Post on 12-Jan-2016
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels returned to Germany in spring 1848 to support the most democratic version of a “bourgeois revolution”
But ethnic divisions complicated the situation
Lajos Kossuth (1802-1894),who led the
Hungarian War of Independence in
1848/49
German & Magyar revolutionaries had little sympathy for
the aspirations of Croats, Rumanians, Ukrainians, & Slovaks
The Second and Third Partitions of Poland, 1793-95
“Street Fighting on Rue Soufflot, Paris, June 25, 1848”(3,000 Parisians died in the June Days, vs. 500 in
February)
The dissolution of the National Workshops in June 1848 provoked desperation in working-class
neighborhoods: Daumier, “The Uprising”
Ernest Meissonier, “The
Barricade,”aftermath of the
June Days of 1848, when the Second Republic suppressed the
democratic clubs
Louis Napoleon(1808-1873)
won 75% of thevote in the presidential election of
December 1848 and then gained
control of the army and police
“Bohemian weavers destroy
machines”in 1848
“Raging Assault by the Republicans on the German National Parliament, September 18,
1848”
This riot began as a protest against the armistice with Denmark; the crowd demanded a purge of conservative deputies from the National Assembly and lynched two of them before Prussian troops restored order.
The new flag and the Goddess of
Liberty parade through Cologne
during the short-lived republican uprising of September
1848
The Radical Republicans Friedrich Hecker & Gustav Struve in Baden
Croatian troops pour into Vienna, October 26-29, 1848:4,000 men died, with casualties heaviest among the students
Carl Staffeck, “The Execution of Robert Blum,” Vienna, November 9, 1848
“The Berlin Citizens’ Militia Opens Fire on Demonstrating Workers,” October 16, 1848.
(From their dress we can tell that membership in the Citizens’ Militia has been restricted to the
bourgeoisie.)
General Wrangel agrees with the Citizens’ Militia on a peaceful occupation of Berlin, 10 November 1848
“A New Method for Granting a Constitution,” satirical cartoon, Berlin, December 1848
Constitution proposed by the Frankfurt Assembly in 1849
Frederick William IV receives a deputation from the German National Assembly, Berlin, April 3, 1849.
He later wrote a friend that this offered crown bore the “stench of the revolution of 1848, which was the most stupid and frivolous revolution of this century, even if it was by no means, thank God, the most wicked….”
“I carved a pretty crown for your
son, but now he doesn’t want it!”
(Heinrich von Gagern,
Germania, and Frederick William), cartoon from 1849
“The New Peter of Amiens”
(1849):The founders of the conservative Kreuz-Zeitung,
Otto von Bismarck, Ernst
Ludwig von Gerlach, &
Friedrich Julius Stahl, depicted
as medieval crusaders.
Prussian troops advance against the revolutionary army of Baden (including Engels) near Rastatt,
June 22, 1849
President Louis Napoleon, King Frederick William IV, and Emperor Franz Joseph sweep out the
revolutionaries (1849)
The revised Prussian constitution of January 1850
Trial of the eleven Cologne Communists in 1852