quality Assurance
Post Implementation Operation, repairs and maintenance , revenue collection
Apart from above total involvement in Women Development Initiative as project component
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Thrift & Credit ActivitiesMaking O & M payments easier through
regular savingsJalanidhi’s main objective in this activity
was to help women access funds for either capital cost payment or monthly O & M payment
WDI –IGP (income Generating programmes)
Project financed micro enterprise up to 80% of capital cost in “watsan” related activities and 50% in other IGPs
HOW WAS THE PROJECT BENEFICIAL TO WOMEN
Making adequate water availabledrinkingsanitation and hygiene
Reduction in Drudgerymaking water available at doorstepthis pot was always on my head now it is on
the groundThere is peace at home nowI am at peace with myself- I am not always
tense about worrying where to get water from
Empowerment- Self Development- making them a part of
the project- Building up of knowledge- base in
project, mgmt, health practices- Mainstreaming them into leadership &
decision making roles- Thrift & Credit- Skill Building- Entrepreneurship
EMPOWERMENT THROUGH REAL PARTICIPATION
Equal Membership in the BGKey position in the executive committee
President /Secretary and TreasurerRole in decision making (not in attendance alone)Minimum quorum such that women
representation is mandatoryEngage women as one of the two pump operators
in every BGWomen led BGs (all BC members were women)
had been experimented
BG MEETING
Resource Mapping
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ACTIVE PARTCIPATION OF WOMEN
OPERATOR in ACTION
WDI - Sowparnika-Sowbhagya Vanitha Hotel (Kozhikode)
WDI- Concrete Bricks(Palakkad )
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THANK YOU